Engineering:Kosmos 605
| Names | Bion 1 Biocosmos 1 Biokosmos 1 |
|---|---|
| Mission type | Bioscience |
| Operator | Institute of Biomedical Problems |
| COSPAR ID | 1973-083A [1] |
| SATCAT no. | 06913 |
| Mission duration | 21.5 days |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Spacecraft | Bion 1 |
| Spacecraft type | Bion |
| Manufacturer | TsSKB |
| Launch mass | 5,500 kg (12,100 lb) |
| Landing mass | 900 kg (2,000 lb) |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | 31 October 1973, 18:24:59 UTC |
| Rocket | Soyuz-U s/n A15000-004 |
| Launch site | Plesetsk, Site 43/3 |
| Contractor | TsSKB |
| End of mission | |
| Disposal | Recovered |
| Landing date | 22 November 1973, 07:12 UTC |
| Landing site | [ ⚑ ] 53°29′N 65°27′E / 53.483°N 65.45°E Sarykol, Kazakhstan, Soviet Union |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Geocentric orbit[2] |
| Regime | Low Earth orbit |
| Perigee altitude | 221 km (137 mi) |
| Apogee altitude | 424 km (263 mi) |
| Inclination | 62.80° |
| Period | 90.70 minutes |
Kosmos 605 (Russian: Космос 605), or Bion 1, was a Bion satellite. Kosmos 605 was the first of eleven Bion satellites.
Launch
Kosmos 605 was launched by a Soyuz-U rocket flying from Site 43/3 at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome in the Soviet Union. The satellite was initially launched in a low Earth orbit with a perigee of 221 km (137 mi) and an apogee of 424 km (263 mi) with an orbital inclination of 62.80° ant an orbital period of 90.70 minutes.[2]
Mission
The spacecraft orbited the Earth for 21 days until its biological capsule returned to Earth on 22 November 1973 in a region of northwestern Kazakhstan.[3] It carried several dozen male rats (possibly 25 [4] or 45 [5]), six Russian tortoises (Agrionemys horsfieldii) [1] (each in a separate box), a mushroom bed, flour beetles (Tribolium confusum[5]) in various stages of their life cycle, and living bacterial spores. It provided data on the reaction of mammal, reptile, insect, fungal, and bacterial forms to prolonged weightlessness.[1]
Results
After returning, the animals found several functional changes, such as decreased body temperature, difficulty breathing, muscle atrophy, decreased bone mechanical strength and decreased mass of some internal organs and glands. No pathological changes were found. 3–4 weeks after landing, most of these changes receded and the animals returned to normal. In the experiment, for the first time, a second generation of insects was obtained whose weightlessness was developed. No differences were detected between the second and the first generation. The influence of space conditions on the development of fungi was also found. Growing up in a weightless state, they created a very thin and extremely bent leg and a more massive mycelium than on Earth. Kosmos 605 also tested means of protection against ionizing radiation.[6]
See also
- 1973 in spaceflight
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Display: Bion 1 1974-083A". NASA. 14 May 2020. https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1973-083A.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Trajectory: Bion 1 1973-083A". NASA. 14 May 2020. https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/displayTrajectory.action?id=1973-083A. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ↑ Mark Wade. "Bion". Encyclopedia Astronautica. http://www.astronautix.com/craft/bion.htm.
- ↑ Brian Harvey; Olga Zakutnyaya (2011). Russian Space Probes. Springer. p. 448. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-8150-9. ISBN 978-1-4419-8149-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=q6qyVkapjeoC&pg=PA448.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "PowerPoint Presentation". 130.26.92.88. ftp://130.206.92.88/Espacio/Mesa%20Redonda%205%20-%20R5b%20-%20Academia%20de%20Ciencias%20de%20Rusia%20-%20M%20S%20BELAKOVSKIY.pdf.[yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
- ↑ Astronautyka. 73. Warsaw: Ossolineum. 1974.
Bibliography
- Kozlov, D. I. (1996), Mashnostroenie, ed.; Konstruirovanie avtomaticheskikh kosmicheskikh apparatov, Moscow, ISBN
- Melnik, T. G. (1997), Nauka, ed.; Voenno-Kosmicheskiy Sili, Moscow, ISBN
- "Bion' nuzhen lyudyam", Novosti Kosmonavtiki, (6): 35, 1996
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