Earth:List of possible impact structures on Earth
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According to the Planetary and Space Science Centre (PASSC) at the University of New Brunswick in Canada, there are 190 confirmed impact structures on Earth. Each is recorded in a database called the Earth Impact Database (EID).[1]
List of confirmed and possible impact structures
The following tables list geological features on Earth that are known impact events as well as possible, but for which there is currently no confirming scientific evidence in the peer-reviewed literature, impact events. In order for a structure to be confirmed as an impact crater, it must meet a stringent set of well-established criteria. Some proposed impact structures are likely to eventually be confirmed, whereas others are likely to be shown to have been misidentified (see below). Recent extensive surveys have been done for Australian (2005),[2] African (2014),[3] and South American (2015)[4] craters, as well as those in the Arab world (2016).[5] A book review by A. Crósta and U. Reimold disputes some of the evidence presented for several of the South American structures.[6]
Overview
Russia's Lake Cheko is thought by one research group to be the result of the famous Tunguska event, although sediments in the lake have been dated back more than 5,000 years. There is highly speculative conjecture about the supposed Sirente impact (c. 320 ± 90 AD) having caused the Roman emperor Constantine's vision at Milvian Bridge.[328][better source needed]
The Burckle crater and Umm al Binni structure are proposed to be behind the floods that affected Sumerian civilization.[329][330] The Kachchh impact may have been witnessed by the Harappan civilization and mentioned as a fireball in Sanskrit texts.[331]
Shortly after the Hiawatha Crater was discovered, researchers suggested that the impact could have occurred as late as ~12,800 years ago, leading some to associate it with the controversial Younger Dryas impact hypothesis (YDIH).[332] James Kennett, a leading advocate of the YDIH said, "I'd unequivocally predict that this crater is the same age as the Younger Dryas."[333]
These claims were criticised by other scholars. According to impact physicist Mark Boslough writing for Skeptical Inquirer the first reports of the impact released by science journalist Paul Voosen focused on this being a young crater which according to Boslough "set the tone for virtually all the media reporting to follow". Boslough argued, based on evidence and statistical probability, that once the crater has been drilled and researched "it will turn out to be much older." He complained that this important discovery "was tainted by connections to a widely discredited hypothesis and speculations that did not make it through peer review".[333][334] The YDIH has since been refuted comprehensively by a team of earth scientists and impact experts.[335]
A 2022 study using Argon–Argon dating of shocked zircon crystals in impact melt rocks found outwash less than 10 km downstream of the glacier pushed the estimate back to around 57.99 ± 0.54 million years ago, during the late Paleocene.[336][125] Confirmation would require drilling almost one km (3,300 ft) through the ice sheet above the crater to obtain a sample of dateable, solidified impact melt from the crater.
The age of the Bloody Creek crater[337] is uncertain.
As the trend in the Earth Impact Database for about 26 confirmed craters younger than a million years old shows that almost all are less than two km (1.2 mi) in diameter (except the three km (1.9 mi) Agoudal and four km (2.5 mi) Rio Cuarto), the suggestion that two large craters, Mahuika (20 km (12 mi)) and Burckle (30 km (19 mi)), formed only within the last few millennia has been met with skepticism.[338][339][340] However, the source of the young (less than a million years old) and enormous Australasian strewnfield (c. 790 ka) is suggested to be a crater about 100 km (62 mi) across somewhere in Indochina,[341][342] with Hartung and Koeberl (1994) proposing the elongated 100 km × 35 km (62 mi × 22 mi) Tonlé Sap lake in Cambodia (visible in the map at the side) as a suspect structure.[343]
The Decorah crater has been conjectured as being part of the Ordovician meteor event.[344][better source needed]
Several twin impacts have been proposed, such as the Rubielos de la Cérida and Azuara (30–40 Ma),[345] Cerro Jarau and Piratininga (c. 117 Ma),[73] and Warburton East and West (300–360 Ma).[346] However, adjacent craters may not necessarily have formed at the same time, as demonstrated by the case of the confirmed Clearwater East and West lakes.
Some confirmed impacts like Sudbury or Chicxulub are also sources of magnetic anomalies[347] and/or gravity anomalies. The magnetic anomalies Bangui and Jackpine Creek,[143] the gravity anomalies Wilkes Land crater and Falkland Islands,[348] and others have been considered as being of impact origin. Bangui apparently has been discredited,[25][349] but appears again in a 2014 table of unconfirmed structures in Africa by Reimold and Koeberl.[3]
Several anomalies in Williston Basin were identified by Swatzky in the 1970s as astroblemes including Viewfield, Red Wing Creek, Eagle Butte, Dumas, and Hartney, of which only the last two are unconfirmed.[92]
The Eltanin impact has been confirmed (via an iridium anomaly and meteoritic material from ocean cores) but, as it fell into the Pacific Ocean, apparently no crater was formed. The age of Silverpit and the confirmed Boltysh crater (65.17 ± 0.64 Ma), as well as their latitude, has led to the speculative hypothesis that there may have been several impacts during the KT boundary.[350][351] Of the five oceans in descending order by area, namely the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Antarctic, and Arctic, only the smallest (the Arctic) does not yet have a proposed unconfirmed impact crater.
Craters larger than 100 kilometres (62 mi) in the Phanerozoic (after 541 Ma) are notable for their size as well as for the possible coeval events associated with them especially the major extinction events.
For example, the Ishim impact structure[139] is conjectured to be bounded by the late Ordovician-early Silurian (c. 445 ± 5 Ma),[140] the two Warburton basins have been linked to the Late Devonian extinction (c. 360 Ma),[308] both Bedout and the Wilkes Land crater have been associated with the severe Permian–Triassic extinction event (c. 252 Ma),[352][353] Manicouagan (c. 215 Ma) was once thought to be connected to the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event (c. 201 Ma)[354] but more recent dating has made it unlikely, while the consensus is the Chicxulub impact caused the one for Cretaceous–Paleogene (c. 66 Ma).
However, other extinction theories employ coeval periods of massive volcanism such as the Siberian Traps (Permian-Triassic) and Deccan Traps (Cretaceous-Paleogene).
