Social:National camp
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In Israeli politics, the national camp (Hebrew: המחנה הלאומי) or right-wing bloc is an informal coalition of nationalist and right-wing, religious conservative political parties that since 1977 has frequently co-operated to form governments.[1]
The coalition is led by Likud, and includes parties to its political right as well as religious parties. Generally, the two Haredi parties (Shas and the United Torah Judaism alliance) align with Likud. In the past, the coalition has included the National Religious Party, the National Union, Gesher, Tkuma, The Jewish Home, the New Right, Yisrael Beiteinu (until late 2019) and Zehut.[2][3][4][5][6][7]
Right-wing bloc
Following the September 2019 Israeli legislative election, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu formed a "right-wing bloc" for the purposes of coalition negotiations, consisting of Likud, Shas, United Torah Judaism and Yamina, that would support Netanyahu as Prime Minister.[8] In February 2021, Yamina left the bloc to pursue negotiations with opposition parties, and the Religious Zionist Party, which had split from Yamina, also declined to sign on, despite supporting Netanyahu as Prime Minister.[9] However, the Religious Zionist Party later rejoined the bloc and participated in bloc meetings.[10]
Following the fall of the Netanyahu government in June 2021, the four parties of the right-wing bloc went into the opposition, but continued to hold regular joint meetings in Netanyahu's office.[11][12]
The bloc returned to power under Netanyahu's leadership following the 2022 Israeli legislative election, forming the thirty-seventh government of Israel.[13]
Composition
Current
| Name | Years | Position | Ideology | Leader | MKs | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Likud | 1977–present | Centre-right to right-wing | Conservatism | Benjamin Netanyahu | 32 / 120
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| Shas | 1984–present | Right-wing | Religious conservatism (Sephardi-Haredi) | Aryeh Deri | 11 / 120
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| United Torah Judaism[a] | 1992–present | Right-wing | Religious conservatism (Ashkenazi-Haredi) | Yitzhak Goldknopf | 7 / 120
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| Mafdal – Religious Zionism[b] | 2023–present | Far-right | Religious Zionism, Ultranationalism | Bezalel Smotrich | 7 / 120
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| Otzma Yehudit | 2013–present | Far-right | Kahanism | Itamar Ben-Gvir | 6 / 120
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| Noam | 2019–present | Far-right | Religious Zionism, Social conservatism | Avi Maoz | 1 / 120
| ||
^ a: Includes Agudat Israel and Degel HaTorah.
^ b: Merger of National Union-Tkuma and The Jewish Home.
Right-wing parties not in the bloc
| Name | Years | Position | Ideology | Leader | MKs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yisrael Beiteinu | 1999–2019 | Centre-right to right-wing | National liberalism | Avigdor Lieberman | 6 / 120
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 5%; height: 100%;"> | |
In January 2022, Israeli Prime Minister Naftali Bennett suggested he was planning to form a "new national camp" with Yamina, Yisrael Beiteinu and New Hope, excluding Likud.[14] The three parties parted their ways during the collapse of 36th Cabinet of Israel.
The national camp in the Knesset
| Knesset | Years | Leader | MKs |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1949–1951 | Menachem Begin | 38 / 120
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| 2 | 1951–1955 | Peretz Bernstein | 43 / 120
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 36%; height: 100%;"> |
| 3 | 1955–1959 | Menachem Begin | 45 / 120
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 38%; height: 100%;"> |
| 4 | 1959–1961 | Menachem Begin | 43 / 120
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 36%; height: 100%;"> |
| 5 | 1961–1965 | Menachem Begin | 52 / 120
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 43%; height: 100%;"> |
| 6 | 1965–1969 | Menachem Begin | 48 / 120
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 40%; height: 100%;"> |
| 7 | 1969–1974 | Menachem Begin | 50 / 120
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 42%; height: 100%;"> |
| 8 | 1974–1977 | Menachem Begin | 58 / 120
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 48%; height: 100%;"> |
| Knesset | Years | Leader | MKs |
|---|---|---|---|
| 9 | 1977–1981 | Menachem Begin | 63 / 120
