Engineering:Ferret armoured car

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Ferret Scout Car
Aldham Old Time Rally 2015 - 18081932993.jpg
Ferret Mk 2.
TypeArmored car / Scout car
Place of originUnited Kingdom
Service history
In service1952–1991 (UK)
Wars
  • Cyprus Emergency
  • Malayan Emergency
  • Algerian War[1]
  • Aden Emergency
  • 1964 Ethiopian–Somali War
  • Biafra War
  • Cambodian Civil War
  • Black September
  • The Troubles
  • Dhofar Rebellion
  • Rhodesian Bush War
  • Portuguese Colonial War[2]
  • Lebanese Civil War
  • Somali Civil War
  • South African Border War
  • First Sudanese Civil War
  • Second Sudanese Civil War
  • Suez Crisis
  • Sri Lankan Civil War
  • Ugandan Bush War
  • Internal conflict in Myanmar
  • Iran–Iraq War
  • Invasion of Kuwait
  • Syrian civil war
  • Russian invasion of Ukraine
Production history
No. built4409 (for UK and export)[3]
Specifications
Mass3.7 t
Length12 ft 2 in (3.7 m)
Width6 ft 3 in (1.91 m)
Height6 ft 2 in (1.88 m)
Crew2 (commander, driver/radio operator)
Main
armament
7.62×51mm NATO GPMG if fitted
.30 M1919 Browning machine gun
Secondary
armament
none
EngineRolls-Royce B60 Inlet over Exhaust I6 petrol
130 hp (97 kW)
Power/weight35.1 hp/tonne (26.2 kW/tonne)
Suspension4×4 wheel
Operational
range
190 mi (310 km)
Speed58 mph (93 km/h)

The Ferret armoured car, also commonly called the Ferret scout car, is a British armoured fighting vehicle designed and built for reconnaissance purposes. The Ferret was produced between 1952 and 1971 by the United Kingdom company Daimler. It was widely used by regiments in the British Army, as well as the RAF Regiment and Commonwealth countries throughout the period.

History

The Ferret was developed in 1949 as a result of a British Army requirement issued in 1947. 'Light reconnaissance cars' existed during the Second World War, notably the Daimler Dingo.

Given its experience with the successful Dingo (6,626 produced and one of two British AFVs produced throughout WWII) Daimler was awarded a development contract in October 1948, and in June 1950 the first prototype of the Car, Scout, 4×4, Liaison (Ferret) Mark 1 was delivered.

Designated the FV 701(C), it was one of several versions resembling the original Daimler scout cars, and represented the basic model Ferret. This shared many similar design features with the Dingo, notably the H form drive train in which a central differential eliminates loss of traction due to wheel-slip, and parallel drive shafts considerably reduced the height of the vehicle (roughly equivalent to that of a tracked AFV) compared to conventional armoured car designs.[4]

Like the Daimler scout car, the Ferret suspension consisted of pairs of transverse links and single coil springs, the wheels driven by Tracta constant-velocity joints, but the Ferret benefited from epicyclic reduction gears reducing transmission torque loads, essential with the six cylinder 4.26 litre water-cooled Rolls-Royce B.60 petrol engine. Connected by a fluid coupling to a pre-selector five speed epicyclic gearbox, all gears available in reverse, in its original form, the Ferret produced 116 bhp (87 kW) at 3,300 rpm and 129 bhp (96 kW) at 3,750 in its final form.

This improved power-to-weight ratio, longer wheelbase (2.29 m (7.5 ft) compared with the Dingo's 1.98 metres (6.5 feet)) and the fitting of larger 9.00×16 run flat tyres increased speed and mobility over broken ground.

Compared with the Daimler Dingo and Canadian Ford Lynx, the Ferret featured a larger cabin, directly mounted to the hull (the Ferret is much noisier than Dingo, lacking a monocoque body).

6–16 mm (0.24–0.63 in) steel plate protects the crew from shell splinters at most angles except directly overhead because the basic vehicle was open-topped and unarmed, with the exception of six forward-firing grenade launchers fitted to the hull over the front wheels (normally carrying smoke grenades), a feature found on all subsequent marks and models.