Undiscovered but inferred
There is geological evidence for impact events having taken place on Earth on certain specific occasions, which should have formed craters, but for which no impact craters have been found. In some cases this is because of erosion and Earth's crust having been recycled through plate tectonics, in others likely because exploration of the Earth's surface is incomplete, or because no actual crater was formed because the impacting object exploded as a cosmic air burst. Typically the ages are already known and the diameters can be estimated.
| Parent crater of | Expected crater diameter | Age | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pica glass | Unknown | 12 ka | [355] |
| Libyan desert glass | Unknown | 29 Ma | [356][357][358][359] |
| Dakhleh glass | 0.4 km | 150 ka | [360][361] |
| Argentinian impact glasses | Unknown | 6, 114, and 445 ka;
5.3 and 9.2 Ma |
journal=Earth and Planetary Science Letters|volume=219|issue=3–4|pages=221–238|doi= 10.1016/S0012-821X(04)00010-X|year=2004|bibcode=2004E&PSL.219..221S }}</ref>[362] |
| Australasian tektites | 32–114 km | 780 ka | [342] |
| Central American tektites | 14 km | 820 ka | [363][364][365] |
| Skye ejecta deposits | Unknown | 60 Ma | [366] |
| Stac Fada Member | 40 km | 1.2 Ga | [367][368][369] |
| Barberton Greenstone Belt spherules | 500 km | 3.2 Ga | [370][371] |
| Marble Bar impact spherules | "hundreds of kilometers" | 3.4 Ga | [372] |
Mistaken identity
Some geological processes can result in circular or near-circular features that may be mistaken for impact craters. Some examples are calderas, maars, sinkholes, glacial cirques, igneous intrusions, ring dikes, salt domes, geologic domes, ventifacts, tuff rings, forest rings, and others. Conversely, an impact crater may originally be thought as one of these geological features, like Meteor Crater (as a maar) or Upheaval Dome (as a salt dome).
The presence of shock metamorphism and shatter cones are important criteria in favor of an impact interpretation, though massive landslides (such as the Köfels landslide of 7800 BC which was once thought to be impact-related) may produce shock-like fused rocks called "frictionite".[373]
Crater Lake, Oregon (a caldera)
Three maars in Germany
Great Blue Hole, Belize (a sinkhole)
Verdi Lake (a glacial cirque)
Kondyor Massif or Konder (an igneous intrusion)[374]
Salt domes on Melville Island
The Arkenu structures (a pair of ring dikes)
Brukkaros Mountain (a tuff ring)
A forest ring in Ontario
See also
- Earth Impact Database
- Gliese 710 – example of gravitational perturbations (in mega-year scale) of the Solar System
- Impact Field Studies Group
- Impact craters
- Impact events
- List of impact craters on Earth
- Meteor air burst
- Tollmann's bolide hypothesis
- Traces of Catastrophe, 1998 book from Lunar and Planetary Institute – comprehensive reference on impact crater science
Notes and references
Notes
References
- ↑ updated, Daisy Dobrijevic last (2021-10-29). "10 Earth impact craters you must see" (in en). https://www.space.com/10-earth-impact-craters-you-should-visit.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Haines, P. W. (2005). "Impact cratering and distal ejecta: The Australian record". Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 52 (4–5): 481–507. doi:10.1080/08120090500170351. Bibcode: 2005AuJES..52..481H. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236737663.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Reimold, Wolf Uwe; Koeberl, Christian (2014). "Impact structures in Africa: A review". Journal of African Earth Sciences 93: 57–175. doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2014.01.008. PMID 27065753. Bibcode: 2014JAfES..93...57R.
- ↑ Acevedo, R.; Rocca, M. C.; Ponce, J.; Stinco, S. (2015). Impact Craters in South America. SpringerBriefs in Earth Sciences. Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-13092-7.
- ↑ Chabou, M. C. (2016). "An updated inventory of meteorite impact structures in the Arab world". 1st ArabGU International Conference, Feb 2016, Algeria. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304035970.
- ↑ Crósta, Alvaro P.; Reimold, Wolf Uwe (2016). "Impact Craters in South America, by Acevedo R. D., Rocca M. C. L., Ponce J. F., and Stinco S. G. Heidelberg: Springer, 2015. 104 p. SpringerBriefs in Earth Sciences: South America and the Southern Hemisphere. ISBN 978-3-319-13092-7". Meteoritics & Planetary Science 51 (5): 996–999. doi:10.1111/maps.12632.
- ↑ Rampino, M.R; Volk, T. (1996). "Multiple impact event in the Paleozoic: Collision with a string of comets or asteroids?". Geophysical Research Letters 23 (1): 49–52. doi:10.1029/95GL03605. Bibcode: 1996GeoRL..23...49R. https://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/docs/1996/1996_Rampino_ra05200y.pdf. Retrieved 2019-04-06.
- ↑ "Acraman". http://www.passc.net/EarthImpactDatabase/New%20website_05-2018/Acraman.html.
- ↑ 9.00 9.01 9.02 9.03 9.04 9.05 9.06 9.07 9.08 9.09 9.10 9.11 9.12 Expert Database on Earth Impact Structures (EDEIS), Accessed May 2016
- ↑ Murgab
- ↑ "Meteorite crater site of Ak-Bura". http://www.gettyimages.ca/detail/photo/meteorite-crater-site-of-ak-bura-in-the-ak-high-res-stock-photography/148574519.
- ↑ Bacharev, A (1952), The Murgab meteorite crater. Astron. Tsirk., No 122, pp. 8–10
- ↑ Al Madafi
- ↑ Garvin, James B.; Blodget, Herbert W. (1986). "Suspected Impact Crater Near Al Madafi, Saudi Arabia". Meteoritics 21: 366. Bibcode: 1986Metic..21..366G.
- ↑ Roger Weller. Al Madafi crater
- ↑ Warme, J.E.; Sandberg, C.A. (1996). "Alamo megabreccia: record of a Late Devonian impact in southern Nevada". GSA Today 6 (1): 1–7. https://www.geosociety.org/gsatoday/archive/6/1/pdf/i1052-5173-6-1-sci.pdf.
- ↑ Morrow, JR; Sandberg, CA; Malkowski, K; Joachimski, MM (2009). "Carbon isotope chemostratigraphy and precise dating of middle Frasnian (lower Upper Devonian) Alamo Breccia, Nevada, USA". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 282 (1–4): 105–118. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.08.016. Bibcode: 2009PPP...282..105M.
- ↑ Mikheeva, 2017.[full citation needed]
- ↑ List of confirmed impact craters by name - Earth Impact Database
- ↑ Anefis
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 A. Rossi (2002). Seven Possible New Impact Structures In Western Africa Detected On Aster Imagery, Lunar and Planetary Science XXXIII
- ↑ Roger Weller Anefis crater
- ↑ Aorounga
- ↑ Ocampo, A. C.; Pope, K. O. (1996). "Shuttle Imaging Radar (SIR-C) Images Reveal Multiple Impact Craters at Aorounga, Northern Chad". Lunar and Planetary Science 27: 977. Bibcode: 1996LPI....27..977O.
