Biology:Phaius

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Short description: Genus of orchids


Swamp orchids
Phaius rosellus (1847).jpg
Phaius rosellus
1847 illustration
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Tribe: Collabieae
Genus: Phaius
Lour.[1]
Synonyms[1]
  • Cyanorchis Thouars
  • Gastorchis Thouars
  • Hecabe Raf.
  • Pachyne Salisb.
  • Tankervillia Link
  • Limatodis Blume
  • Pesomeria Lindl.
  • Phajus Hassk.
  • Paraphaius J.W.Zhai & F.W.Xing

Phaius, commonly known as swamp orchids[2] or in Chinese as 鶴頂蘭屬/鹤顶兰属 (he ding lan shu),[3] is a genus of forty-five species of flowering plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. They are evergreen, terrestrial herbs which form clumps with crowded, sometimes stem-like pseudobulbs, large, pleated leaves and relatively large, often colourful flowers. Species in this genus are found in the tropical parts of Africa, Asia, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Australia , and various islands of the Pacific and Indian Oceans.[1] One species is also naturalized in Hawaii, Florida, and the Caribbean.[4]

Description

Orchids in the genus Phaius are evergreen, terrestrial, sympodial herbs with thin underground rhizomes and crowded above ground, sometimes stem-like pseudobulbs. There are several pleated, stalked leaves emerging from the pseudobulb. The flower stalk is unbranched and bears a few to many moderately large, resupinate, often colourful flowers. The sepals and petals are similar in size and shape and the labellum has three lobes and a shallow pouch near its base.[2][3][5][6][7]

Taxonomy and naming

The genus Phaius was first formally described in 1790 by João de Loureiro and the description was published in his book Flora Cochinchinensis.[8][9] The specific epithet (Phaius) is derived from the Ancient Greek word phaios meaning "dusky" or "brown",[10] referring to the brownish colour of the flowers of many species in this genus.[5]

List of species

The following is a list of Phaius species recognised by Plants of the World Online as of September 2023:[11]