However, the Ferret normally carried a .303" (7.7 mm) Bren light machine gun or a pintle-mounted .30" (7.62 mm) Browning light machine gun[4] in addition to the crew's personal weapons.

Ferret Mark 2

Ferret Mk2 armored car on display at the Guards Museum, London

Compared to the lightly armed and protected Mark 1, the Mark 2 was designed from the outset to mount a .30" (7.62 mm) Browning in a one-person traversable turret, at the cost of one crew member. While this offered better crew protection and protected the exposed gunner, the turret raised the height of the vehicle.

Service

Mark 1 and Mark 2 Ferrets were used by Australian Military 1953-70, at which time Australian military forces disposed of them at public auction.

The Sri Lanka Army used Mark 1 and Mark 2 Ferrets from 1955 to 1999, with the last decade in a non-front line role. The Sri Lanka Armoured Corps still retains a few operational Ferret Mark 1 for ceremonial use, while some Mark 2s are gate guardians or in museums.[5]

According to the US Military, 20 national armies were operating the Ferret in 1996.[6]

Production

A total of 4,409 Ferrets, including 16 sub-models under various Mark numbers, were manufactured between 1952 and 1962, when production ceased. It is possible to upgrade the engine using the more powerful FB60 version from the Austin Princess 4-Litre-R; this upgrade providing a 55 bhp (41 kW) gain over the standard B60 engine.[citation needed]

Operators

Map of Ferret operators in blue with former operators in red
Nepalese Army Ferrets parked outside a United Nations compound during UNOSOM II.

Current operators

  •  Abu Dhabi: 65[7]
  •  Bahrain: 8[7]
  •  Burkina Faso: 30[8]
  •  Brunei[9]
  •  Cameroon: 15[10]
  •  Central African Republic: 8[11]
  •  Gambia: 8[7]
  •  Indonesia: 55[7]
  •  Jamaica: 15; Mk 4 variant[7]
  •  Jordan: 180[7]
  •  Kenya: 12[12]
  •  India: 320[7]
  •  Madagascar: 10[7]
  •  Malawi: some donated by South Africa[13][9]
  •    Nepal: 40; Mk 4 variant[7]
  •  Nigeria: 40[7]
  •  Oman: 15[7]
  •  Pakistan: 90 [7][14]
  •  Qatar: 10[7]
  •  Saint Kitts and Nevis: 3
  •  Sudan: 40–50[7][15]
  •  Uganda: 15[7]
  •  Ukraine: At least one Mk1 purchased privately.[16][17]
  •  Zambia: 28[7]

Former operators

Ferret armoured cars of the 13th Parachute Dragoon Regiment parading in Constantine, Algeria, 1961.
  •  Australia: 265[7]
  •  Biafra: 1[18]
  •  Canada: 124[19]
  •  Finland: British Ferret Mk 2s operated by 'Ferret Recce Platoon' of FDF peacekeepers in Cyprus, with FDF lion painted on front-left fender.
  •  France: 200;[7] likely replaced by the Panhard AML[20]
  •  Ghana: 30[7]
  •  Hong Kong: Used by the Royal Hong Kong Regiment.[21]
  •  Iran: 50[7]
  •  Iraq: 20[7]
  •  Lebanon: 5; possibly donated by Jordan[22]
  •  Libya: 15[7]
  •  Malaysia: 92; Mk 2 variant[7] (Some still active in Royal Malaysian Police)
  •  Burma: 45[7]
  •  New Zealand: 9; Mk 2 variant[7]
  •  Netherlands: 6 Mk 2, 1 Mk 1, operated by 11 Infantry Recce Company[23]
  •  North Yemen[9]
  •  Portugal: 32; Mk 4 variant[24]
  •  Rhodesia
  •  Saudi Arabia: 30[7]
  •  Somalia: 18[7]
  •  South Africa: 231[25]
  •  South Yemen: 15[7]
  •  Sri Lanka: 42[7]
  •  United Kingdom[22]
  •  Zaire: 30[7][9]
  •  Zimbabwe: 10[26]

Variants

The interior of a Ferret on display at Imperial War Museum Duxford

There are several Marks of Ferret, including those with varying equipment, turret or no turret and armed with Swingfire anti-tank missiles. Including all the marks and experimental variants, there have probably been over 60 different vehicles.