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 S. Master & W. Reimold (2000). The impact cratering record of Africa: An updated inventory of proven, probable, possible, and discredited impact structures on the African continent, Catastrophic Events Conference 2000.
- ↑ Arganaty
- ↑ Zeilik, B. S. (1987). "The Arganaty cosmogenic crater in southern Kazakhstan and the ring structures associated with it". Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Doklady 297 (4): 925–928. Bibcode: 1987DoSSR.297..925Z.
- ↑ Barash, M. (2012). "Mass Extinction of Ocean Organisms at the Paleozoic–Mesozoic Boundary: Effects and Causes". Oceanology 52 (2): 238–248. doi:10.1134/s000143701201002x. Bibcode: 2012Ocgy...52..238B. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233961301.
- ↑ Unnamed ("Arlit")
- ↑ David Rajmon (2010). Impact Field Studies Group
- ↑ Marc Fokker (2008). Astroforum Netherlands
- ↑ "Avak". http://www.passc.net/EarthImpactDatabase/New%20website_05-2018/Avak.html.
- ↑ Azuara
- ↑ Bajada del Diablo
- ↑ R. D. Acevedo, J. Rabassa, M. J. Orgeira, et al. (2010) Bajada Del Diablo Impact Crater Strewn-Field, Patagonia, Argentina: The Largest Crater Field In The World? 73rd Annual Meteoritical Society Meeting
- ↑ Acevedo, R.D.; Rabassa, J.; Ponce, J.F.; Martínez, O.; Orgeira, M.J.; Prezzi, C.; Corbella, H.; González-Guillot, M. et al. (2012). "The Bajada del Diablo astrobleme-strewn field, central Patagonia Argentina: Extending the exploration to surrounding areas". Geomorphology 169–170: 151–164. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.04.020. Bibcode: 2012Geomo.169..151A.
- ↑ Bajo Hondo
- ↑ M. C. Rocca (2005). BAJO HONDO, CHUBUT, PATAGONIA, ARGENTINA: A NEW METEORITE IMPACT CRATER IN BASALT?, 68th Annual Meteoritical Society Meeting
- ↑ Bangui
- ↑ Girdler, R.; Taylor, P.; Frawley, J. (1992). "A possible impact origin for the Bangui magnetic anomaly (Central Africa)". Tectonophysics 212 (1): 45–58. doi:10.1016/0040-1951(92)90139-w. Bibcode: 1992Tectp.212...45G.
- ↑ "Barringer Meteor Crater and Its Environmental Effects". https://www.lpi.usra.edu/science/kring/epo_web/impact_cratering/enviropages/Barringer/barringerstartpage.html.
- ↑ Bateke
- ↑ S. Master, G.R.J. Cooper and K. Klajnik (2013). The Bateke Plateau Structure – A New Possible 7 Km Diameter Quaternary Meteorite Impact Structure In Gabon: A Remote Sensing Study, 13th SAGA Biennial Conference & Exhibition
- ↑ Bedout
- ↑ Becker, L.; Poreda, R. J.; Basu, A. R.; Pope, K. O.; Harrison, T. M.; Nicholson, C.; Iasky, R. (2004). "Bedout: A Possible End-Permian Impact Crater Offshore of Northwestern Australia". Science 304 (5676): 1469–1476. doi:10.1126/science.1093925. PMID 15143216. Bibcode: 2004Sci...304.1469B.
- ↑ Bee Bluff
- ↑ R. A. Graham (2005) Reinvestigation of the Bee Bluff Structure South of Uvalde, Texas, 'The Uvalde Crater'. Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVI (2005)
- ↑ Bee Bluff
- ↑ Björkö
- ↑ H. Henkel, A. Bäckström, B. Bergman, O. Stephansson, and M. Lindström (2005). Geothermal Energy from Impact Craters? The Björkö Study, Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2005
- ↑ Bloody Creek
- ↑ Bohemia
- ↑ Papagiannis, Michael D. (1989). "Photographs from geostationary satellites indicate the possible existence of a huge 300 KM impact crater in the Bohemian region of Czechoslovakia". Meteoritics 24: 313. Bibcode: 1989Metic..24R.313P.
- ↑ Rajlich, P. (1992). "Bohemian Circular Structure, Czechoslovakia: Search for the Impact Evidence". Abstracts of Papers Presented to the International Conference on Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution. Held August 31 – September 2, 1992, in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. 790. Lunar and Planetary Institute. 57. LPI Contribution 790. Bibcode: 1992LPICo.790...57R.
- ↑ Bow City
- ↑ Bowers
- ↑ 57.0 57.1 L. P. Hrjanina (Khryanina), 2006.. "Once again about Kainozoic meteorite structures in the Ross Sea, Antarctica". http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/LPSC98/pdf/1152.pdf.
- ↑ "Evidence for a Possible Late Pliocene Impact in the Ross Sea, Antarctica". 2006. http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/~dallas/abbott_publications/Gerard-Little_et_al_2006_Abstract_Ross.html.
- ↑ Paul Rincon (2006). Space impact clue in Antarctica, BBC News
- ↑ Heinrich, P.V. (2003) Possible Meteorite Impact Crater in St. Helena Parish, Louisiana Search and Discovery Article. no. 50006. American Association of Petroleum Geologist, Tulsa, Oklahoma. Retrieved March 27, 2011.
- ↑ King, D.T., Jr., and Petruny, L.W.. 2007. Impact structures and craters of the U.S. Gulf coastal states. Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions. v. 57, p. 409-425.
- ↑ Matherne, C., Karunatillake, S., Hood, D.R., Duxbury, J., Herr, A., Heinrich, P., Horn, M., Webb, A. and Sivils, A., 2020. Planar Deformation Features Found Within a Possible Impact Structure, the Brushy Creek Feature, St. Helena Parish, LA. Lunar and Planetary Science Conference No. 2326, p. 2361.
- ↑ Herr, Andrew. "Investigating the Brushy Creek Impact Crater". https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2021/pdf/2737.pdf.
- ↑ Quek, Long Xiang; Ghani, A. A; Badruldin, Muhammad Hafifi; Mokhtar, Saidin; Harith, Zuhar Zahir; Roselee, M. Hatta (2015). "Platinum Group Elements in Proximal Impactites of the Bukit Bunuh Impact Structure, Malaysia". Current Science 109 (12). doi:10.18520/v109/i12/2303-2308.
- ↑ Jinmin, Mark; Saad, Rosli; Nordiana, M.M.; Mokhtar, Saidin (2017). "Trilogy possible meteorite impact crater at Bukit Bunuh, Malaysia using 2-D electrical resistivity imaging". AIP Conference Proceedings 1861 (1): 030012. doi:10.1063/1.4990899. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318402069.
