Engineering:GCV Infantry Fighting Vehicle

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Artist's impression of the GCV Infantry Fighting Vehicle

The Ground Combat Infantry Fighting Vehicle was an infantry fighting vehicle being developed for the U.S. Army. The program originated as the lead vehicle of the U.S. Army's Ground Combat Vehicle program coordinated by TACOM and spawned a parallel program coordinated by DARPA. The purpose of the program was to replace existing armored personnel carriers and infantry fighting vehicles in U.S. Army service. The DARPA project aimed to have the vehicle designed by 2015.[1] Derivatives of the vehicle based on a common chassis—such as tanks and ambulances—were expected to be manufactured. It replaced the previous attempt at a next-generation infantry transport, the XM1206 Infantry Carrier Vehicle.[2] The Ground Combat Vehicle program was cancelled in February 2014.[3]

Design

The Army emphasized affordability, rapid deployment, and low risk technology for the GCV. The Army required that all aspects of the Ground Combat Vehicle be at technology readiness level 6.[4][5] The shortfalls of rapid deployment would be mitigated through an incremental addition of components as technology matures.[6] The Army provided details from the Manned Ground Vehicle effort to utilize on the GCV.[5] The GCV was required to have better protection than any vehicle in the military's inventory.[7]

General Peter W. Chiarelli said that the "four main fundamentals" of the vehicle were: The ability to carry 12 soldiers and operate in all forms of combat; have significant protection; and deliver the first production vehicle by 2018.[8]

The IFV would be modular and networked and offer improved survivability, mobility, and power management functions. The GCV family would use technologies pioneered with the IFV lead vehicle effort.[9]

Countermeasures

Thermal management and acoustic noise reduction would be utilized to avoid detection. The vehicle would be able to avoid threats by laying obscurants. An array of hit avoidance systems would be leveraged and the Army offered the various active protection systems developed for the manned ground vehicle program.[7] The GCV enabled the detection and neutralization of mines at standoff ranges.[10] The vehicle was also to be equipped with an engagement detection system. The Army required the IFV to have the passive blast protection level equal to the MRAP.[11] The Army made available the composition of the armor of the manned ground vehicle program. A transparent armor shield would provide protection for the vehicle commander when exposed through the turret. Personnel would leverage harnesses and restraints to mitigate trauma. In addition, a Vehicle Health Management System would provide vehicle diagnostic monitoring systems for commanders. A fire suppression system and ammunition detonation protection would be utilized for damage control.[7]

The Mounted Soldier System would protect crew members from ballistic, thermal, and CBRN threats. The Mounted Soldier System incorporated fire retardant systems such as the Improved Combat Vehicle Crewman Coverall and undergarments, facewear, gloves, and footwear. Ballistic protection would come from the Combat Vehicle Crewman Helmet, eyewear, a maxillofacial shield, and improvements to body armor.[12] A secondary squad egress was to be provided for the squad to exit in emergencies.[7]

Development

The Ground Combat Vehicle was envisioned to be a model of acquisition reform.[13]

Initial program

IFV schedule as of January 2010
The German Puma is one of the best protected infantry fighting vehicles

In the initial plan, the first variant of the vehicle was to be prototyped in 2015 and fielded by 2017.[14] The U.S. military planned on procuring 1,450 IFVs at a total program cost of $40 billion.[15] The program was abruptly canceled in August 2010, before any contracts were awarded.[16]

Conception
Vice Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army General Peter Chiarelli hosts the second Industry Day meeting

