Social:Banjarese language

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Short description: Native language of Banjarese people
Banjarese
basa Banjar
jaku Banjar
باس بنجر
Native toIndonesia
Region
  • South Kalimantan
  • Central Kalimantan
  • East Kalimantan
EthnicityBanjarese
Native speakers
L1: 4,127,124 (2010 census)[1]
L1 & L2: ~10,650,000
Austronesian
  • Malayo-Polynesian
    • Malayic
      • Banjarese
Standard forms
Standard Banjarese
Dialects
  • Latin (predominantly)
  • Jawi (sometimes)
Official status
Recognised minority
language in
Indonesia
  • South Kalimantan
  • East Kalimantan
Regulated byBadan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa
Language codes
ISO 639-3bjn
Glottologbanj1241[6]
Linguasphere31-MFA-fd
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

File:WIKITONGUES- Nurkhalis speaking Banjar.webm

The Banjar or Banjarese (basa Banjar; jaku Banjar, Jawi: باس بنجر) is an Austronesian language predominantly spoken by the Banjarese—an indigenous ethnic group native to Banjar regions— in the southeastern Kalimantan of Indonesia. The Banjarese language is the de facto lingua franca for various indigenous community especially in South Kalimantan, as well as Central Kalimantan (notably in Seruyan Regency and Sukamara Regency) and East Kalimantan in general.

Apart from the native Banjarese in Indonesia, the Banjarese language also spoken by little Banjarese diaspora abroad (such as in Brunei, Malaysia (notably in Sabah and Perak), and Singapore); however, they tend to not use it as their primary language, and their fluency degree is questionable.

Dialects

There are at least three divisions of dialects within the Banjarese language:

  1. Banjar Hulu[2][3]
  2. Banjar Kuala[4][5]

According to Cense,[7] the Banjar Hulu dialect are predominantly spoken by Banjarese people in the South Hulu Sungai Regency and North Hulu Sungai Regency regions.

Phonology

Consonants

The consonantal inventory of Banjarese language is shown below. All but [ʔ] occur at the onset of a syllable:[8]

Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Plosive/
Affricate 		voiceless p t tʃ k (ʔ)
voiced b d dʒ ɡ
Fricative s h
Lateral l
Rhotic r
Approximant w j
  • [ʔ] is an allophone of /k/ at the end of a word.
  • The following consonants can close a CVC syllable: /p t k m n ŋ s h r l/. Words cannot begin with consonant clusters. Within a root, an NC sequence will always be homorganic, though reduplication and a few prefixes such as sing- can produce other sequences, e.g. /ŋb, ŋp, ŋt, ŋr, ŋl, kr, /. Other medial sequences include /kt/, /kn/, /ŋn/, /nɲ/, /st/, /sn/, /hk/, /hj/, /lk/ and /rɡ/.[2]

Vowels

Sudarmo finds five monophthongs:[8]

Front Central Back
Close i u
Mid ɛ (ə) o
Open a

Template:IPA blink is an allophone of Template:IPA slink.

Durasid finds three monophthongs and three diphthongs in Pahuluan Banjarese:[2]

Front Central Back
Close i u
Open a

Regionally, /a/ has an allophone [ə] and /u/ has an allophone [ɔ]. The diphthongs are /ai/, /au/, /ui/. Loans with /e/ or /o/ are assimilated to these three vowels. E.g. kréték is realized as [karitik]. However, since most Banjarese speakers are effectively bilingual, this realization becomes rarer.

Alphabet

The standard alphabet is as follows:[9]

Alphabet
a b c d é g h i j k l m n ny ng o p r s t u w y
Phonetic value
a b tʃ d ɛ ɡ h i dʒ k l m n ɲ ŋ o p r s t u w j

See also

  • Banjar people
  • Banjarmasin
  • South Kalimantan
  • Paradisec

References

  1. ↑ (in id) Kewarganegaraan, Suku Bangsa, Agama, dan Bahasa Sehari-hari Penduduk Indonesia (Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2010), Jakarta: Central Bureau of National Statistics of the Republic of Indonesia, 2010, https://www.bps.go.id/pressrelease/download.html?nrbvfeve=MTg1NA%3D%3D&sdfs=ldjfdifsdjkfahi&twoadfnoarfeauf=MjAyMS0wNy0xOSAxNzoyNzo0Ng%3D%3D 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 (in id) Bahasa Banjar Hulu. Jakarta: Language Development Center of the Republic of Indonesia. 1978. http://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/id/eprint/2355. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 (in id) Kamus Bahasa Banjar Dialek Hulu-Indonesia. Banjarmasin: Banjarmasin Linguistic Center, Department of National Education of the Republic of Indonesia. 2008. ISBN 978-979-685-776-0. http://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/id/eprint/2855. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 (in id) Struktur Bahasa Banjar Kuala. Jakarta: Language Development Center of the Republic of Indonesia. 1981. http://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/id/eprint/2402. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 (in id) Morfo Sintaksis Bahasa Banjar Kuala. Jakarta: Language Development Center of the Republic of Indonesia. 1986. http://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/id/eprint/3150. 
  6. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "Banjarese". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/banj1241. 
  7. ↑ A.A.Cee - E.M. Uhienbeck, Critical Survey of Studies on the Language of Borneo, 'S-Gravenhage-Martinus Nijhoff. 1958, hal. 9.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Sudarmo, Sudarmo (2016). Fonotaktik Bahasa Banjar. Jurnal Bahasa Sastra Dan Pembelajarannya 6. 
  9. ↑ Hapip, Abdul Jebar (2006). Kamus Banjar Indonesia, Cetakan V.. 

Bibliography

External links



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