- ↑ Burckle
- ↑ 67.0 67.1 Abbott, Dallas H., Martos, Suzanne, Elkinton, Hannah, Bryant, Edward F., Gusiakov, Viacheslav, and Breger, Dee (2006). Impact craters as sources of megatsunami generated chevron dunes. 2006 Philadelphia Annual Meeting (22–25 October 2006)
- ↑ Masse W. B., Bryant E., Gusiakov V., Abbott D., Rambolamanana G., Raza H., Courty M.A. (2006). Holocene Indian ocean cosmic impacts – the megatsunami chevron evidence from southern Madagascar. AGU, San Francisco
- ↑ Catalina
- ↑ Legg, Mark R.; Nicholson, Craig; Goldfinger, Chris; Milstein, Randall; Kamerling, Marc (2004). "Large enigmatic crater structures offshore southern California". Geophys. J. Int. 159 (2): 803–815. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246x.2004.02424.x. Bibcode: 2004GeoJI.159..803L.
- ↑ Brandsma Dan, Lund Steve P.; Henyey Thomas, L. (1989). "Paleomagnetism of Late Quaternary marine sediments from Santa Catalina basin, California continental borderland .". J. Geophys. Res. B 94 (1): 547–564. doi:10.1029/JB094iB01p00547. Bibcode: 1989JGR....94..547B.
- ↑ Jarau
- ↑ 73.0 73.1 73.2 73.3 A. Crósta, R. Romano (2004). Brazilian Impact Craters: A Review, 35th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
- ↑ 74.0 74.1 74.2 74.3 A. Crósta, M. Vasconcelos (2013). Update On The Current Knowledge Of The Brazilian Impact Craters, 44th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
- ↑ Charity Shoal
- ↑ Holcombe, Troy L.; Warren, John S.; Reid, David F.; Virden, William T.; Divins, David L. (2001). "Small Rimmed Depression in Lake Ontario: An Impact Crater?". Journal of Great Lakes Research 27 (4): 510–517. doi:10.1016/S0380-1330(01)70664-8.
- ↑ Holcombe, Troy L.; Youngblut, Scott; Slowey, Niall (2013). "Geological structure of Charity Shoal crater, Lake Ontario, revealed by multibeam bathymetry". Geo-Marine Letters 33 (4): 245–252. doi:10.1007/s00367-013-0322-6. Bibcode: 2013GML....33..245H.
- ↑ Suttak, P.A., 2013, High-resolution lake-based magnetic mapping and modeling of basement structures, with examples from Küçükçekmece Lagoon, Turkey and Charity Shoal, Lake Ontario. unpublished MS thesis, School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario. 113 pp.
- ↑ Assis Fernandes V., Hopp J., Schwarz W.H., Fritz J.P., and Trieloff M. (2019) 40Ar-39Ar step heating of North American tektites and of impact melt rock samples from the Chesapeake Bay impact structure. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 255, 289-308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2019.03.004
- ↑ "Clearwater East". http://www.passc.net/EarthImpactDatabase/New%20website_05-2018/ClearwaterEast.html.
- ↑ Corossol
- ↑ Higgins, M.D., P. Lajeunesse, G. St-Onge, R. Sanfacon, and M. Duchesne, 2013, Impact Breccia Clast from the Corossol Crater, Canada. 76th Annual Meteoritical Society Meeting. Meteoritics and Planetary Science Supplement. id.5190.
- ↑ Lajeunesse, Patrick; St-Onge, Guillaume; Locat, Jacques; Duchesne, Mathieu J.; Higgins, Michael D.; Sanfaçon, Richard; Ortiz, Joseph (2013). "The Corossol structure: A possible impact crater on the seafloor of the northwestern Gulf of St. Lawrence, Eastern Canada". Meteoritics & Planetary Science 48 (12): 2542–2558. doi:10.1111/maps.12224. Bibcode: 2013M&PS...48.2542L.
- ↑ Lajeunesse, P., Duchesne, M.J., St-Onge, G., Locat, J., Higgins, M., Sanfaçon, R. and Ortiz, J., 2016. The Corossol Structure: a glaciated crater of possible impact origin in the northwestern Gulf of St Lawrence, eastern Canada. In Dowdeswell, J. A., Canals, M., Jakobsson, M., Todd, B. J., Dowdeswell, E. K. & Hogan, K. A. (eds) 2016. Atlas of Submarine Glacial Landforms: Modern, Quaternary and Ancient. Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 46(1), pp.127–128.
- ↑ Darwin
- ↑ Decorah
- ↑ Briggs, D.E.; Liu, H.P.; McKay, R.M.; Witzke, B.J. (2018). "The Winneshiek biota: exceptionally well-preserved fossils in a Middle Ordovician impact crater". Journal of the Geological Society 175 (6): 865–874. doi:10.1144/jgs2018-101. Bibcode: 2018JGSoc.175..865B.
- ↑ French, B.M., McKay, R.M., Liu, H.P., Briggs, D.E. and Witzke, B.J., 2018. "The Decorah structure, northeastern Iowa: geology and evidence for formation by meteorite impact." Geological Society of America Bulletin, 130(11–12), pp. 2062–2086.
- ↑ "Potential asteroid impact identified in western Queensland". Geoscience Australia. 2015-03-17. http://www.ga.gov.au/news-events/news/latest-news/potential-asteroid-impact-identified-in-western-queensland.
- ↑ Glikson, A.; Korsch, R.J.; Milligan, P. (2016). "The Diamantina River ring feature, Winton region, western Queensland". Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 63 (5): 1–11. doi:10.1080/08120099.2016.1220978. Bibcode: 2016AuJES..63..653G. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309018227. Retrieved 2019-04-06.
- ↑ Dumas
- ↑ 92.0 92.1 92.2 Gubins, A. & Strangway, D. (1978). "Magnetic Fields Associated with a Probable Late Cretaceous Astrobleme at Dumas, Saskatchewan", Lunar and Planetary Science IX, pp. 433–435
- ↑ Duolun
- ↑ Wu Siben (1989). "Geologic feature of the Duolun impact crater". Lunar and Planetary Science Conference 20: 1219. Bibcode: 1989LPI....20.1219W.
- ↑ Eltanin
- ↑ Shuvalov V.V. (2006). Numerical modeling of the Eltanin impact: determination of projectile size and tsunami amplitude. 40 ESLAB Symposium: 1 International Conference on Impact Cratering in the Solar System, Noordwijk, 8–12 May 2006, Noordwijk: ESA, pp. 201-202
- ↑ Weiss, Robert; Lynett, Patrick; Wünnemann, Kai (2015). "The Eltanin impact and its tsunami along the coast of South America: Insights for potential deposits". Earth and Planetary Science Letters 409: 175–181. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2014.10.050. Bibcode: 2015E&PSL.409..175W.