An Army presentation in March revealed that TARDEC, ARL, and TRADOC-ARCIC had partnered to analyze the survivability of the army's "Ground Combat Vehicle".[17] Army Chief of Staff Robert Gates announced his intention of halting funding for the XM1206 Infantry Carrier Vehicle of the FCS manned ground vehicle program in April 2009.[18] In late May, Army and Department of Defense representatives outlined plans for the cancellation of Future Combat Systems and the initiation of the Ground Combat Vehicle program in its place.[19] On 15 and 16 June, a blue-ribbon panel convened in Washington D.C. to determine the requirements for the Ground Combat Vehicle.[20] It was concluded at this meeting that an Infantry Fighting Vehicle was to be the first vehicle variant fielded.[21] Defense contractors were not allowed to attend but at least six in attendance were employed by defense companies that eventually bid on the GCV contract.[22] On 23 June, Future Combat Systems was formally dissolved and many programs including the Manned Ground Vehicle program were canceled with it.[23] On 19 October, contractors turned up for a U.S. Army organized industry day event in Dearborn, Michigan to learn about the requirements.[24] In late October PEO Integration[yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}] was established to oversee subsystems of BCT Modernization including the GCV.[25] On 24 November, a second industry day was held in Warren, Michigan.[26]

After much delay, reviews necessary for continuation were held throughout February, in Washington D.C.[27] The GCV review was officially passed on 25 February and a request for proposal (RfP) was issued the same day.[28] It was revealed in the RfP that the GCV would be a cost-plus contract.[29] Companies had 60 days to respond, but this offer was extended an additional 25 days.[28][30] In May, a "red team" was formed to curtail the GCVs 7-year development schedule.[31] By the 21 May deadline, four proposals were submitted.[32] On 1 July, management of the GCV was transferred from PEO Integration to PEO Ground Combat Systems with Andrew DiMarco as project manager.[33]

For fiscal year 2011, the U.S. Army intended to spend $934 million of the $2.5 billion allocated for BCT Modernization to develop the GCV.[34] Reportedly, $100 million was removed from the yet to be approved budget but the budget continued to reported as $934 million.[35]

On 25 August the Army retracted its request for proposals after the red team assembled in May recommended that the Army either upgrade the existing ground vehicle fleet or rewrite the requirements.[16]

Projections

The Technology Development Phase (or Milestone A) was to begin with the award of up to three vehicle contracts awarded in late Fiscal Year 2010 under the Technology Development Phase Contract. A Preliminary Design Review would follow in mid FY 2012.[14] The U.S. military planned to spend $7.6 billion during Milestone A.[36]

The Engineering and Manufacturing Development Phase (or Milestone B) was to begin with two prototype development contracts awarded in the beginning of Fiscal Year 2013 under the Engineering & Manufacturing Development Contract. Shortly thereafter, an Interim Critical Design Review would follow in Mid-FY 2013. After a nearly two-year manufacturing period the first prototypes would be manufactured Mid-FY 2015 after which a Critical Design Review and a Production Readiness Review would occur in FY 2015 and FY 2016 respectively.[14]

The Low Rate Initial Production Phase (or Milestone C) was to begin with a low-rate production contract awarded in mid Fiscal Year 2016 under the Low Rate Initial Production (LRIP) contract. Less than two years after the contract award LRIP would begin. After more testing a battalion-sized team would be attained in FY 2018 followed by a brigade-sized arsenal in FY 2019.[14]

If a Full-Rate Production Decision was attained, full-rate production would begin. The U.S. military planned on procuring 1,450 IFVs at a total program cost of $40 billion.[14][15]

Competitors

There were four known competing contractors for the Ground Combat Vehicle contract.

