Chemistry:Polynitrides

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Polynitrides are solid chemical compounds with a large amount of nitrogen, beyond what would be expected from valencies. Some with N2 ions are termed pernitrides. Azides are not considered polynitrides, although pentazolates are.

They are formed at high pressures and mostly at high temperature.[1] But some are stable when decompressed to standard conditions. They are high energy materials, capable of exploding with high power. Some are very hard, almost as strong as diamond.[2]

List

formula crystal space group unit cell volume density at

pressure

comment reference
LiN Cmcm a = 3.819 b = 6.471 c = 3.446 78.6 [3]
LiN2 hexagonal P63/mmc a =2.631 c = 7.615 21.2 white [3]
LiN5 P2 [3]
BeN4 triclinic P1 a=2.4062 b=3.5119 c=3.506 α=104.29° β=111.39° γ=96.71° 85 GPa [4]
BeN4 monoclinic P21/c a=3.283 b=3.276 c=4.818 β=99.67° 1 bar 1D-chain [4]
Na3N8 tetragonal I41/amd a=4.9597 c=16.29 Z=4 400.7 [5]
NaN2 tetragonal P4/mmm a=3.001 c=4.101 Z=1 36.93 [5]
Mg2N4 [6]
MgN4 50 GPa [6]
K9N56 orthorhombic Ibam a=5.2380 b=34.560 c=23.205 Z=8 61 GPa [7]
TiN2 tetragonal I4/mcm a=4.322 c=5.269 [8]
VN2 tetragonal I4/mcm a=4.3015 c=4.9827 Z=4 92.195 5.6883 73.3 bulk modulus 347 GPa [9]
FeN2 orthorhombic Pnnm a=4.431 b=3.722 c=2.421 Z=2 39.93 58.5 [10]
FeN4 triclinic a=2.5089 b=3.524 c=3.5409 105.08 110.26 92.03 Z=1 28.09 106 [10]
CoN2 orthorhombic Pnnm 31 GPa bulk modulus 216 GPa [11]
ZnN4 orthorhombic Ibam 14-130 GPa 1D-chain [1]
YN6 100 GPa N189+ rings [12]
Y2N11 100 GPa N-double helix [12]
Y5N14 tetragonal P4/mbm a=8.451 c=4.7316 Z=2 337.93 6.296 50 [13]
RuN2 orthorhombic Pnnm [14]
RhN2 orthorhombic Pnnm bulk modulus 235 GPa [15]
PdN2 Pa3 [16]
CsN5 Pbca penazolate [17]
CsN5 triclinic P1 [17]
CeN4 I41/a a=6.711 c=2.879 chains [18]
CeN6 R3m a=5.890 c=4.108 hexazine [18]
CeN14 hexagonal P6mm a =5.748 c =2.447 sheet [18]
CeN17 hexagonal P6mm a=6.111 c=2.842 sheet [18]
ReN2 monoclinic P21/c a=3.625 b=6.407 c=4.948 β=111.48° 0 hard; bulk modulus 330 GPa; N24− & N3− [19]
OsN2 orthorhombic Pnnm bulk modulus 358 GPa [2]
IrN2 monoclinic P21/c bulk modulus 428 GPa [20][2]
PtN2 Pa3 bulk modulus 372 GPa [21]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Zhang, Yuchen; Huang, Xiaoli; Yao, Yansun; Zhang, Zihan; Tian, Fubo; Chen, Wuhao; Chen, Su; Jiang, Shuqing et al. (2022-03-16). "Dirac nodal-line semimetal zinc polynitride at high pressure" (in en). Physical Review B 105 (12): 125120. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.105.125120. ISSN 2469-9950. Bibcode: 2022PhRvB.105l5120Z. https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.105.125120. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Young, Andrea F.; Sanloup, Chrystele; Gregoryanz, Eugene; Scandolo, Sandro; Hemley, Russell J.; Mao, Ho-kwang (2006-04-20). "Synthesis of Novel Transition Metal Nitrides IrN 2 and OsN 2" (in en). Physical Review Letters 96 (15): 155501. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.155501. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 16712167. Bibcode: 2006PhRvL..96o5501Y. https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.155501. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Laniel, Dominique; Weck, Gunnar; Loubeyre, Paul (2018-09-04). "Direct Reaction of Nitrogen and Lithium up to 75 GPa: Synthesis of the Li 3 N, LiN, LiN 2 , and LiN 5 Compounds" (in en). Inorganic Chemistry 57 (17): 10685–10693. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01325. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 30137975. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01325. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Bykov, Maxim; Fedotenko, Timofey; Chariton, Stella; Laniel, Dominique; Glazyrin, Konstantin; Hanfland, Michael; Smith, Jesse S.; Prakapenka, Vitali B. et al. (2021-04-26). "High-Pressure Synthesis of Dirac Materials: Layered van der Waals Bonded BeN 4 Polymorph" (in en). Physical Review Letters 126 (17): 175501. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.175501. ISSN 0031-9007. PMID 33988447. Bibcode: 2021PhRvL.126q5501B. https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.175501. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Bykov, Maxim; Tasca, Kelin R.; Batyrev, Iskander G.; Smith, Dean; Glazyrin, Konstantin; Chariton, Stella; Mahmood, Mohammad; Goncharov, Alexander F. (2020-10-19). "Dinitrogen as a Universal Electron Acceptor in Solid-State Chemistry: An Example of Uncommon Metallic Compounds Na 3 (N 2 ) 4 and NaN 2" (in en). Inorganic Chemistry 59 (20): 14819–14826. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01863. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 33000943. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01863. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Laniel, Dominique; Winkler, Bjoern; Koemets, Egor; Fedotenko, Timofey; Bykov, Maxim; Bykova, Elena; Dubrovinsky, Leonid; Dubrovinskaia, Natalia (2019-10-04). "Synthesis of magnesium-nitrogen salts of polynitrogen anions" (in en). Nature Communications 10 (1): 4515. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-12530-w. ISSN 2041-1723. PMID 31586062. Bibcode: 2019NatCo..10.4515L. 
  7. ↑ Laniel, Dominique; Trybel, Florian; Yin, Yuqing; Fedotenko, Timofey; Khandarkhaeva, Saiana; Aslandukov, Andrey; Aprilis, Georgios; Abrikosov, Alexei I. et al. (May 2023). "Aromatic hexazine [N64− anion featured in the complex structure of the high-pressure potassium nitrogen compound K9N56"] (in en). Nature Chemistry 15 (5): 641–646. doi:10.1038/s41557-023-01148-7. ISSN 1755-4330. PMID 36879075. Bibcode: 2023NatCh..15..641L. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41557-023-01148-7. 
  8. ↑ Bhadram, Venkata S.; Kim, Duck Young; Strobel, Timothy A. (2016-03-22). "High-Pressure Synthesis and Characterization of Incompressible Titanium Pernitride" (in en). Chemistry of Materials 28 (6): 1616–1620. doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b00042. ISSN 0897-4756. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b00042. 
  9. ↑ Asano, Shuto; Niwa, Ken; Sasaki, Takuya; Gaida, Nico Alexander; Hasegawa, Masashi (2022). "High pressure synthesis and the valence state of vanadium ions for the novel transition metal pernitride, CuAl 2 -type VN 2" (in en). Dalton Transactions 51 (7): 2656–2659. doi:10.1039/D1DT04310B. ISSN 1477-9226. PMID 35106526. http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=D1DT04310B. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Bykov, M.; Bykova, E.; Aprilis, G.; Glazyrin, K.; Koemets, E.; Chuvashova, I.; Kupenko, I.; McCammon, C. et al. (2018-07-16). "Fe-N system at high pressure reveals a compound featuring polymeric nitrogen chains" (in en). Nature Communications 9 (1): 2756. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05143-2. ISSN 2041-1723. PMID 30013071. Bibcode: 2018NatCo...9.2756B. 
  11. ↑ Niwa, Ken; Terabe, Toshiki; Kato, Daiki; Takayama, Shin; Kato, Masahiko; Soda, Kazuo; Hasegawa, Masashi (2017-06-05). "Highly Coordinated Iron and Cobalt Nitrides Synthesized at High Pressures and High Temperatures" (in en). Inorganic Chemistry 56 (11): 6410–6418. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00516. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 28509545. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00516. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Aslandukov, Andrey; Trybel, Florian; Aslandukova, Alena; Laniel, Dominique; Fedotenko, Timofey; Khandarkhaeva, Saiana; Aprilis, Georgios; Giacobbe, Carlotta et al. (2022-08-22). "Anionic N 18 Macrocycles and a Polynitrogen Double Helix in Novel Yttrium Polynitrides YN 6 and Y 2 N 11 at 100 GPa" (in en). Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61 (34): e202207469. doi:10.1002/anie.202207469. ISSN 1433-7851. PMID 35726633. 
