Earth:2Blades

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Short description: Non-profit agricultural phytopathology organization

2Blades is an agricultural phytopathology non-profit[1][2] which performs research to improve durable genetic resistance in crops,[3][4][5] and funds other researchers to do the same. 2Blades was co-founded by Dr. Roger Freedman and Dr. Diana Horvath[6] in 2004.[7]

Funding source

2Blades is partly funded by the Gatsby Charitable Foundation[3][8] does its research at The Sainsbury Laboratory,[9][10] among other locations [which?].[10] One co-founder, Chairman Roger Freedman also works for Gatsby, which was founded by Lord David Sainsbury.[11] Freedman had pitched an idea to Sainsbury's venture capital company to begin investing in plant genetic engineering technologies, and although the board did so, they found someone else to lead it.[12] Freedman had wanted to run it, but was told that was not for him by Sainsbury.[12] Indeed, soon thereafter Sainsbury set up another early investment company specifically for Freedman and a colleague, and a separate non-profit for Freedman to grant money, both for plant science.[12] The non-profit was 2Blades.[12]

Research activities

2Blades routinely works in partnership with other crop disease organizations like CIMMYT[4] and BGRI.[13] The foundation also conducts research in partnerships with the industry, including with Bayer CropScience[14][15][16] and Monsanto.[17] The organisation's End the Blight campaign has been joined by CIP (the International Potato Center)[18] and Chairman of Joseph P. Kennedy Enterprises Christopher Kennedy. This campaign is advancing research and delivering cultivars specifically for Phytophthora infestans in Africa. Mr Kennedy is chairman of 2Blades African Potato Initiative which is funding the delivery of a Victoria-based cultivar to East African markets.[19]

Crops and pathogens of research interest to the foundation include P. infestans on potato,[20] rye,[21] Phakopsora pachyrhizi on soybean,[14][17] Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici on wheat,[22] and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense on Musa spp.[23]