Concept image of BAE contender
  • BAE Systems, Northrop Grumman, QinetiQ and Saft Group were working jointly on development.[37] The program was managed by Mark Signorelli.[38][39] The team believed it could field the vehicle up to two years sooner than projected.[40] Development cost were "tens of millions of dollars".[41]
  • BAE would provide general vehicle design, program management, integration of the vehicle components.
  • Northrop Grumman would provide technology pertaining to command, control, communications, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance.
  • QinetiQ would provide the electric drive propulsion system.
  • Saft would provide the energy storage system.
  • Features
  • Tracked with an E-X-Drive hybrid-electric engine.[39]
  • Baseline weight of 53 tons with a weight tolerance of 75 tons for modular armor.[42]
  • Manned turret.[42]
  • Leveraged a V-hull and Hard-Kill and Soft-Kill active protection systems.[43][44]
  • Wider and taller than a Bradley. All or most of the storage was internal accounting for the extra size.[43]
  • General Dynamics Land Systems led the team as systems integrator and was responsible for soldier interfaces and chassis.
  • Lockheed Martin would develop the turret and weaponry.
  • Detroit Diesel would develop the propulsion system.
  • Raytheon would develop the active protection systems, sensors.
  • Features
  • Used conventional diesel.[38]
  • Used active protection systems.[45]
  • Designers “paid a lot attention” to human accommodations.[46]
  • SAIC led a consortium called Team Full Spectrum which included Boeing, Krauss-Maffei and Rheinmetall.[40] The SAIC consortium is using a derivative of the Puma.[47]
  • SAIC would lead the team as project manager.
  • Boeing would supply the weaponry.
  • Both Krauss-Maffei and Rheinmetall's roles were unknown.
  • Features
  • Larger, reconfigured Puma chassis.[47]
  • Used conventional diesel and a six-road-wheel configuration.[38]
  • Advanced Defense Vehicle Systems (ADVS) submitted its wheeled proposal which was rejected for being non-compliant. A protest was filed by the company and assessed and ruled upon by September 27.[32] After cancellation of the RfP, ADVS withdrew its protest.[1]
  • ADVS led the team.
  • Had undisclosed subcontractors.
  • Features

Revised program

In September, Alion Science and Technology was awarded a $23,828,000 contract modification for the development of systems supporting GCV development. This contract was tendered by the U.S. Air Force and $2.18 million in funds was obligated at the time of the award.[49] An industry day was held in October in Dearborn, Michigan.[50] The Army reduced its requested FY 2011 budget to $462 million.[8] Advanced Defense Vehicle Systems, General Dynamics Land Systems, and BAE Systems announced their intention of re-competing soon after the cancellation.[1][51]

The revised RfP was issued in November. ADVS announced that it would not submit a proposal due to the program's extended timeline.[52]

Up to three cost-plus contracts were to be awarded nine months after the RfP was released.[16][53] An acquisition decision memorandum on 17 August allowed the program to award technology development contracts. It also initiated two reviews of alternatives including a revised analysis of alternatives and an analysis of non-developmental vehicles.[54] In August, the Army awarded technology development contracts to only BAE and GDLS. BAE was awarded $450 million while GDLS was awarded $440 million.[55] SAIC followed up with a bid protest later that month.[56] SAIC said it believed the evaluations process was flawed and the evaluation took factors into consideration that were not stated in the request for proposal.[57]

Projections

The Army requested $884 million to fund the GCV in FY 2012.[58] The technology development phase was to be a 24 months long, 3 months shorter than the previous plan.[59] The Engineering and Manufacturing Development phase was to be 48 months long.[60] The Army planned on acquiring 1,874 GCVs to replace Bradleys in 16 active and 8 National Guard Heavy Brigade Combat Teams.[61]

Milestone A
Namer APC during Non-Developmental Vehicle assessment
A CV-9035 demonstrator vehicle for the Non-Developmental Vehicle assessment

Testing of commercially available combat vehicles began in May 2012 at Fort Bliss and White Sands Missile Range to prepare the Army for Milestone B. The Non-Developmental Vehicle analysis assessed five vehicles, the M2A3 Bradley, Namer, CV-9035, a double v-hulled M1126 Infantry Carrier Vehicle and a turretless Bradley. The tests, completed on May 25, were carried out to determine what vehicle variants and configurations fulfill the Army's needs.[62] The Army found that although the vehicles assessed met some GCV requirements, no currently fielded vehicle met enough without needing significant redesign.[63]

Competitors

There were three known competing contractors for the Ground Combat Vehicle contract.

