Biology:Gastrolobium grandiflorum

Short description: Species of plant

Wallflower poison
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Fabales
Family:	Fabaceae
Subfamily:	Faboideae
Genus:	Gastrolobium
Species:	G. grandiflorum
Binomial name
Gastrolobium grandiflorum F.Muell.

Gastrolobium grandiflorum, commonly known as wallflower poison, wallflower poison bush or heart-leaf poison bush, is a bushy shrub which is endemic to Australia .

It grows to 2 or 3 metres in height and between late summer and early winter (February to August in Australia) it produces orange-red pea-flowers with a yellow centre and red veins. The leaves are hairy and heart-shaped on younger plants and elliptic and more glabrous on older plants, up to 6 cm long and 2.7 cm wide.

The species was first formally described by botanist Ferdinand von Mueller and published in Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae in 1863. It is the most widespread within the genus, occurring across a large area of Queensland, as well as in the Northern Territory, Western Australia and South Australia.

Poisonous attributes

The species, like many others within the genus Gastrolobium, contains high levels of fluoroacetate (the active ingredient in the pest control toxin known as 1080) The leaves, seeds and roots are highly poisonous to cattle, sheep, horses and goats. Major livestock losses have been attributed to the plant in Queensland.

In 1896, the explorer and gold prospector David Carnegie came across the plant in Western Australia on the return leg of an expedition from Coolgardie to Halls Creek later writing:

All along the banks of the creek splendid green acacia and grass was growing, and a most inviting-looking plant standing some six feet high, with greenish-grey stems and leaves, and a flower not unlike wallflower. Such a place at once suggested camping, and we were proceeding to unload when Godfrey remarked that this pretty plant was very like a most deadly Queensland poison plant; he was not sure; I had never seen it before, nor had Breaden. The risk, however, was too great; it might be poison; I could see the camels eyeing its fresh charms, and it grew in such profusion that all would be devouring it in a few minutes. So we packed up again and moved further on, much to the disgust of the blacks and the animals, for all were very tired. I collected some specimens of this plant; if Godfrey had never been in Queensland we should have been in a tight corner.

So toxic is the plant to farmed animals that, following bushfires, cattlemen in north-western Queensland have to move livestock before the heart-leaf emerges from the ashes.

References

• Chandler, G. T.; M.D. Crisp; L.W. Cayzer; R.J. Bayer (2002). "Monograph of Gastrolobium (Fabaceae: Mirbelieae)". Australian Systematic Botany 15 (5): 619–739. doi:10.1071/SB01010. http://www.anbg.gov.au/cpbr/publications/bayer-publications/71.Aust.Syst.Bot.15_619-739.pdf. 
• "Gastrolobium grandiflorum". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife. https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/3903. 
• "Gastrolobium grandiflorum". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. http://www.anbg.gov.au/cgi-bin/apni?taxon_id=35155. 
• Moore P. (2005). Plants of Inland Australia. Reed New Holland. ISBN 1-876334-86-X. 
• "Weeds: Heart-leaf poison bush". Department of Natural Resources and Water, Queensland. http://nrw.qld.gov.au/pests/weeds/non_declared_plants/heart_leaf_bush.html. 
• "Gastrolobium grandiflorum". Electronic Flora of South Australia Fact Sheet. State Herbarium of South Australia. http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/cgi-bin/texhtml.cgi?form=speciesfacts&family=Leguminosae&genus=Gastrolobium&species=grandiflorum. 
• Moore P. (2005). Plants of Inland Australia. Reed New Holland. ISBN 1-876334-86-X. 
• Carnegie, David W. (1898). Spinifex and Sand. London: C. Arthur Pearson. http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Spinifex_and_Sand. 

Wikidata ☰ Q5526851 entry