- ↑ Faya Basin
- ↑ M. Schmieder and E. Buchner (2010). The Faya Basin (Chad) revisited – structural insights from central peak morphology and potential Martian analogs, Nördlingen Ries Crater Workshop (2010).
- ↑ Rocca, Maximiliano C. L.; Presser, Jaime Leonardo Báez; (2015) "A possible new very large impact structure in Falkland Islands", Historia Natural, Tercera Series, Volumen 5(2)
- ↑ Rocca, Maximiliano C. L.; Rampino, Michael R.; Presser, Jaime Leonardo Báez (2017). "Geophysical evidence for a large impact structure on the Falkland Plateau". Terra Nova 29 (4): 233–37. doi:10.1111/ter.12269. Bibcode: 2017TeNov..29..233R.
- ↑ Reimold, W.U.; Crósta, A.P.; Koeberl, C.; Hauser, N. (2017). "Comment on "Geophysical evidence for a large impact structure on the Falkland (Malvinas) Plateau"". Terra Nova 29 (6): 409–410. doi:10.1111/ter.12284. Bibcode: 2017TeNov..29..233R.
- ↑ McCarthy, D.; Aldiss, Michael D.; Arsenikos, S.; Stone, P.; Richards, P. (2017). "Comment on "Geophysical evidence for a large impact structure on the Falkland (Malvinas) Plateau"". Terra Nova 29 (6): 411–415. doi:10.1111/ter.12285. Bibcode: 2017TeNov..29..233R. http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/525290/1/McCarthy%20et%20al%20Terra_Nova%202017.pdf.
- ↑ Acevedo, R. D.; Rocca, M. C. L.; Ponce, J.; Stinco, S. G. (2015). Impact Craters in South America. Springer. p. 23. ISBN 978-3-319-13093-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=W226CAAAQBAJ.
- ↑ Fried Egg
- ↑ Amos, J (2009) 'Fried Egg' may be impact crater BBC News.
- ↑ Garet El Lefet
- ↑ Roger Weller. Garet El Lefet crater
- ↑ 109.0 109.1 Classen, J. (1977). "Catalogue of 230 Certain, Probable, Possible, and Doubtful Impact Structures". Meteoritics 12 (1): 61–78. doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.1977.tb00332.x. Bibcode: 1977Metic..12...61C.
- ↑ Tornabene, L.L., 2001 The Gatun Structure: A geological assessment of a newly recognized impact structure near Lake Gatun in the Republic de Panama. Master of Science thesis. University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.
- ↑ Heckadon-Moreno, S, 2013. Livio Tornabene y el meteorito de Gatun. Epocas. 28 (11):10–11.
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- ↑ General San Martín
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- ↑ R. D. Acevedo, M. Rocca, J. Rabassa and J. F. Ponce Meteorite Impact Craters In South America: A Brief Review. 74th Annual Meteoritical Society Meeting (2011)
- ↑ Gnargoo
- ↑ Iasky, R. P.; Glikson, A. Y. (2005). "Gnargoo: A possible 75 km-diameter post-Early Permian – pre-Cretaceous buried impact structure, Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia". Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 52 (4–5): 575–586. doi:10.1080/08120090500170377. Bibcode: 2005AuJES..52..575I.
- ↑ Monteiro, J. F. (1991). "The Guarda Circular Structure: A Possible Complex Impact Crater". Abstracts of the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference 22: 915–916. Bibcode: 1991LPI....22..915M.
- ↑ Van Zalinge, M. E. (2012). The Guarda structure, NE-Portugal: a meteorite impact crater or not? (Thesis). Utrecht University, Utrecht. p. 83.
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- ↑ Hartney
- ↑ Anderson, C. (1980). "A Seismic Reflection Study of a Probable Astrobleme near Hartney, Manitoba". Canadian Journal of Exploration Geophysics 16: 7. http://csegjournal.com/assets/pdfs/archives/1980_12/1980_Anderson_C_manitoba_astrobleme.pdf.
- ↑ Hiawatha
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- ↑ Hico
- ↑ J. Glidewell (2009). SEISMIC DATA THROUGH THE HICO STRUCTURE: A POSSIBLE IMPACT FEATURE IN NORTHCENTRAL TEXAS, 40th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
- ↑ Wiberg Leanne (1982). The Hico Structure: a possible impact structure in north-central Texas, USA. Lunar and Planet. Sci. 13: Abstr. Pap. 13th Lunar and Planet. Sci. Conf., Houston, Tex., March 15–19, Pt 2., Houston, Tex., pp. 863–864
- ↑ Hotchkiss
- ↑ M. Mazur and R. Stewart (1998). Interpreting the Hotchkiss structure: A possible meteorite impact feature in northwestern Alberta, Consortium for Research in Elastic Wave Exploration Seismology (CREWES).
- ↑ Howell
- ↑ B. Deane, P. Lee, K. Milam, J. Evenick, and R.Zawislak (2004). THE HOWELL STRUCTURE, LINCOLN COUNTY, TENNESSEE: A REVIEW OF PAST AND CURRENT RESEARCH, Lunar and Planetary Science XXXV
- ↑ Milam, K. A., Henderson, T., Deane, B. (2014). An Assessment Of Shock Metamorphism In Breccias From The Howell Structure, Lincoln County, Tennessee, US, Abstracts of the 2014 GSA Annual Meeting, Geological Society of America
- ↑ Ibn-Batutah
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- ↑ Osinski, Gordon R.; Grieve, Richard A. F.; Ferrière, Ludovic; Losiak, Ania; Pickersgill, Annemarie; Cavosie, Aaron J.; Hibbard, Shannon M.; Hill, Patrick et al. (2022-07-21). "Impact Earth: A review of the terrestrial impact record" (in en). Earth-Science Reviews 232: 104112. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104112. ISSN 0012-8252. Bibcode: 2022ESRv..23204112O. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825222001969.
- ↑ Losiak, A.; Jõeleht, A.; Plado, J.; Szyszka, M.; Kirsimäe, K.; Wild, E. M.; Steier, P.; Belcher, C. M. et al. (February 2020). "Determining the age and possibility for an extraterrestrial impact formation mechanism of the Ilumetsa structures (Estonia)" (in en). Meteoritics & Planetary Science 55 (2): 274–293. doi:10.1111/maps.13431. ISSN 1086-9379. Bibcode: 2020M&PS...55..274L.