  • Phaius amboinensis Blume (1856)
  • Phaius baconii J.J.Wood & Shim (1994)
  • Phaius borneensis J.J.Sm. (1903)
  • Phaius callosus (Blume) Lindl. (1831)
  • Phaius columnaris C.Z.Tang & S.J.Chen (1985)
  • Phaius cooperi Rolfe (1858)
  • Phaius corymbioides Schltr. (1911)
  • Phaius daenikeri Kraenzl. (1929)
  • Phaius ecalcaratus J.J.Sm., (1911)
  • Phaius flavus (Blume) Lindl., (1831)
  • Phaius grandiflorus (Nadeaud) Govaerts (2011)
  • Phaius gratus Blume (1856)
  • Phaius hainanensis C.Z.Tang & S.J.Chen (1982)
  • Phaius hekouensis Tsukaya, M.Nakaj. & S.K.Wu (2010)
  • Phaius indigofer Hassk. (1842)
  • Phaius indochinensis Seidenf. & Ormerod (1995)
  • Phaius labiatus J.J.Sm. (1920)
  • Phaius landyae P.J.Cribb & J.V.Stone (2017)
  • Phaius leonidii P.J.Cribb & J.V.Stone (2017)
  • Phaius longicornu Guillaumin (1957)
  • Phaius luridus Thwaites (1861)
  • Phaius lyonii Ames (1915)
  • Phaius mannii Rchb.f. (1881)
  • Phaius mishmensis (Lindl. & Paxton) Rchb.f. (1857)
  • Phaius montanus Schltr. (1912)
  • Phaius nanus Hook.f. (1890)
  • Phaius occidentalis Schltr. (1903)
  • Phaius pauciflorus (Blume) Blume (1856)
    • Phaius pauciflorus var. pallidus (Ridl.) Holttum (1947)
    • Phaius pauciflorus subsp. pauciflorus
    • Phaius pauciflorus var. punctatus (Lindl.) J.J.Sm. (1920)
    • Phaius pauciflorus subsp. sabahensis J.J.Wood & A.L.Lamb (1993)
    • Phaius pauciflorus var. sumatranus J.J.Sm. (1920)
  • Phaius philippinensis N.E.Br. (1889)
  • Phaius pictus T.E.Hunt (1952) (accepted by Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria)[12]
  • Phaius pulchellus Kraenzl. (1882)
    • Phaius pulchellus var. ambrensis Bosser (1971)
    • Phaius pulchellus var. andrambovatensis Bosser (1971)
    • Phaius pulchellus var. pulchellus
    • Phaius pulchellus var. sandrangatensis Bosser (1971)
  • Phaius reflexipetalus J.J.Wood & Shim (1994)
  • Phaius robertsii F.Muell. (1883)
  • Phaius stenocentron Schltr. (1911)
  • Phaius subtrilobus Ames & C.Schweinf. (1920)
  • Phaius takeoi (Hayata) H.J.Su (1989)
  • Phaius tankervilleae (Banks ex L'Hér.) Blume (1856)
    • Phaius tankervilleae var. antoninae (P.Balzer) J.V.Stone & P.J.Cribb (2017)
    • Phaius tankervilleae var. australis (F.Muell.) J.V.Stone & P.J.Cribb (2017)
    • Phaius tankervilleae var. baolocensis (Duy, Tao Chen & D.X.Zhang) J.V.Stone & P.J.Cribb (2017)
    • Phaius tankervilleae var. bernaysii (F.Muell. ex Rchb.f.) J.V.Stone & P.J.Cribb (2017)
    • Phaius tankervilleae var. devogelii J.V.Stone & P.J.Cribb (2017)
    • Phaius tankervilleae var. tankervilleae
  • Phaius tenuis Rchb.f. (1857)
  • Phaius tetragonus (Thouars) Rchb.f. (1855)
  • Phaius tonkinensis (Aver.) Leonid Vladimirovich Averyanov (ru) (2005)
  • Phaius trichoneurus Schltr. (1925)
  • Phaius wallichii Lindl. (1831)
  • Phaius wenshanensis F.Y.Liu (1991)


Distribution

Orchids in the genus Phaius are found in tropical Africa, India , tropical and subtropical China , Malaysia, the Philippines , Indonesia, New Guinea, New Caledonia, Polynesia and Australia. Nine species, four of which are endemic, occur in China and three species including two endemics are found in Australia . The Australian species are found in Queensland, the Northern Territory and New South Wales.[3][5]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Phaius". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://wcsp.science.kew.org/namedetail.do?name_id=150964. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. p. 361. ISBN 1877069124. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Chen, Xinqi; Cribb, Phillip J.; Bell, Alexandra. "Phaius". Flora of China. http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=124866. Retrieved 27 October 2018. 
  4. ↑ Biota of North America Program, county distribution map
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "Phaius". Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government. 2010. http://www.canbr.gov.au/cpbr/cd-keys/RFKOrchids/key/rfkorchids/Media/Html/genera/Phaius.htm. 
  6. ↑ Weston, Peter H.. "Phaius". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&showsyn=&dist=&constat=&lvl=gn&name=Phaius. Retrieved 29 October 2018. 
  7. ↑ "Genus Phaius". Orchids of New Guinea. http://www.orchidsnewguinea.com/orchid-information/genus/genuscode/39. Retrieved 29 October 2018. 
  8. ↑ "Phaius". APNI. https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/472611. Retrieved 29 October 2018. 
  9. ↑ de Loureiro, João (1790). Flora Cochinchinensis. 2. Lisbon. p. 517. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/192157#page/169/mode/1up. Retrieved 29 October 2018. 
  10. ↑ Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 168. 
  11. ↑ "Phaius". Plants of the World Online. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:325891-2#children. 
  12. ↑ "Phaius pictus". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/rest/name/apni/66005. 

External links

Wikidata ☰ Q2719951 entry



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