Engineering:HAL HPT-32 Deepak
| HPT-32 | |
|---|---|
| |
| A HPT-32 in an Indian Air Force Air Base | |
| Role | Primary trainer |
| National origin | India |
| Manufacturer | Hindustan Aeronautics Limited |
| Designer | Aircraft Research & Development Center (HAL) |
| First flight | 6 January 1977[1] |
| Introduction | 1984[2] |
| Retired | 2009[2] |
| Primary user | Indian Air Force Indian Naval Air Arm |
| Produced | 1977-1993[citation needed] |
| Developed into | HAL HTT-40 |
The HAL HPT-32 Deepak ("lamp" in Sanskrit) is an Indian prop-driven primary trainer manufactured by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited. It has two seats in side-by-side configuration.
Operational history
The Deepak is used for primary training, observation, liaison and target towing.
When it flies upside-down fuel flows from a collector tank in the fuselage and the inverted flight is limited to 1 min. Deepak has a theoretical glide ratio of 8.5:1. The IAF and HAL are looking into new safety systems such as Ballistic Recovery Systems to enable it to descend safely in the event of an engine failure. On 16 May 2010 the IAF cleared the installation of a parachute recovery system.[3] The HPT-32 aircraft has been replaced by the Pilatus PC-7 Mk II in the IAF, as its workhorse as a Basic Trainer Aircraft (BTA) in 2013.
Accidents
In 17 Deepak crashes so far, 19 pilots have died.[4] The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India has been reported as saying the aircraft is "technologically outdated and beset by flight safety hazards" when discussing the grounding of the fleet in 2009.[5] HAL HTT-40 is going replace HAL HPT-32 Deepak as primary trainer.[6]
Versions
- HPT-32
- Basic version.
- HTT-34
- Turboprop version, powered by 310 kW (420 shp) Allison 250-B17D engine. First flew on 17 June 1984.[7]
Operators
India
- Indian Air Force 144 for basic training[2]
- Indian Navy[1] 8 for basic training
Specifications (HPT-32)
Data from Jane's Aircraft Recognition Guide [8]
General characteristics
- Crew: 2: student, instructor
- Length: 25 ft 4 in (7.7 m)
- Wingspan: 31 ft 2 in (9.5 m)
- Height: 9 ft 7 in (2.9 m)
- Wing area: 15.0 m² (162 ft² [9])
- Empty weight: 2,280 lb (1,034 kg)
- Max takeoff weight: 2,915 lb (1,322 kg)
- Powerplant: 1× Lycoming AEO-540-D4B5 piston engine, 260 hp (194 kW)
Performance
- Maximum speed: 175 mph (281 km/h)
- Range: 755 nm (1,400 km)
Armament
Four hardpoints; 255 kg warload; machine gun pods; bombs; rockets
See also
Related HAL development:
- HAL HTT-40
- HAL HUL-26 Pushpak
- HAL HT-2
Comparable or Related Basic Trainers:
- Pilatus P-3
- Beechcraft T-34 Mentor
- PAC CT/4 Airtrainer
- North American T-28 Trojan
References
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Taylor 1996, p. 401
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "HAL HPT-32 Deepak". https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/aircraft/specs/hpt32-deepak/.
- ↑ "IAF gives nod for HPT-32 revival". The Hindu. May 16, 2010. http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article431223.ece.
- ↑ Shukla, Ajai (5 April 2010). "Scrabbling for solutions". Business Standard India. http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/scrabbling-for-solutions/390823/.
- ↑ "Crashes, engine failures ground IAF trainer aircraft - Thaindian News". http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/crashes-engine-failures-ground-iaf-trainer-aircraft_100240304.html.
- ↑ Dutta, Amrita Nayak (2022-10-18). "Made in India Takes Off: Intermediate Jet Trainer HJT-36 to be Certified Soon, HAL Eyes Export of HTT-40" (in en). https://www.news18.com/news/india/made-in-india-takes-off-intermediate-jet-trainer-hjt-36-to-be-certified-soon-hal-eyes-export-of-htt-40-6191113.html.
- ↑ Lambert 1990, p. 198
- ↑ Rendall, David (1995). Jane's Aircraft Recognition Guide. Glasgow, UK: HarperCollinsPublishers. pp. 505. ISBN 0-00-4709802. https://archive.org/details/janesaircraftrec0000rend/page/505.
- ↑ Taylor 1999, p.433
Bibliography
- Lambert, Mark, ed (1990). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1990–91. Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Defence Data. ISBN 0-7106-0908-6.
- Taylor, Michael J. H. (1996). Brassey's World Aircraft & Systems Directory. London, England: Brassey's. ISBN 1-85753-198-1. https://archive.org/details/brasseysworldair0000unse.
- Taylor, M.J.H. (ed,). Brassey's World Aircraft Systems Directory 1999/2000 Edition. London: Brassey's, 1999. ISBN:1-85753-245-7.
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