- ↑ Ishim
- ↑ 139.0 139.1 Frank Dachille (1976). (1976). "Frequency of the formation of large terrestrial impact craters". Meteoritics 11: 270. Bibcode: 1976Metic..11..270D.
- ↑ 140.0 140.1 Zeylik B. S.; Seytmuratova E. Yu, 1974: A meteorite-impact structure in central Kazakhstan and its magmatic-ore controlling role. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR: 1, pp. 167–170
- ↑ Iturralde
- ↑ Jackpine Creek
- ↑ 143.0 143.1 S. Goussev, R. Charters, J. Peirce and W. Glenn (2002). Jackpine Creek Magnetic Anomaly: A Case of the HRAM Prospect Scale Interpretation . CSEG: The Canadian Society of Exploration Geophysicists
- ↑ Jalapasquillo
- ↑ Maupome, L. (1974). "Possible Meteorite Crater in Mexico". Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica 1: 81–. Bibcode: 1974RMxAA...1...81M.
- ↑ Jebel Hadid
- ↑ Schmieder, Martin; Buchner, Elmar; Le Heron, Daniel Paul (2009). "The Jebel Hadid structure (Al Kufrah Basin, SE Libya) – A possible impact structure and potential hydrocarbon trap?". Marine and Petroleum Geology 26 (3): 310–318. doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.04.003.
- ↑ Jeptha Knob
- ↑ Snows Island
- ↑ Talwani, Pradeep; Wildermuth, Eric; Parkinson, Chris D. (2003). "An impact crater in northeast South Carolina inferred from potential field data". Geophysical Research Letters 30 (7): 1366. doi:10.1029/2003GL017051. Bibcode: 2003GeoRL..30.1366T.
- ↑ Jwaneng South
- ↑ Sharad Master, Brad Pitts and Marek Wendorff (2009). Jwaneng South Structure, Botswana: a New 1.3 km Diameter Buried Cenozoic Impact Crater Discovered by Airship-mounted Gravity Gradometer , 11th SAGA Biennial Technical Meeting and Exhibition
- ↑ Kebira
- ↑ Reimold, W.U.; Ch, Koeberl (2014). "Impact structures in Africa: A review". J. Afr. Earth Sci. 93: 57–175. doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2014.01.008. PMID 27065753. Bibcode: 2014JAfES..93...57R.
- ↑ Kilmichael
- ↑ M.S. Huber, D.T. King, Jr., L.W. Petruny, and C. Koeberl (2013). REVISITING KILMICHAEL (MISSISSIPPI), A POSSIBLE IMPACT STRUCTURE, 44th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
- ↑ Robertson P.B., Butler M.D. (1982). New evidence for the impact origin of Kilmichael Mississippi. Lunar and Planet. Sci. 13: Abstr. Pap. 13th Lunar and Planet. Sci. Conf., Houston, Tex., March 15–19, 1982. Pt 2, Houston, Tex., pp. 653–654
- ↑ King D.T. Petruny Jr. and L.W. (2002). COSMIC IMPACT IN THE COASTAL PLAIN OF MISSISSIPPI? THE RIDDLE THE OF THE KILMICHAEL STRUCTURE 65th Annual Meteoritical Society Meeting
- ↑ Krk
- ↑ T. Marjanac, A. Tomša, Lj. Marjanac, M. Calogovic & S. Fazinic (2015). Krk impact structure ejecta breccia and melt rocks on the islands of Krk and Rab, Croatian Adriatic: A clue on the impact target lithology, Bridging the Gap III (2015)
- ↑ Kurai Basin
- ↑ S. A. Vishnevsky (2007). The Kurai Basin, Altai mountains (Russia): First evidences of impact origin, Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVIII (2007)
- ↑ La Dulce
- ↑ Labynkyr
- ↑ Dietz, Robert S.; McHone, John (1974). "Impact structures from ERTS imagery". Meteoritics 9: 329. Bibcode: 1974Metic...9..329D.
- ↑ Roger Weller. Labynkyr ring
- ↑ Lac Iro
- ↑ James B. Garvin (1986). POSSIBLE IMPACT STRUCTURES IN CENTRAL AFRICA
- ↑ Lairg
- ↑ (in Russian) Lake Cheko
- ↑ Tai Hu
- ↑ Roger Weller. Tai Hu crater
- ↑ Wang, K.; Geldsetzer, H. H. J. (1992). "A late Devonian impact event and its association with a possible extinction event on Eastern Gondwana". Lunar and Planetary Inst., International Conference on Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution: 77. Bibcode: 1992lmip.conf...77W.
- ↑ Loch Leven
- ↑ B. J. Hamill (2003). The Loch Leven Crater: Anatomy Of A Low-Angle Oblique Impact Structure, Large Meteorite Impacts
- ↑ "Lonar". http://www.passc.net/EarthImpactDatabase/New%20website_05-2018/Lonar.html.
- ↑ Lorne
- ↑ Tonkin, P. C. (1998). "Lorne Basin, New South Wales: Evidence for a possible impact origin?". Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 45 (5): 669–671. doi:10.1080/08120099808728423. Bibcode: 1998AuJES..45..669T.
- ↑ Lycksele 2
- ↑ D. Nisca, H. Thunehed, L.J. Pesonen, S-Å. Elming (1997). The Lycksele structure, a huge ring formation in northern Sweden: result of an impact?, Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution
- ↑ Pesonen, L. J. (1996). "The impact cratering record of Fennoscandia". Earth, Moon, and Planets 72 (1–3): 377–393. doi:10.1007/BF00117542. Bibcode: 1996EM&P...72..377P.
- ↑ Madagascar 3
- ↑ Roger Weller. Madagascar structure
- ↑ Bodosky, T.; Kis, M.; Kummer, I.; Don, G. (2006). "The telluric conductivity anomaly at Magyarmecske: is it aburied impact crater?". 40th ESLAB–First International Conference on Impact Cratering in the Solar System–Proceedigs CD. Noordwijks, the Netherlands: 221–223. http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/doc.cfm?fobjectid=40243.
- ↑ Bodosky, T.; Don, G.; Kis, MI.; Kummer, I. (2007). "Is the Magyarmecske telluric conductivity anomaly a buried impact structure?". Central European Geology 50 (3): 199–223. doi:10.1556/CEuGeol.50.2007.3.2. Bibcode: 2007CEJGl..50..199B. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250010202.
- ↑ Mahuika
- ↑ Abbott, D.H., A. Matzen, E.A. Bryant, and S.F. Pekar (2003). Did a bolide impact cause catastrophic tsunamis in Australia and New Zealand?. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, 35:168
- ↑ Maniitsoq
- ↑ Garde, Adam A.; McDonald, Iain; Dyck, Brendan; Keulen, Nynke (2012). "Searching for giant, ancient impact structures on Earth: The Mesoarchaean Maniitsoq structure, West Greenland". Earth and Planetary Science Letters 337–338: 197–210. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2012.04.026. Bibcode: 2012E&PSL.337..197G.
