Biology:Saccharum
| Saccharum | |
|---|---|
| |
| Saccharum officinarum[3] | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Clade: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Poaceae |
| Subfamily: | Panicoideae |
| Supertribe: | Andropogonodae |
| Tribe: | Andropogoneae |
| Subtribe: | Saccharinae |
| Genus: | Saccharum L. |
| Type species | |
| Saccharum officinarum | |
| Synonyms[4] | |
| |
Saccharum is a genus of tall perennial plants of the broomsedge tribe within the grass family.[5]
The genus is widespread across tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions in Africa, Eurasia, Australia , the Americas, and assorted oceanic islands. Several species are cultivated and naturalized in areas outside their native habitats.[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]
Saccharum includes the sugarcanes. They have stout, jointed, fibrous stalks that are generally rich in sugar, and measure two to six m (6 to 19 ft) tall. All sugarcane species interbreed and the major commercial cultivars are complex hybrids.
Species
(As of September 2021), Plants of the World Online accepted the following species:[4]
- Saccharum alopecuroidum (L.) Nutt. - southeastern USA
- Saccharum angustifolium (Nees) Trin. - South America
- Saccharum asperum (Nees) Steud. - South America
- Saccharum baldwinii Spreng. - southeastern USA
- Saccharum beccarii (Stapf) Cope - Sumatra
- Saccharum brevibarbe (Michx.) Pers. - southeastern USA
- Saccharum coarctatum (Fern.) R. Webster - southeastern USA
- Saccharum contortum (Baldwin ex Elliott) Nutt. - southeastern USA
- Saccharum fallax Balansa - China, Assam, southeast Asia
- Saccharum filifolium Steud. - Afghanistan, Himalayas
- Saccharum formosanum (Stapf) Ohwi - southern China
- Saccharum giganteum (Walt.) Pers. - southeastern USA, Cuba, Jamaica, Paraguay, Argentina
- Saccharum griffithii Munro ex Aitch. - from Yemen to Bangladesh
- Saccharum intermedium Welker & Peichoto
- Saccharum kajkaiense (Melderis) Melderis - Oman, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan
- Saccharum longesetosum (Andersson) V.Naray. ex Bor - China, Himalayas, Indochina
- Saccharum maximum (Brongn.) Trin. - Pacific Islands
- Saccharum narenga (Nees ex Steud.) Hack. - China, Indian Subcontinent, Indochina, Ethiopia
- Saccharum officinarum L. - New Guinea; naturalized in many warm places
- Saccharum robustum Brandes & Jesw. ex Grassl - New Guinea
- Saccharum rufipilum Steud. - China, Indian Subcontinent, Indochina
- Saccharum sikkimense (Hook.f.) V.Naray. ex Bor - eastern Himalayas
- Saccharum × sinense Roxb. – China
- Saccharum spontaneum L. - Asia, Africa, Sicily, Papuasia
- Saccharum stewartii Rajesw., R.R.Rao & Arti Garg - western Himalayas
- Saccharum velutinum (Holttum) Cope - Peninsular Malaysia
- Saccharum villosum Steud. - South America, Mesoamerica
- Saccharum wardii (Bor) Bor ex Cope - Assam, Bhutan, Myanmar
- Saccharum williamsii (Bor) Bor ex Cope - Nepal
Placed in Lasiorhachis by Plants of the World Online (As of September 2021):[14]
- Saccharum hildebrandtii (Hack.) Clayton → Lasiorhachis hildebrandtii
- Saccharum perrieri (A.Camus) Clayton. → Lasiorhachis perrieri
- Saccharum viguieri (A.Camus) Clayton → Lasiorhachis viguieri
Placed in Tripidium by Plants of the World Online (As of September 2021):[15]
- Saccharum arundinaceum Retz. - East + South + Southeast Asia; New Guinea → Tripidium arundinaceum
- Saccharum bengalense Retz. - India, Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan → Tripidium bengalense
- Saccharum kanashiroi (Ohwi) Ohwi - Ryukyu Islands → Tripidium kanashiroi
- Saccharum procerum Roxb. - China, Himalayas, Indochina → Tripidium procerum
- Saccharum ravennae (L.) L. - Europe, Asia, Africa → Tripidium ravennae
- Saccharum strictum (Host) Spreng. - from Italy to Iran → Tripidium strictum
Formerly included
Numerous species are now considered better suited in other genera: Andropogon, Chloris, Digitaria, Eriochrysis, Eulalia, Gynerium, Hemarthria, Imperata, Lophopogon, Melinis, Miscanthus, Panicum, Pappophorum, Paspalum, Perotis, Pogonatherum, Pseudopogonatherum, Spodiopogon, and Tricholaena.[6]
See also
References
- ↑ lectotype designated by Hitchcock, Prop. Brit. Bot. 119 (1929)
- ↑ Tropicos, Saccharum L.
- ↑ 1897 illustration from Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Saccharum L.", Plants of the World Online (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew), https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:330004-2, retrieved 2021-09-05
- ↑ Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 1: 54 in Latin
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
- ↑ Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 576 甘蔗属 gan zhe shu Saccharum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 54. 1753.
- ↑ Flora of Pakistan, Saccharum Linn., Sp. Pl. 1: 54. 1753. Gen. Pl., ed. 5; 28.1754
- ↑ Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps
- ↑ Catasus Guerra, L. 1997. Las gramíneas (Poaceae) de Cuba, I. Fontqueria 46: [i–ii], 1–259.
- ↑ Davidse, G. & R. W. Pohl. 1994. 146. Saccharum L. 6: 378–379. In G. Davidse, M. Sousa Sánchez & A.O. Chater (eds.) Flora Mesoamericana. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.
- ↑ Phillips, S. 1995. Poaceae (Gramineae). Flora of Ethiopia 7: i–xx, 1–420.
- ↑ Welker, C. A. D. & H. M. Longhi-Wagner. 2012. The genera Eriochrysis P. Beauv., Imperata Cirillo and Saccharum L. (Poaceae - Andropogoneae - Saccharinae) in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Botany 35(1): 87–105.
- ↑ "Lasiorhachis (Hack.) Stapf", Plants of the World Online (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew), https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:18350-1, retrieved 2021-09-05
- ↑ "Tripidium H.Scholz", Plants of the World Online (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew), https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77075503-1, retrieved 2021-09-04
External links
Wikidata ☰ Q17136949 entry
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