Medicine:Corpulence index
The Corpulence Index (CI) (also Ponderal Index (PI) or Rohrer's Index) is a measure of corpulence, or of leanness in other variants, of a person[1] calculated as a relationship between mass and height.[2] It was first proposed in 1921 as the "Corpulence measure" by Swiss physician Fritz Rohrer[3][4] and hence is also known as Rohrer's Index.[5] It is similar to the body mass index, but the mass is normalized with the third power of body height rather than the second power.[6] In 2015, Sultan Babar showed that CI does not need to be adjusted for height after adolescence.[4][6]
- [math]\displaystyle{ \mathrm{CI} = \frac{\mathrm{mass}}{\mathrm{height}^3} }[/math]
with [math]\displaystyle{ \mathrm{mass} }[/math] in kilograms and [math]\displaystyle{ \mathrm{height} }[/math] in metres, giving a measure with the same dimensions as density. The corpulence index yields valid results even for very short and very tall persons,[7] which is a problem with BMI — for example, an ideal body weight for a person 152.4 cm tall (48 kg) will render BMI of 20.7 and CI of 13.6, while for a person 200 cm tall (99 kg), the BMI will be 24.8, very close to the "overweight" threshold of 25, while CI will be 12.4.[8]
Because of this property, it is most commonly used in pediatrics.[9][10] (For a baby, one can take crown-heel length for the height.[11]) The normal values for infants are about twice as high as for adults, which is the result of their relatively short legs.[citation needed] It does not need to be adjusted for age after adolescence.[6] It has also been shown to have a lower false positive rate in athletes.[12]
The corpulence index is variously defined (the first definition should be preferred due to the use of SI-units kg and m) as follows:
| Formula | Units | Values considered normal or typical | |
|---|---|---|---|
| for a 12-month-old infant | beyond infancy | ||
| [math]\displaystyle{ \text{CI}=\frac{\mathrm{mass}}{\mathrm{height}^3} }[/math][9][10] | kg/m3 | 24[9] | 12[6] |
| [math]\displaystyle{ \text{CI}=\frac{\mathrm{height}}{\sqrt[3]{\mathrm{mass}}} }[/math][1][13] | inch * pound -1/3 | 12.49 to 13.92 | |
Significance
- It plays a role in assessing whether the intrauterine growth restriction of a child is symmetrical or asymmetrical.[14]
- CI has been shown to have higher sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values than body mass index for determining adiposity.[6]
- It is used to calculate ectomorphy in the Heath–Carter formula.[15][16]
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Foods and Nutrition Encyclopedia, Audrey H. Ensminger, Marion Eugene Ensminger. p. 1645
- ↑ EXSS 323: LAB 1 - BIOMECHANICS TOOLS: Computers, Algebra and Trig Oregon State University
- ↑ F. Rohrer (1921). "Der Index der Körperfülle als Maß des Ernährungszustandes". Münchner Med. WSCHR 68: 580–582.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Moortel, Koen Van de. "Multidirectional regression analysis". https://www.academia.edu/46810295.
- ↑ "What is the Ponderal Index? (With pictures)". http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-the-ponderal-index.htm.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Babar, Sultan (March 2015). "Evaluating the Performance of 4 Indices in Determining Adiposity". Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins)) 25 (2): 183. http://journals.lww.com/cjsportsmed/Citation/2015/03000/American_Medical_Society_for_Sports_Medicine_2015.18.aspx. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
- ↑ Lawrence F. Ditmier: New Developments in Obesity Research. Nova Science Publishers, Hauppauge, New York 2006, ISBN:1-60021-296-4[page needed]
- ↑ v Roth, Jonathan (2018). "Taller people should have Higher BMI's and Blood Pressure Measurements as their Normal". Biomed J Sci & Tech Res 6 (4). doi:10.26717/BJSTR.2018.06.001381. https://biomedres.us/pdfs/BJSTR.MS.ID.001381.pdf.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Davies, D. P. (1980). "Size at birth and growth in the first year of life of babies who are overweight and underweight at birth". Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 39 (1): 25–33. doi:10.1079/PNS19800005. PMID 6988835.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 ACC/SCN NUTRITION POLICY PAPER No. 19 - Glossary by Lindsay H. Allen and Stuart R. Gillespie
- ↑ Fayyaz, Jabeen (June 2005). "Ponderal Index". Journal of Pakistan Medical Association 55 (6): 228–9. PMID 16045088. http://www.jpma.org.pk/full_article_text.php?article_id=750.
- ↑ Babar, Sultan (March 2016). "The Use of Adiposity Indices for Wide Receivers From 2015 NFL Combine". Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins) 2) 26 (2): e23. http://journals.lww.com/cjsportsmed/Fulltext/2016/03000/AMSSM_Research_Abstract_Oral_Poster_Presentations.17.aspx. Retrieved April 30, 2016.
- ↑ "Ponderal Index (Corpulence Index) Calculator". https://captaincalculator.com/health/weight/ponderal-index-calculator/.
- ↑ Khoury, MJ; Berg, CJ; Calle, EE (September 1990). "The ponderal index in term newborn siblings.". American Journal of Epidemiology 132 (3): 576–83. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115694. PMID 2389761.
- ↑ Norton, Kevin; Olds, Tim (1996). Anthropometrica: A Textbook of Body Measurement for Sports and Health Courses. Australian Sports Commission; UNSW Press. ISBN 978-0868402239.
- ↑ Rempel, R (1994). A Modified Somatotype Assessment Methodology. Simon Fraser University. ISBN 978-0-612-06785-1.
External links
- Online Ponderal Index Calculator, which uses the first definition.
- Ponderal Index Calculator, which uses metric values. (English site)
- Ponderal Index Calculator, which uses metric values. (German site)
- Android App for Corpulence Index
- Apple app for Corpulence Index
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