- ↑ Scherst, Anders; Garde, Adam A. (30 July 2013). "Complete hydrothermal re-equilibration of zircon in the Maniitsoq structure, West Greenland: A 3001 Ma minimum age of impact?". Meteoritics & Planetary Science 48 (8): 1472–1498. doi:10.1111/maps.12169. Bibcode: 2013M&PS...48.1472S.
- ↑ Mejaouda
- ↑ Roger Weller. Mejaouda crater
- ↑ Merewether crater
- ↑ J. B. Garvin and J. J. Frawley (2008). Geometric Properties Of The Merewether Structure, Newfoundland, Canada.Lunar and Planetary Science XXXIX (2008)
- ↑ Meseta de la Barda Negra
- ↑ A.C. Ocampo, A.C. Garrido, J. Rabassa, M.C. Rocca, J.C. Echaurren, and E. Mazzoni (2005). A Possible Impact Crater In Basalt At Meseta De La Barda Negra, Neuquen, Argentina, 68th Annual Meteoritical Society Meeting
- ↑ Middle Urals
- ↑ G. Burba (1991). Middle-Urals Ring structure, USSR: Definition, description, possible planetary analogues, Lunar and Planetary Science conference XXII.
- ↑ G. Burba (2003). The geologic evolution of the Ural Mountains: A supposed exposure to a giant impact . Microsymposium 38, MS011
- ↑ Mistassini
- ↑ S. Genest and F. Robert The Mistassini-Otish impact structure, Northern Quebec, Canada: an update – 1987
- ↑ Mount Ashmore
- ↑ Glikson, A.; Jablonski, D.; Westlake, S. (2010). "Origin of the Mt Ashmore structural dome, west Bonaparte Basin, Timor Sea". Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 57 (4): 411–430. doi:10.1080/08120099.2010.481327. Bibcode: 2010AuJES..57..411G.
- ↑ Examining a new asteroid crater found in the Timor Sea . ScienceWise 2010, Australian National Uni
- ↑ Mousso
- ↑ Buchner, Elmar; Schmieder, Martin (2007). "Mousso structure: A deeply eroded, medium-sized, complex impact crater in northern Chad?". Journal of African Earth Sciences 49 (3): 71–78. doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2007.06.003. Bibcode: 2007JAfES..49...71B.
- ↑ Oikeyama
- ↑ Sakamoto, Masao; Gucsik, Arnold; Nishido, Hirotsugu; Ninagawa, Kiyotaka; Okumura, Tasuku; Toyoda, Shin (2010), "Micro Raman spectroscopy of anomalous planar microstructures in quartz from Mt. Oikeyama: Discovery of a probable impact crater in Japan", Meteoritics and Planetary Science 45 (1): 32, doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2009.01003.x, Bibcode: 2010M&PS...45...32S
- ↑ Mulkarra
- ↑ J. B. Plescia (1999). Mulkarra Impact Structure, South Australia: A Complex Impact Structure, Lunar and Planetary Science XXX
- ↑ Nastapoka
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- ↑ Brookfield Michael (2006). The great arc of eastern Hudson Bay, Canada: part of a multi-ringed impact basin. 40 ESLAB Symposium: 1 International Conference on Impact Cratering in the Solar System, Noordwijk, 8–12 May 2006, Noordwijk: ESA, p. 35
- ↑ Nicholson, Uisdean (2022). "The Nadir Crater offshore West Africa: A candidate Cretaceous-Paleogene impact structure". Science Advances 8 (33): eabn3096. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abn3096. PMID 35977017. Bibcode: 2022SciA....8N3096N.
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- ↑ Pantasma
- ↑ Panther Mountain
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- ↑ Peerless
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- ↑ Halford, Natalie; Barineau, Clinton (2019). "The Search for Impact Features in Proposed Target Rocks of the "Woodbury" Structure in the Pine Mountain Belt of Southwestern Georgia". Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 51 (3). doi:10.1130/abs/2019SE-327565. https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2019SE/webprogram/Paper327565.html.
- ↑ Miller, Jeremy; Barineau, Clinton (2016). "A Case of Mistaken Identity: The "Woodbury" Structure of South Central Georgia". Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 48 (7). doi:10.1130/abs/2016AM-285522. https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2016AM/webprogram/Paper285522.html.
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- ↑ Grant, B. The Yallalie Impact Structure.
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- ↑ Whitehouse, David (2003-06-23). "Space impact 'saved Christianity'". BBC News. British Broadcasting Corporation. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3013146.stm.
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- ↑ Vastag, Brian (18 February 2013). "Crater found in Iowa points to asteroid break-up 470 million years ago". Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/crater-found-in-iowa-points-to-asteroid-break-up-470-million-years-ago/2013/02/18/545131f8-76d5-11e2-aa12-e6cf1d31106b_story.html?wprss=rss_national.
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- ↑ Gorder, Pam Frost (June 1, 2006). "Big Bang in Antarctica – Killer Crater Found Under Ice". Ohio State University Research News. http://researchnews.osu.edu/archive/erthboom.htm.
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- ↑ Schultz, P. H.; Harris, R. S.; Perroud, S.; Blanco, N.; Tomlinson, S. (2022). "Widespread glasses generated by cometary fireballs during the late Pleistocene in the Atacama Desert, Chile". Geology 50 (2): 205. doi:10.1130/G49426.1. Bibcode: 2022Geo....50..205S.
- ↑ Cavosie, A.J.; Koeberl, C. (2019). "Overestimation of threat from 100 Mt–class airbursts? High-pressure evidence from zircon in Libyan Desert Glass". Geology 47 (7): 609–612. doi:10.1130/G45974.1. Bibcode: 2019Geo....47..609C.
- ↑ Koeberl, C.; Ferrière, L. (2019). "Libyan Desert Glass area in western Egypt: Shocked quartz in bedrock points to a possible deeply eroded impact structure in the region". Meteoritics & Planetary Science 54 (10): 2398–2408. doi:10.1111/maps.13250. Bibcode: 2019M&PS...54.2398K.
- ↑ Sighinolfi, G.P.; Lugli, F.; Piccione, F.; Michele, V.D.; Cipriani, A. (2020). "Terrestrial target and melting site of Libyan Desert Glass: New evidence from trace elements and Sr isotopes". Meteoritics & Planetary Science 55 (8): 1865–1883. doi:10.1111/maps.13550. Bibcode: 2020M&PS...55.1865S.