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 53%; height: 100%;"> |
| 10 | 1981–1984 | Menachem Begin, Yitzhak Shamir | 64 / 120
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 53%; height: 100%;"> |
| 11 | 1984–1988 | Yitzhak Shamir | 61 / 120
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 51%; height: 100%;"> |
| 12 | 1988–1992 | Yitzhak Shamir | 65 / 120
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 54%; height: 100%;"> |
| 13 | 1992–1996 | Yitzhak Shamir, Benjamin Netanyahu | 59 / 120
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 49%; height: 100%;"> |
| 14 | 1996–1999 | Benjamin Netanyahu | 64 / 120
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 53%; height: 100%;"> |
| 15 | 1999–2003 | Benjamin Netanyahu, Ariel Sharon | 60 / 120
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 50%; height: 100%;"> |
| 16 | 2003–2006 | Ariel Sharon | 69 / 120
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 58%; height: 100%;"> |
| 17 | 2006–2009 | Benjamin Netanyahu | 50 / 120
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 42%; height: 100%;"> |
| 18 | 2009–2013 | Benjamin Netanyahu | 65 / 120
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 54%; height: 100%;"> |
| 19 | 2013–2015 | Benjamin Netanyahu | 61 / 120
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 51%; height: 100%;"> |
| 20 | 2015–2019 | Benjamin Netanyahu | 67 / 120
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 56%; height: 100%;"> |
| 21 | 2019–2019 | Benjamin Netanyahu | 65 / 120
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 54%; height: 100%;"> |
| 22 | 2019–2020 | Benjamin Netanyahu | 55 / 120
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 46%; height: 100%;"> |
| 23 | 2020–2021 | Benjamin Netanyahu | 58 / 120
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 48%; height: 100%;"> |
| 24 | 2021–2022 | Benjamin Netanyahu | 59 / 120
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 49%; height: 100%;"> |
| 25 | 2022–present | Benjamin Netanyahu | 64 / 120
<div style="background-color: Script error: No such module "Political party".; width: 53%; height: 100%;"> |
References
- ↑ Shamir, Michal (2017). The Elections in Israel 2015. Taylor & Francis. p. 77.
- ↑ Shamir, Michal (2017). The Elections in Israel 2015. Taylor & Francis. p. 83.
- ↑ Orkibi, Eithan (2017). Israel at the Polls 2013: Continuity and Change in Israeli Political Culture. Routledge.
- ↑ "Revived Labor Party To Bury Barak's Career". Arutz Sheva. 14 September 2011. http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/147882.
- ↑ "Naftali Bennett and Ayelet Shaked quit Jewish Home to set up new party". The Jewish Chronicle. 30 December 2018. https://www.thejc.com/news/israel/naftali-bennett-and-ayelet-shaked-quit-jewish-home-to-set-up-new-party-1.477841.
- ↑ "Zehut Party submits slate, will not join United Right". Jewish News Syndicate. 1 August 2019. https://www.jns.org/zehut-party-submits-slate-will-not-join-united-right/. Retrieved 1 August 2019.
- ↑ "Israel's 35th government deal". TV7. 1 August 2019. https://www.tv7israelnews.com/israels-35th-government-deal/. Retrieved 1 August 2019.
- ↑ "Netanyahu: It's either my right-wing bloc, or a dangerous Arab-backed government". https://www.timesofisrael.com/likud-says-right-wing-haredi-factions-to-operate-as-bloc-in-coalition-talks/.
- ↑ "Haredi parties pledge loyalty to Netanyahu; Smotrich's Religious Zionism doesn't". https://www.timesofisrael.com/haredi-parties-pledge-loyalty-to-netanyahu-refuse-to-join-any-other-coalition/.
- ↑ "Netanyahu calls emergency meeting of right-wing bloc". 3 June 2021. https://www.jns.org/netanyahu-calls-emergency-meeting-of-right-wing-bloc/.
- ↑ "Netanyahu: We will topple the 'fraudulent' Bennett government". Haaretz. https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/elections/EXT-LIVE-after-swearing-in-bennett-s-new-coalition-to-meet-with-president-1.9902709#7012936042.
- ↑ "Despite resigning as MK in plea deal, Deri to continue leading Shas Knesset activity". Times of Israel. 27 January 2022. https://www.timesofisrael.com/despite-resignation-deri-to-continue-near-full-slate-of-knesset-activities/.
- ↑ "Netanyahu-led right-wing bloc wins Israeli election". https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/netanyahu-led-right-wing-bloc-wins-israeli-election/2729234.
- ↑ "Bennett said to eye 'new national camp' with coalition partners Liberman, Sa'ar". Times of Israel. 29 January 2022. https://www.timesofisrael.com/bennett-said-to-eye-new-national-camp-with-coalition-partners-liberman-saar/.
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