Mk 1
  • FV701C
  • Liaison duties
  • No turret
  • Armament .30" (7.62 mm) Browning MG
MK 1/1
  • Fitted with thicker side and rear hull plates during manufacture
  • Sealed hull for fording
  • Armament .30" (7.62 mm) Browning MG
Mk 1/2
  • As Mk 1/1 but fitted with fixed turret with hinged roof door
  • Crew of three
  • Armament Bren LMG, later GPMG
Mk 1/2
  • As Mk 1/1 but fitted with flotation screen
  • Armament .30" (7.62 mm) Browning MG
Ferret Mk 2 armored car in Batey ha-Osef museum, Tel Aviv, Israel
Mk 2
  • Original reconnaissance vehicle with 2-door turret from Alvis Saracen APC
  • Armament .30" (7.62 mm) Browning MG
Mk 2/1
  • Original Mk 1 with 2-door turret from Alvis Saracen APC
  • Armament .30" (7.62 mm) Browning MG with Bren LMG stowage
Mk 2/2
  • Original Mk 1 with extension collar and 3-door turret
  • Armament .30" (7.62 mm) Browning MG
Mk 2/3
  • As original Mk 2 but fitted with thicker side and rear hull plates during manufacture
  • Armament .30" (7.62 mm) Browning MG
Mk 2/4
  • Original Mk 2 but fitted with welded-on appliqué on side and rear of hull and turret
  • Armament .30" (7.62 mm) Browning MG
Mk 2/5
  • As Mk 1 fitted with appliqué plates as the Mk 2/4
  • Armament .30" (7.62 mm) Browning MG with Bren LMG stowage
MK 2/6
  • FV703
  • As Mk 2/3 converted as carrier for *Vigilant antitank missile
  • Armament .30" (7.62 mm) Browning MG and four missiles mounted in boxes, two on each side of turret
  • Used by British Army and Abu Dhabi
Mk 2/7
  • FV701
  • As Mk 2/6 stripped of anti-tank missiles after Vigilant withdrawn from service
Mk 3
  • Basic hull for Mk 4 and 5
  • Larger wheels
  • Heavier armour
  • Stronger suspension
  • Flotation screen
Mk 4
  • FV711
  • Reconnaissance vehicle with 2-door turret from Alvis Saracen APC
  • Also Mk 2/3 rebuilt to new specification
  • Armament .30" (7.62 mm) Browning MG
Ferret Mk 5 at The Tank Museum, Bovington
Mk 5
  • FV712
  • Mk 3 hull with unusual wide flat turret for Swingfire anti-tank missiles and L7 GPMG
Ferret 80[27]
  • A new light reconnaissance vehicle proposed by Alvis in 1982, with only one non-operational mock up produced.
  • New armoured aluminium hull with a 155 horsepower (116 kW) Perkins T6 diesel engine but incorporating many existing Mk 4 and Mk 5 components.
  • 2-door turret from Alvis Saracen or Helio FVT900 turret.
  • Armament: L37 7.62mm machine gun (2-door turret) or 20 mm autocannon with 7.62 mm coaxial machine gun (FVT900 turret).