- ↑ Sestov, V.; Shuvalov, V.; Kosarev, I. (2020). "Formation of Libyan Desert Glass: Numerical simulations of melting of silica due to radiation from near-surface airbursts". Meteoritics & Planetary Science 55 (4): 895–910. doi:10.1111/maps.13470. Bibcode: 2020M&PS...55..895S.
- ↑ Haldemann, A. F. C.; Kleindienst, M. R.; Churcher, C. S.; Smith, J. R.; Schwarcz, H. P.; Markham, K.; Osinski, G. (August 2005). "Mapping Impact Modified Sediments: Subtle Remote-Sensing Signatures of the Dakhleh Oasis Catastrophic Event, Western Desert, Egypt". Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society 37: 648. Bibcode: 2005DPS....37.1703H.
- ↑ G. Osinski, A. Haldemann, et al. (2007). Impact Glass At The Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt: Evidence For A Cratering Event Or Large Aerial Burst?, Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVIII
- ↑ Schulz, P.H.; Zárate, M.; Hames, B.; Harris, R.S.; Bunch, T.; Koeberl, C.; Renne, P.; Wittke, J. (2006). "The record of Miocene impacts in the Argentine Pampas". Meteoritics & Planetary Science 41 (5): 749–771. doi:10.1111/j.1945-5100.2006.tb00990.x. Bibcode: 2006M&PS...41..749S. https://ri.conicet.gov.ar/handle/11336/81867.
- ↑ Povenmire, H.; Burrer, B.; Cornec, J.H.; Harris, R.S. (2012). "The New Central American Tektite Strewn Field Update". 43rd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, Houston, Texas. Abstract No. 1260. http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2012/pdf/1260.pdf.
- ↑ Schwarz, W.H.; Trieloff, M.; Bollinger, K.; Gantert, N.; Fernandes, V.A.; Meyer, H.P.; Povenmire, H.; Jessberger, E.K. et al. (2016). "Coeval ages of Australasian, Central American and Western Canadian tektites reveal multiple impacts 790 ka ago". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 178: 307–319. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2015.12.037. Bibcode: 2016GeCoA.178..307S.
- ↑ Koeberl, C.; Glass, B.P.; Schulz, T.; Wegner, W.; Giuli, G.; Cicconi, M.R.; Trapananti, A.; Stabile, P. et al. (2022). "Tektite glasses from Belize, Central America: Petrography, geochemistry, and search for a possible meteoritic component". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 325: 232–257. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2022.02.021. Bibcode: 2022GeCoA.325..232K.
- ↑ Drake, Simon M.; Beard, Andrew D.; Jones, Adrian P.; Brown, David J.; Fortes, A. Dominic; Millar, Ian L.; Carter, Andrew; Baca, Jergus et al. (2017). "Discovery of a meteoritic ejecta layer containing unmelted impactor fragments at the base of Paleocene lavas, Isle of Skye, Scotland". Geology 46 (2): 171. doi:10.1130/g39452.1. Bibcode: 2018Geo....46..171D.
- ↑ Simms, Michael J. (December 2015). "The Stac Fada impact ejecta deposit and the Lairg Gravity Low: evidence for a buried Precambrian impact crater in Scotland?". Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 126 (6): 742–761. doi:10.1016/j.pgeola.2015.08.010. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282570971. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
- ↑ Kenny, G.G.; O’Sullivan, G.J.; Alexander, S.; Simms, M.J.; Chew, D.M.; Kamber, B.S. (2019). "On the track of a Scottish impact structure: a detrital zircon and apatite provenance study of the Stac Fada Member and wider Stoer Group, NW Scotland". Geological Magazine 156 (11): 1863–1876. doi:10.1017/S0016756819000220. Bibcode: 2019GeoM..156.1863K. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/197844/8/on_the_track_of_a_scottish_impact_structure_a_detrital_zircon_and_apatite_provenance_study_of_the_stac_fada_member_and_wider_stoer_group_nw_scotland.pdf.
- ↑ Osinski, G.R.; Ferrière, L.; Hill, P.J.A.; Pave, A.R.; Preston, L.J.; Singleton, A.; Pickersgill, A.E. (2014). "The Mesoproterozoic Stac Fada Member, NW Scotland: an impact origin confirmed but refined". Journal of the Geological Society 178 (9): no. jgs2020-056.
- ↑ Sleep, N.H.; Lowe, D.R. (2004). "Physics of crustal fracturing and chert dike formation triggered by asteroid impact, ~3.26 Ga, Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa". Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 159 (4): 1045–1070.
- ↑ Lowe, D.R.; Byerly, G.R.; Kyte, F.T. (2014). "Recently discovered 3.42–3.23 Ga impact layers, Barberton Belt, South Africa: 3.8 Ga detrital zircons, Archean impact history, and tectonic implications". Geology 42 (9): 747–750. doi:10.1130/G35743.1. Bibcode: 2014Geo....42..747L.
- ↑ Glikson, A.; Hickman, A.; Evans, N.J.; Kirkland, C.L.; Park, J.W.; Rapp, RS.; Romanon, S. (2016). "A new ~3.46 Ga asteroid impact ejecta unit at Marble Bar, Pilbara Craton, Western Australia: A petrological, microprobe and laser ablation ICPMS study". Precambrian Research 279: 103–122. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2016.04.003. Bibcode: 2016PreR..279..103G.
- ↑ Weidinger JT, Korup O (2008). "Frictionite as evidence for a large Late Quaternary rockslide near Kanchenjunga, Sikkim Himalayas, India – Implications for extreme events in mountain relief destruction". Geomorphology 103 (1): 57–65. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.10.021. Bibcode: 2009Geomo.103...57W.
- ↑ Mika McKinnon (2015). This Is Not A Crater, So What Is It? at space.gizmodo.com
- ↑ Dietz, R.S.; Fudali, R.; Cassidy, W. (1969). "Richat and Semsiyat Domes (Mauritania): Not Astroblemes". Geological Society of America 80 (7): 1367–1372. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1969)80[1367:rasdmn2.0.co;2]. Bibcode: 1969GSAB...80.1367D. http://gsabulletin.gsapubs.org/content/80/7/1367.short.
Bibliography
- Mikheeva, Anna. 2019. The Complete Catalog of the Earth's Impact structures, 1. Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics SB RAS. Accessed 2019-04-02.
External links
- Earth Impact Database – List of confirmed earth impact sites at the Planetary and Space Science Centre, University of New Brunswick
- Impact Database (formerly Suspected Earth Impact Sites list) maintained by David Rajmon for Impact Field Studies Group, US
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