Milestone C

A Milestone C decision could have been made in 2019.[64]

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Chad Halcom (26 September 2010). "Contractors to resubmit bids for revamped military vehicle program". Crain Communications Inc.. http://www.crainsdetroit.com/article/20100926/SUB01/309269952/contractors-to-resubmit-bids-for-revamped-military-vehicle-program. Retrieved 27 September 2010. 
  2. ↑ "Army Partially Terminates FCS Manned Ground Vehicle". asdnews.com. July 21, 2009. http://www.asdnews.com/news/21975/Army_Partially_Terminates_FCS_Manned_Ground_Vehicle.htm. Retrieved January 27, 2010. 
  3. ↑ US Army, Marines Struggle With Infantry Vehicle Replacements - Defensenews.com, 6 April 2014
  4. ↑ Greg Grant (March 5, 2010). "Army Wants Tough GCV Battle". Military Advantage. http://www.dodbuzz.com/2010/03/05/army-wants-tough-gcv-competition/. Retrieved 11 August 2010. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Ground Combat Vehicle Infantry Fighting Vehicle Statement of Work". United States Army. March 15, 2009. http://contracting.tacom.army.mil/majorsys/gcv/attach/Attch%200001_GCV%20IFV%20Statement%20of%20Work_RFP%20Amendments.pdf. Retrieved April 7, 2010. [yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
  6. ↑ "The ground combat vehicle strategy: Optimizing for the future". U.S. Army. Archived from the original on April 30, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110430044607/http://www.bctmod.army.mil/GCV_focus/GCV%20Narrative.pdf. Retrieved December 14, 2009. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 MT Kash. "Industry day #1". http://contracting.tacom.army.mil/majorsys/gcv/ID_1_Master_19Oct091.pptx. Retrieved 19 September 2010. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Kate Brannen (22 September 2010). "Fewer FCS Technologies for GCV Round Two". Army Times Publishing Company. http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=4787151&c=LAN&s=TOP. Retrieved 23 September 2010. [|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
  9. ↑ "U.S. Army Defines Ground Combat Vehicles (GCV) Priorities". Defense Update. http://defense-update.com/newscast/0909/news/220909_ground_combat_vehicle.html. Retrieved March 29, 2010. 
  10. ↑ "Towards a Comprehensive Vehicle Strategy". 13 October 2009. http://www.dtic.mil/ndia/2009combatvehicle/GeneralVane.pdf. 
  11. ↑ "U.S. Army Outlines Ground Combat Vehicles Priorities". Defense update. http://defense-update.com/features/2010/january/gcv_army_details_100110.html. Retrieved January 26, 2010. 
  12. ↑ "Mounted Soldier System (MSS)". May 2010. https://peosoldier.army.mil/FactSheets/PMSWAR/SWAR_MSS_MSS.pdf. Retrieved 9 August 2010. 
  13. ↑ "Ground Combat Requires an Adaptable, Versatile Vehicle". August 2010. http://www.bctmod.army.mil/GCV_focus/Case%20for%20%20GCV.pdf. Retrieved 17 August 2010. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 "GCV PROGRAM PLAN". 29 January 2010. http://contracting.tacom.army.mil/majorsys/gcv/attach/Attch%200008_GCV%20Program%20Schedule.pdf. Retrieved 5 August 2010. [yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Megan Scully (4 August 2010). "Panel rejects bid to divert funds for Bradley upgrades". NATIONAL JOURNAL GROUP, INC.. http://www.govexec.com/dailyfed/0810/080410cdam2.htm. Retrieved 4 August 2010. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 John T. Bennett; Kate Brannen (26 August 2010). "Army delays Ground Combat Vehicle". Army Times Publishing Company. http://www.armytimes.com/news/2010/08/DN_army-army-delays-gcv-082510/. Retrieved 26 August 2010. 