References

  1. ↑ "Images de TENES :: Les BLINDES :: Auto_Mitrailleuse_AM_20_dans_le_Constantinois". http://tenes.info/nostalgie/BLINDES/Auto_Mitrailleuse_AM_20_dans_le_Constantinois. 
  2. ↑ Abbott, Peter; Rodrigues, Manuel (1998). Modern African Wars 2: Angola and Mozambique 1961-74. Osprey Publishing. p. 11. 
  3. ↑ Staff Writer, Alvis FV107 Scimitar: Armed Reconnaissance Vehicle (1971), https://www.militaryfactory.com/armor/detail.php?armor_id=188, retrieved 11 October 2021 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Ogorkiewicz, R.M. (1972). AFV Profiles 44 Ferrets and Fox. Profile Publications. 
  5. ↑ "History Of the Armoured Corps". Sri Lanka Army. https://alt.army.lk/slac/pictorial-history-of-the-armoured-corps?. 
  6. ↑ "Anti-Armor Weapons Subcourse". http://www.survivalschool.us/wp-content/uploads/Antiarmor-Weapons-Subcourse-IN0546.pdf. 
  7. ↑ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 7.17 7.18 7.19 7.20 7.21 7.22 7.23 7.24 7.25 7.26 7.27 7.28 7.29 "Trade Registers". Armstrade.sipri.org. http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php. 
  8. ↑ The Military Balance 2021, p. 452.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Christopher F. Foss (1976). Jane's World Armoured Fighting Vehicles (1976 ed.). Macdonald and Jane's Publishers Ltd. pp. 156–157. ISBN 0-354-01022-0. 
  10. ↑ The Military Balance 2021, p. 455.
  11. ↑ The Military Balance 2021, p. 456.
  12. ↑ The Military Balance 2021, p. 472.
  13. ↑ Christopher F. Foss (16 May 2000). Jane's Tanks and Combat Vehicles Recognition Guide (2000 ed.). Harper Collins Publishers. pp. 386–391. ISBN 978-0-00-472452-2. https://archive.org/details/janestankcombatv00foss/page/386. 
  14. ↑ "Pakistan Land Forces military equipment and vehicles of Pakistani Army". http://www.armyrecognition.com/pakistan_pakistani_army_land_ground_forces_uk/pakistan_pakistani_army_land_ground_forces_military_equipment_armoured_armored_vehicle_uk.html. 
  15. ↑ Richard Lobban Jr. (2010). Global Security Watch: Sudan (2010 ed.). Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 182. ISBN 978-0-313-35332-1. 
  16. ↑ 🇺🇦 Ukraine Weapons Tracker [@UAWeapons] (16 August 2022). "#Ukraine: British 🇬🇧 military equipment in service with the Ukrainian army - here we see 14 Snatch Land Rover armored SUVs, 3 Vector Pinzgauer 718 6x6 armored patrol vehicles and a classic Ferret Mk 1 scout car! Note that these vehicles were mostly purchased using private funds. twitter.com/UAWeapons/status/1559532999523409920" (in en). https://twitter.com/UAWeapons/status/1559532999523409920. 
  17. ↑ Newdick, Thomas (17 August 2022). "Antique Ferret Armored Car Shows Up In Ukraine". The Drive. https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/antique-ferret-armored-car-shows-up-in-ukraine.  
  18. ↑ Jowett, Philip (2016). Modern African Wars (5): The Nigerian-Biafran War 1967–70. Oxford: Osprey Publishing Press. pp. 24–46. ISBN 978-1472816092. 
  19. ↑ "Canadian Ferrets – All 124 listed by CAR / CFR – www.captainstevens.com" (in en-CA). https://captainstevens.com/military/mv/ferret-scout-car/canadian-ferrets-all-124-by-car/. 
  20. ↑ Defence Update (International). Defence Update G.m.b.H., 1984, 1984–85 Volume Collected Issues 48–58.
  21. ↑ "RHKR Equipment - Vehicle". The Royal Hong Kong Regiment (The Volunteers) Association. https://www.rhkr.org/equipment/vehicle.htm. 
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Christopher F. Foss (2001). Jane's Armour and Artillery (2002 ed.). Macdonald and Jane's Publishers Ltd. p. 260. ISBN 978-0710623096. 
  23. ↑ Fabrique - Daimler Ferret Mk.II. "Daimler Ferret Mk.II - Zoeken in de collectie - Nationaal Militair Museum". https://www.nmm.nl/zoeken-in-de-collectie/detail/270533/. 
  24. ↑ Keegan, John (1983). World Armies (Second ed.). Basingstoke: Palgrave-Macmillan. ISBN 978-0333340790. 
  25. ↑ "Lesakeng". South African Armour Museum. 2012-12-06. http://www.saarmourmuseum.co.za/lesakeng.html. 
  26. ↑ Simon Baynham (1992). Zimbabwe in transition (October 1992 ed.). Almqvist & Wiksell International. p. 240. ISBN 978-9122015086. 
  27. ↑ Jane's Armour and Artillery. Jane's Information Group. 1991. p. 253. ISBN 0710609647. 

Bibliography

  • International Institute for Strategic Studies (February 2021). The Military Balance 2021. 121. Routledge. ISBN 9781032012278. 

External links



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