  13. ↑ Aslandukov, Andrey; Aslandukova, Alena; Laniel, Dominique; Koemets, Iuliia; Fedotenko, Timofey; Yuan, Liang; Steinle-Neumann, Gerd; Glazyrin, Konstantin et al. (2021-08-19). "High-Pressure Yttrium Nitride, Y 5 N 14 , Featuring Three Distinct Types of Nitrogen Dimers" (in en). The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 125 (32): 18077–18084. doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c06210. ISSN 1932-7447. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c06210. 
  14. ↑ Niwa, Ken; Suzuki, Kentaro; Muto, Shunsuke; Tatsumi, Kazuyoshi; Soda, Kazuo; Kikegawa, Takumi; Hasegawa, Masashi (2014-10-20). "Discovery of the Last Remaining Binary Platinum‐Group Pernitride RuN 2" (in en). Chemistry – A European Journal 20 (43): 13885–13888. doi:10.1002/chem.201404165. ISSN 0947-6539. PMID 25205266. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/chem.201404165. 
  15. ↑ Niwa, Ken; Dzivenko, Dmytro; Suzuki, Kentaro; Riedel, Ralf; Troyan, Ivan; Eremets, Mikhail; Hasegawa, Masashi (2014-01-21). "High Pressure Synthesis of Marcasite-Type Rhodium Pernitride" (in en). Inorganic Chemistry 53 (2): 697–699. doi:10.1021/ic402885k. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 24393052. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic402885k. 
  16. ↑ Crowhurst, Jonathan C.; Goncharov, Alexander F.; Sadigh, B.; Zaug, J.M.; Aberg, D.; Meng, Yue; Prakapenka, Vitali B. (January 2008). "Synthesis and characterization of nitrides of iridium and palladium" (in en). Journal of Materials Research 23 (1): 1–5. doi:10.1557/JMR.2008.0027. ISSN 0884-2914. Bibcode: 2008JMatR..23....1C. http://link.springer.com/10.1557/JMR.2008.0027. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Steele, Brad A.; Stavrou, Elissaios; Crowhurst, Jonathan C.; Zaug, Joseph M.; Prakapenka, Vitali B.; Oleynik, Ivan I. (2017-01-24). "High-Pressure Synthesis of a Pentazolate Salt" (in en). Chemistry of Materials 29 (2): 735–741. doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b04538. ISSN 0897-4756. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b04538. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 Wang, Yuanyuan; Li, Zhihui; Li, Ruixin; Li, Yi; Liu, Shuang; Yao, Zhen; Liu, Bingbing (24 July 2023). "Two Ultrahigh-Energy-Density Layered Cerium Polynitrides with Molecular Sieve Channel". Inorganic Chemistry 62 (29): 11674–11681. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01532. PMID 37417932. 
  19. ↑ Bykov, Maxim; Chariton, Stella; Fei, Hongzhan; Fedotenko, Timofey; Aprilis, Georgios; Ponomareva, Alena V.; Tasnádi, Ferenc; Abrikosov, Igor A. et al. (2019-07-05). "High-pressure synthesis of ultraincompressible hard rhenium nitride pernitride Re2(N2)(N)2 stable at ambient conditions" (in en). Nature Communications 10 (1): 2994. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-10995-3. ISSN 2041-1723. PMID 31278267. Bibcode: 2019NatCo..10.2994B. 
  20. ↑ Crowhurst, Jonathan C.; Goncharov, Alexander F.; Sadigh, B.; Zaug, J.M.; Aberg, D.; Meng, Yue; Prakapenka, Vitali B. (January 2008). "Synthesis and characterization of nitrides of iridium and palladium" (in en). Journal of Materials Research 23 (1): 1–5. doi:10.1557/JMR.2008.0027. ISSN 0884-2914. Bibcode: 2008JMatR..23....1C. http://link.springer.com/10.1557/JMR.2008.0027. 
  21. ↑ Crowhurst, Jonathan C.; Goncharov, Alexander F.; Sadigh, Babak; Evans, Cheryl L.; Morrall, Peter G.; Ferreira, James L.; Nelson, A. J. (2006-03-03). "Synthesis and Characterization of the Nitrides of Platinum and Iridium" (in en). Science 311 (5765): 1275–1278. doi:10.1126/science.1121813. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 16513980. Bibcode: 2006Sci...311.1275C. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1121813. 



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