  17. ↑ "Advanced Planning Briefing to Industry". 19 March 2009. https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:f8sj5VSJUt8J:contracting.tacom.army.mil/future_buys/FY09/Bochenek.pdf+%22Ground+Combat+Vehicle%22&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEEShNA_mYsS0QLPUy6mlU7dIQhZ75P0JumKgbBYNYLZKyyuR3OtO6FnP85UAZkyS4Wg-DlWiM5Q1Ury6YGHaTd_YLa7pdTKUgEmIropLrNIDgUvMukH_oVX5y-_3jk9--p5YHuw4B&sig=AHIEtbQ612_P5ABuC4aXPAfDoQyKJIxHMw. Retrieved 26 October 2010. 
  18. ↑ Marc Heller (10 April 2009). "McHugh nervous about changes". Watertown Daily Times. http://www.watertowndailytimes.com/article/20090410/NEWS02/304109961. Retrieved 9 August 2010. 
  19. ↑ Daniel Wasserbly (28 May 2009). "US Army outlines how it will 'devolve' FCS". IHS Global Limited. http://www.janes.com/news/defence/jdw/jdw090528_1_n.shtml. Retrieved 9 August 2010. 
  20. ↑ Cavallaro, Gina (June 11, 2009). "Panel to discuss new ground combat vehicle". Army Times. Army Times Publishing Company. http://www.armytimes.com/news/2009/06/army_ground_combat_vehicle_061109w/. Retrieved December 14, 2009. 
  21. ↑ Matthew Cox (10 June 2009). "U.S. Army Details Ground Combat Vehicle Plans". Army Times. http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=4271063. Retrieved 20 August 2010. [|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
  22. ↑ Bryan Bender (26 December 2010). "Home / News / Nation The Boston Globe From the Pentagon to the private sector". New York Times. http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2010/12/26/defense_firms_lure_retired_generals/?page=3. Retrieved 26 December 2010. 
  23. ↑ "Future Combat System (FCS) Program Transitions to Army Brigade Combat Team Modernization", US DoD, 23 June 2009.
  24. ↑ "U.S. Army Announces Ground Combat Vehicle Industry Day". US Army. October 2009. Archived from the original on 2011-04-30. https://web.archive.org/web/20110430044617/http://www.bctmod.army.mil/news/pdf/GCV_Industry_Day.pdf. 
  25. ↑ Jimmie Cummings (2 October 2009). "Army Establishes Program Executive Office Integration to Support Modernization". http://www.army.mil/-news/2009/10/02/28280-army-establishes-program-executive-office-integration-to-support-modernization/. Retrieved 11 August 2010. 
  26. ↑ Nelson, Margaret (November 25, 2009). "U.S. Army meets with industry representatives to conceive a ground combat vehicle". US Army. US Army. http://www.army.mil/-news/2009/11/25/31026-us-army-meets-with-industry-representatives-to-conceive-a-ground-combat-vehicle. 
  27. ↑ Brannen, Kate (February 11, 2010). "DoD Postpones Ground Combat Vehicle Review". Defense News. http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=4494373&c=AME&s=LAN. Retrieved February 11, 2010. 
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Brannen, Kate (February 25, 2010). "Army to issue Ground Combat Vehicle RfP today". Defense News. http://www.armytimes.com/news/2010/02/defense_army_gcv_rfp_022510w/. Retrieved February 25, 2010. 
  29. ↑ Kate Brannen (26 February 2010). "Army launches Ground Combat Vehicle contest". Army Times Publishing Company. http://www.armytimes.com/news/2010/02/army_dn022610_GCV_web/. Retrieved 1 October 2010. 
  30. ↑ White, Andrew (19 April 2010). "US Army delays GCV deadline". Shephard. Shephard Group Limited. http://www.shephard.co.uk/news/landwarfareintl-com/us-army-delays-gcv-deadline/6155/. Retrieved 19 April 2010. 
  31. ↑ Kate Brannen (10 May 2010). "Experts Study U.S. Army's GCV Plans, Schedule". Army Times Publishing Company. http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=4619649. Retrieved 11 November 2010. 
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 Kate Brannen. "U.S. Army GCV Protest Not Expected to Cause Delay". Army Times. http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=4679299&c=AME&s=LAN. Retrieved 23 June 2010. 
