Biology:Saccharum

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Short description: Genus of grasses

Saccharum
Saccharum officinarum - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-125.jpg
Saccharum officinarum[3]
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Subfamily: Panicoideae
Supertribe: Andropogonodae
Tribe: Andropogoneae
Subtribe: Saccharinae
Genus: Saccharum
L.
Type species
Saccharum officinarum
Synonyms[4]
  • Erianthus Michx.
  • Narenga Bor
  • Saccharifera Stokes
  • Syllepis E.Fourn.

Saccharum is a genus of tall perennial plants of the broomsedge tribe within the grass family.[5]

The genus is widespread across tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions in Africa, Eurasia, Australia , the Americas, and assorted oceanic islands. Several species are cultivated and naturalized in areas outside their native habitats.[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]

Saccharum includes the sugarcanes. They have stout, jointed, fibrous stalks that are generally rich in sugar, and measure two to six m (6 to 19 ft) tall. All sugarcane species interbreed and the major commercial cultivars are complex hybrids.

Species

(As of September 2021), Plants of the World Online accepted the following species:[4]

  • Saccharum alopecuroidum (L.) Nutt. - southeastern USA
  • Saccharum angustifolium (Nees) Trin. - South America
  • Saccharum asperum (Nees) Steud. - South America
  • Saccharum baldwinii Spreng. - southeastern USA
  • Saccharum beccarii (Stapf) Cope - Sumatra
  • Saccharum brevibarbe (Michx.) Pers. - southeastern USA
  • Saccharum coarctatum (Fern.) R. Webster - southeastern USA
  • Saccharum contortum (Baldwin ex Elliott) Nutt. - southeastern USA
  • Saccharum fallax Balansa - China, Assam, southeast Asia
  • Saccharum filifolium Steud. - Afghanistan, Himalayas
  • Saccharum formosanum (Stapf) Ohwi - southern China
  • Saccharum giganteum (Walt.) Pers. - southeastern USA, Cuba, Jamaica, Paraguay, Argentina
  • Saccharum griffithii Munro ex Aitch. - from Yemen to Bangladesh
  • Saccharum intermedium Welker & Peichoto
  • Saccharum kajkaiense (Melderis) Melderis - Oman, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan
  • Saccharum longesetosum (Andersson) V.Naray. ex Bor - China, Himalayas, Indochina
  • Saccharum maximum (Brongn.) Trin. - Pacific Islands
  • Saccharum narenga (Nees ex Steud.) Hack. - China, Indian Subcontinent, Indochina, Ethiopia
  • Saccharum officinarum L. - New Guinea; naturalized in many warm places
  • Saccharum robustum Brandes & Jesw. ex Grassl - New Guinea
  • Saccharum rufipilum Steud. - China, Indian Subcontinent, Indochina
  • Saccharum sikkimense (Hook.f.) V.Naray. ex Bor - eastern Himalayas
  • Saccharum × sinense Roxb. – China
  • Saccharum spontaneum L. - Asia, Africa, Sicily, Papuasia
  • Saccharum stewartii Rajesw., R.R.Rao & Arti Garg - western Himalayas
  • Saccharum velutinum (Holttum) Cope - Peninsular Malaysia
  • Saccharum villosum Steud. - South America, Mesoamerica
  • Saccharum wardii (Bor) Bor ex Cope - Assam, Bhutan, Myanmar
  • Saccharum williamsii (Bor) Bor ex Cope - Nepal

Placed in Lasiorhachis by Plants of the World Online (As of September 2021):[14]

  • Saccharum hildebrandtii (Hack.) ClaytonLasiorhachis hildebrandtii
  • Saccharum perrieri (A.Camus) Clayton.Lasiorhachis perrieri
  • Saccharum viguieri (A.Camus) ClaytonLasiorhachis viguieri

Placed in Tripidium by Plants of the World Online (As of September 2021):[15]

  • Saccharum arundinaceum Retz. - East + South + Southeast Asia; New Guinea → Tripidium arundinaceum
  • Saccharum bengalense Retz. - India, Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan → Tripidium bengalense
  • Saccharum kanashiroi (Ohwi) Ohwi - Ryukyu Islands → Tripidium kanashiroi
  • Saccharum procerum Roxb. - China, Himalayas, Indochina → Tripidium procerum
  • Saccharum ravennae (L.) L. - Europe, Asia, Africa → Tripidium ravennae
  • Saccharum strictum (Host) Spreng. - from Italy to Iran → Tripidium strictum

Formerly included

Numerous species are now considered better suited in other genera: Andropogon, Chloris, Digitaria, Eriochrysis, Eulalia, Gynerium, Hemarthria, Imperata, Lophopogon, Melinis, Miscanthus, Panicum, Pappophorum, Paspalum, Perotis, Pogonatherum, Pseudopogonatherum, Spodiopogon, and Tricholaena.[6]

See also

References

  1. lectotype designated by Hitchcock, Prop. Brit. Bot. 119 (1929)
  2. Tropicos, Saccharum L.
  3. 1897 illustration from Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen
  4. 4.0 4.1 "Saccharum L.", Plants of the World Online (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew), https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:330004-2, retrieved 2021-09-05 
  5. Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 1: 54 in Latin
  6. 6.0 6.1 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  7. Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 576 甘蔗属 gan zhe shu Saccharum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 54. 1753.
  8. Flora of Pakistan, Saccharum Linn., Sp. Pl. 1: 54. 1753. Gen. Pl., ed. 5; 28.1754
  9. Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps
  10. Catasus Guerra, L. 1997. Las gramíneas (Poaceae) de Cuba, I. Fontqueria 46: [i–ii], 1–259.
  11. Davidse, G. & R. W. Pohl. 1994. 146. Saccharum L. 6: 378–379. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez & A.O. Chater (eds.) Flora Mesoamericana. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.
  12. Phillips, S. 1995. Poaceae (Gramineae). Flora of Ethiopia 7: i–xx, 1–420.
  13. Welker, C. A. D. & H. M. Longhi-Wagner. 2012. The genera Eriochrysis P. Beauv., Imperata Cirillo and Saccharum L. (Poaceae - Andropogoneae - Saccharinae) in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Botany 35(1): 87–105.
  14. "Lasiorhachis (Hack.) Stapf", Plants of the World Online (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew), https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:18350-1, retrieved 2021-09-05 
  15. "Tripidium H.Scholz", Plants of the World Online (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew), https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77075503-1, retrieved 2021-09-04 

External links

Wikidata ☰ Q17136949 entry