References

  1. ↑ "2Blades Foundation". 2021-05-14. https://www.guidestar.org/profile/56-2455310. 
  2. ↑ "2Blades Foundation - Evanston, IL". https://www.causeiq.com/organizations/2blades-foundation,562455310/. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "2Blades Foundation, Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research, and UC Berkeley to Collaborate on Advanced Gene Editing to Fight Plant Disease in Wheat". 2020-08-06. http://www.seedtoday.com/article/208210/ffar-grant-addresses-wheat-crop-disease-using-gene-editing. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "2Blades visita el CIMMYT" (in es). 2016-01-07. http://www.cimmyt.org/es/uncategorized/2blades-visita-el-cimmyt/. 
  5. ↑ "Two Blades Foundation". 2010-01-01. https://ipira.berkeley.edu/two-blades-foundation. 
  6. ↑ "Diana, Author at 2Blades Foundation". 2020-05-08. http://2blades.org/author/wpadmin/. 
  7. ↑ Ferry, Georgina (2017). A Better World is Possible: the Gatsby Charitable Foundation and Social Progress. London: Profile Books. ISBN 978-1-78283-385-7. OCLC 1009206455.  p. 121
  8. ↑ "USDA awards grant to 2Blades Foundation to study wild wheat to help prevent diseases". 2020-06-17. http://www.thefencepost.com/news/usda-awards-grant-to-2blades-foundation-to-study-wild-wheat-to-help-prevent-diseases/. 
  9. ↑ "The 2Blades Group Archives". 2021-06-05. http://www.tsl.ac.uk/groups/twoblades/. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "UNC biologist is part of global effort that will investigate plant immunity". September 15, 2015. http://college.unc.edu/2015/09/plantgrantdangl/. 
  11. ↑ "Final Progress Report". Gordon Research Conference on Plant Molecular Biology. July 18–23, 2010. http://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1028646. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 "A Conversation between 2Blades Chair Roger Freedman and Our New Board Member Rob Horsch". 2020-07-01. http://2blades.org/2020/07/01/a-conversation-between-2blades-chair-roger-freedman-and-new-board-member-rob-horsch/. 
  13. ↑ "Stacking plant disease resistance genes for improved resistance". 2021-03-30. http://bgri.cornell.edu/stacking-plant-disease-resistance-genes-for-improved-resistance/. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "Bayer, 2Blades Foundation Extend Agreement into 2023 to Bolster Asian Soybean Rust Research". 16 February 2021. http://www.croplife.com/industry-news/bayer-2blades-foundation-extend-agreement-into-2023-to-bolster-asian-soybean-rust-research/. 
  15. ↑ "Plant Experts Tag Team against Asian Soybean Rust". 2021-02-17. http://www.isaaa.org/kc/cropbiotechupdate/article/default.asp?ID=18597. 
  16. ↑ "Bayer Annual Report 2020". pp. 1–265. http://www.bayer.com/sites/default/files/2021-02/Bayer-Annual-Report-2020.pdf.  p. 46
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 "Monsanto and 2Blades Foundation Collaborate to Combat Devastating Soybean Disease". 2018-05-22. http://www.bloomberg.com/press-releases/2018-05-22/monsanto-and-2blades-foundation-collaborate-to-combat-devastating-soybean-disease. 
  18. ↑ "End the blight". http://endtheblight.com/. 
  19. ↑ Kennedy, Christopher. "An ask from Chris Kennedy". http://endtheblight.com/kennedy/. 
  20. ↑ "FUNDERS – Annual Report 2017". http://cipotato.org/annualreport2017/annualreport2017/donors/. 
  21. ↑ Rabanus-Wallace, M. Timothy; Hackauf, Bernd; Mascher, Martin; Lux, Thomas; Wicker, Thomas; Gundlach, Heidrun; Baez, Mariana; Houben, Andreas et al. (2021-03-18). "Chromosome-scale genome assembly provides insights into rye biology, evolution and agronomic potential". Nature Genetics (Nature Research) 53 (4): 564–573. doi:10.1038/s41588-021-00807-0. ISSN 1061-4036. PMID 33737754. 
  22. ↑ Luo, Ming; Xie, Liqiong; Chakraborty, Soma; Wang, Aihua; Matny, Oadi; Jugovich, Michelle; Kolmer, James A.; Richardson, Terese et al. (2021-01-04). "A five-transgene cassette confers broad-spectrum resistance to a fungal rust pathogen in wheat". Nature Biotechnology (Nature Research) 39 (5): 561–566. doi:10.1038/s41587-020-00770-x. ISSN 1087-0156. PMID 33398152. https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-03906159/file/A%20five%20transgenne%20cassette%20confers%20broad-spectrum%20resistance.pdf. 
  23. ↑ "Fighting Fusarium wilt to beat the bananapocalypse". 2017-08-07. http://globalplantcouncil.org/beat-the-bananapocalypse/. 

Bibliography of affiliated personnel

  • Freedman, Roger Prester (23 October 1969). Some features of the structure and function of the genetic elements of bacteriophages (PhD). University of Cambridge Laboratory of Molecular Biology. p. 165. (ISNI 0000000134837464). BLDSC number: D1141/71. Jisc text ill. BL EThOS ID uk.bl.ethos.455951
  • Horvath, Diana (1991). Investigation of the MerR and PcoR metalloregulatory proteins: Molecular mechanisms of mercury and copper signal transduction and transcriptional activation (Thesis). Northwestern University.
  • Schornack, Sebastian; Moscou, Matthew J.; Ward, Eric R.; Horvath, Diana M. (2013-08-04). "Engineering Plant Disease Resistance Based on TAL Effectors". Annual Review of Phytopathology (Annual Reviews) 51 (1): 383–406. doi:10.1146/annurev-phyto-082712-102255. ISSN 0066-4286. PMID 23725472. 
  • Dangl, Jeffery L.; Horvath, Diana M.; Staskawicz, Brian J. (2013-08-15). "Pivoting the Plant Immune System from Dissection to Deployment". Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 341 (6147): 746–751. doi:10.1126/science.1236011. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 23950531. Bibcode: 2013Sci...341..746D. 

External links




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