Biology:Neolithodes
| Neolithodes | |
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| Neolithodes crab at the Davidson Seamount off California | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Malacostraca |
| Order: | Decapoda |
| Suborder: | Pleocyemata |
| Infraorder: | Anomura |
| Family: | Lithodidae |
| Genus: | Neolithodes Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1894 |
| Species | |
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Neolithodes is a genus of king crabs, in the family Lithodidae.[2] They are found in all major oceans, both in high and low latitudes. Although there are records from water as shallow as 124 m (407 ft) in cold regions, most records are much deeper, typically 700–2,000 m (2,300–6,600 ft), with the deepest confirmed at 5,238 m (17,185 ft).[3][4][5][6] They are fairly large to large crabs that typically are reddish in color and spiny, although the size of these spines varies depending on species (from long in species like N. grimaldii to very short in species like N. flindersi, and tending to be more pronounced in small than in large individuals).[5][7]
Various sessile organisms such as barnacles are sometimes attached to their carapace and legs,[4][8] and small commensal amphipods may live in their carapace.[9] They are occasionally the victims of parasitic snailfish of the genus Careproctus, which lay their egg mass in the gill chamber of the crab, forming a mobile "home" until they hatch.[5] Conversely, some juvenile Neolithodes have a commensal relationship with Scotoplanes sea cucumbers. To protect itself from large predators, the young crab hides under the sea cucumber.[10]
The word Neolithodes derives from the Greek neo, meaning new, and Lithodes, a closely related genus of king crab. The name of the latter genus originates from the Latin lithodes, meaning stone like.[11]
Species
The following 13 species are in this genus:[2]
| Image | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
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Neolithodes agassizii (Smith, 1882) | Western Atlantic | |
| Neolithodes asperrimus (Barnard, 1947) | South Africa , Mauritania | ||
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Neolithodes brodiei (Dawson & Yaldwyn, 1970) | New Zealand and adjacent waters | |
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Neolithodes bronwynae (Ahyong, 2010) | Rock crab | Bay of Plenty, Lord Howe Rise, possibly New Caledonia |
| Neolithodes capensis (Stebbing, 1905) | Southern Ocean, Indian Ocean, Bellingshausen Sea | ||
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Neolithodes diomedeae (Benedict, 1894) | Eastern Pacific,Southwestern Atlantic, Southern Ocean | |
| Neolithodes duhameli (Macpherson, 2004) | Crozet Islands | ||
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Neolithodes flindersi (Ahyong, 2010) | Southeastern Australia | |
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Neolithodes grimaldii (Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1894) | Porcupine crab | North Atlantic |
| Neolithodes indicus (Padate, Cubelio & Takeda, 2020) | Arabian Sea | ||
| Neolithodes nipponensis (Sakai 1971) | Japan and Taiwan | ||
| Neolithodes vinogradovi (Macpherson, 1988) | Range from the Arabian Sea to the Coral Sea | ||
| Neolithodes yaldwyni (Ahyong & Dawson, 2006) | Ross Sea |
References
- ↑ Türkay, Michael. "Neolithodes Milne-Edwards & Bouvier, 1894". World Register of Marine Species. http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=106846.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Neolithodes A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier 1894 | Names". https://eol.org/pages/46505295/names.
- ↑ Stevens, Bradley G., ed (2014). King Crabs of the World: Biology and Fisheries Management. CRC Press. doi:10.1201/b16664. ISBN 978-1-4398-5541-6.[page needed]
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Quigley, Declan T. G.; Flannery, Kevin (April 1997). "Neolithodes grimaldii Milne Edwards & Bouvier 1894 (Lithodes goodei Benedict 1895) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) in Irish offshore waters". Irish Naturalists' Journal 25 (10): 373–374. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277142759. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Ahyong, Shane T. (18 February 2010). "Neolithodes flindersi, a new species of king crab from southeastern Australia (Crustacea: Decapoda: Lithodidae)". Zootaxa 2362: 55–62. doi:10.5281/zenodo.193654. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289804861. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
- ↑ Macpherson, Enrique (2001). "New species and new records of lithodid crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda) from the southwestern and central Pacific Ocean". Zoosystema 23 (4): 797–805. https://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/12131/12131.pdf. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
- ↑ "Neolithodes grimaldii". Newfoundland and Labrador Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture. http://www.fishaq.gov.nl.ca/research_development/fdp/fdp_151.pdf.
- ↑ Williams, Ruth; Moyse, John (May 1988). "Occurrence, Distribution, and Orientation of Poecilasma kaempferi Darwin (Cirripedia: Pedunculata) Epizoic on Neolithodes grimaldi Milne-edwards and Bouvier (Decapoda: Anomura) in the Northeast Atlantic". Journal of Crustacean Biology 8 (2): 177–186. doi:10.2307/1548310.
- ↑ Soto, Luis A.; Corona, Adriana (31 December 2007). "Gammaropsis (Podoceropsis) grasslei (Amphipoda: Photidae) a new species of commensal amphipod of the deep-water lithodid Neolithodes diomedeae from the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California". Zootaxa 1406: 33–39. doi:10.5281/zenodo.175510.
- ↑ Barry, James P.; Taylor, Josi R.; Kuhnz, Linda A.; DeVogelaere, Andrew P. (15 October 2016). "Symbiosis between the holothurian Scotoplanes sp. A and the lithodid crab Neolithodes diomedeae on a featureless bathyal sediment plain". Marine Ecology 38 (2): e12396. doi:10.1111/maec.12396.
- ↑ Emmerson, W.D. (2017). A Guide to, and Checklist for, the Decapoda of Namibia, South Africa and Mozambique. 2. Cambridge Scholars Publishing (published July 2016). pp. 90–93. ISBN 978-1-4438-9097-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=QzLZDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA90.
External links
Wikidata ☰ Q4487123 entry
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