  33. ↑ Lori Grein (July 27, 2010). "The future of ground combat vehicles resides with PEO Ground Combat Systems". GlobalSecurity.org. http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2010/07/mil-100727-arnews05.htm. Retrieved 11 August 2010. 
  34. ↑ Cox, Matthew (February 1, 2010). "No more Humvees in 2011 procurement plan". Army Times. Army Times Publishing Company. http://www.armytimes.com/news/2010/02/army_procurement_020110w/. Retrieved February 2, 2010. 
  35. ↑ Roxana Tiron (27 July 2010). "House panel risks veto by supporting funds for second F-35 fighter engine". Capitol Hill Publishing Corp.. http://thehill.com/news-by-subject/defense-homeland-security/111145-house-panel-risks-veto-by-supporting-second-f-35-engine. Retrieved 28 July 2010. 
  36. ↑ Roxana Tiron (6 August 2010). "Contractors vie for lucrative vehicle work". Capitol Hill Publishing Corp.. http://thehill.com/business-a-lobbying/112959-top-contractors-vie-for-lucrative-vehicle-work. Retrieved 6 August 2010. 
  37. ↑ "BAE, Northrop to develop new ground combat vehicle". BusinessWeek. March 1, 2010. http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9E62TB00.htm. 
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 Sydney J. Freedberg Jr.. "BAE Offers Hybrid-Electric Combat Vehicle". National Journal Group Inc. http://www.nationaljournal.com/defense/2010/06/bae-offers-hybridelectric.php. Retrieved 18 June 2010.  [|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 "BAE, Northrop expand team to bid on Army contract". Bloomberg L.P.. 26 July 2010. http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9H6UDBO2.htm. Retrieved 27 July 2010. 
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 Scott R. Gourley (August 2010). "Ground Combat Vehicle". AUSA. http://www.ausa.org/publications/armymagazine/archive/2010/8/Documents/SA_0810.pdf. Retrieved 21 August 2010. 
  41. ↑ Andrea Shalal-Esa (22 October 2010). "Army sees new rules for combat vehicles soon". Thomson Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE69L55W20101022. Retrieved 23 October 2010. 
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 Kate Brannen (26 July 2010). "Firm wants Army to use hybrid technology on GCV". Army Times Publishing Company. http://www.armytimes.com/news/2010/07/army_gcv_hybrid_electric_072610w/. Retrieved 27 July 2010. 
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 Michael Fabey (28 July 2010). "BAE-Northrop GCV Hybrid Drive A Gamble". The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_channel.jsp?channel=defense&id=news/asd/2010/07/28/06.xml&headline=BAE-Northrop%20GCV%20Hybrid%20Drive%20A%20Gamble. Retrieved 28 July 2010. [yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
  44. ↑ Colin Clark (28 July 2010). "BAE's GCV Weighs 53 Tons, Hybrid". Military Advantage. 
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 "General Dynamics Team Submits Army Ground Combat Vehicle Proposal". PR Newswire Association LLC.. http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/general-dynamics-team-submits-army-ground-combat-vehicle-proposal-94578069.html. Retrieved 21 May 2010. 
  46. ↑ Paul Mcleary (28 October 2010). "Waiting for the Ground Combat Vehicle". http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/blogs/defense/index.jsp?plckController=Blog&plckBlogPage=BlogViewPost&newspaperUserId=27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a-01329aef79a7&plckPostId=Blog%3A27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a-01329aef79a7Post%3A945ac87c-0f86-4806-b5cf-8b45a959ad18&plckScript=blogScript&plckElementId=blogDest. Retrieved 3 November 2010. 
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 47.2 White, Andrew. "GCV shortlist revealed". Shephard Group Limited.. http://www.shephard.co.uk/news/landwarfareint/gcv-shortlist-revealed/6378/. Retrieved 21 May 2010. 
  48. ↑ "Michigan Company Protests Rejection Of Its Wheeled GCV Bid". Inside Washington Publishers. June 28, 2010. https://defensenewsstand.com/Inside-the-Army/Inside-the-Army-06/28/2010/menu-id-288.html. Retrieved 6 August 2010. 
  49. ↑ "Contracts". 29 September 2010. http://www.defense.gov/contracts/contract.aspx?contractid=4377. Retrieved 30 September 2010. 
  50. ↑ Kate Brannen (5 October 2010). "U.S. Army to Set Out Tiered Requirements for GCV". Army Times Publishing Company. http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=4826208&c=LAN&s=TOP. Retrieved 26 October 2010. [|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
  51. ↑ Chad Halcom (27 August 2010). "Military vehicle maker drops protest, will try again for government contracts". Crain Communications Inc.. http://www.crainsdetroit.com/article/20100827/FREE/100829898. Retrieved 30 August 2010. 
  52. ↑ Kate Brannen (18 January 2011). "4th GCV team withdraws from competition". Gannett Government Media Corporation. http://www.armytimes.com/news/2011/08/defense-gcv-gets-go-ahead-081811/. Retrieved 19 January 2011. 
  53. ↑ "10--Ground Combat Vehicle Technology Development Phase Solicitation". 8 October 2010. https://www.fbo.gov/index?s=opportunity&mode=form&tab=core&id=3ca68abe44eae4d617512b7057977a18&_cview=0. Retrieved 16 October 2010. 
  54. ↑ Kate Brannen (18 August 2011). "GCV moves ahead, but more studies ordered". Gannett Government Media Corporation. http://www.armytimes.com/news/2011/08/defense-gcv-gets-go-ahead-081811/. Retrieved 11 September 2011. 
  55. ↑ Kate Brannen (18 August 2011). "BAE, GD awarded Ground Combat Vehicle contracts". Gannett Government Media Corporation. http://www.armytimes.com/news/2011/08/defense-army-gcv-contract-winners-announced-081811/. Retrieved 11 September 2011. 
  56. ↑ Roxana Tiron and Brendan McGarry (26 August 2011). "SAIC-Led Team Protests U.S. Army Combat Vehicle Contracts". Bloomberg L.P. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-08-26/saic-boeing-team-said-to-protest-army-combat-vehicle-contracts.html. Retrieved 11 September 2011. 
  57. ↑ Paul McLeary (29 August 2011). "U.S. Ground Combat Vehicle Work Put On Hold". Bloomberg L.P. http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_channel.jsp?channel=defense&id=news/asd/2011/08/30/07.xml&headline=U.S.%20Ground%20Combat%20Vehicle%20Work%20Put%20On%20Hold. Retrieved 11 September 2011. [yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
  58. ↑ Kate Brannen (15 February 2011). "Army seeks 30 percent less for overseas ops". Gannett Government Media Corporation. http://www.armytimes.com/news/2011/02/defense-army-overseas-ops-budget-021411/. Retrieved 15 February 2011. 
  59. ↑ Kate Brannen (22 September 2010). "U.S. Army To Host GCV Industry Day Oct. 1". Army Times Publishing Company. http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=4787079&c=LAN&s=TOP. Retrieved 22 September 2010. [|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
  60. ↑ "GCV Industry Day". 1 October 2010. http://contracting.tacom.army.mil/majorsys/gcv/GCV%20Industry%20Day%20Brief%20Oct%2010%20Charts.pdf. Retrieved 13 November 2010. 
  61. ↑ BAE offers 70-ton GCV - Armytimes.com, March 27, 2012
  62. ↑ Ashley Piper (21 May 2012). "Army assesses current vehicles as part of Ground Combat Vehicle development process". Army News. http://www.army.mil/article/80185/The_Desert_Heats_Up_as_GCV_Kicks_Off_Non_Developmental_Vehicle__NDV__Assessments/. Retrieved 8 June 2012. 
  63. ↑ Army, industry slam CBO’s scathing GCV report - DoDBuzz.com, April 4, 2013
  64. ↑ Cox, Matt (February 21, 2013). "Army: GCV Needs to Be Big and Tracked". DefenseTech. http://defensetech.org/2013/02/21/army-gcv-needs-to-be-big-and-tracked/. Retrieved February 26, 2013. 




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