Biology:Chilo phragmitella
| Chilo phragmitella | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | Chilo |
| Species: | C. phragmitella
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| Binomial name | |
| Chilo phragmitella (Hübner, 1805)
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| Synonyms | |
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Chilo phragmitella is a species of moth of the family Crambidae, sometimes referred to by the vernacular names wainscot veneer[1] or reed veneer.[2] It was first described by Jacob Hübner between 1805 and 1810 as Tinea phragmitella, and is the type species of the genus Chilo.[3]
Chilo phragmitella occurs in wetland habitats with reed beds and paddy fields, and can be found in much of Europe, including Great-Britain, and parts of Asia.
Original description
Date of original description
The species was, as Tinea phragmitella,[4] first described by Jacob Hübner in his work Sammlung europäischer Schmetterlinge,[3] a multi-volume work with publication dates from 1793 to 1841.[5] Francis Hemming, in his 1937 systematic treatment[lower-alpha 1] of the entomological works of Jacob Hübner, narrowed the range of years in which the description of Tinea phragmitella may have been published to 1805–1810.[5]
Etymology
The specific name phragmitella refers to the species' larval food source.[6]
Distribution and habitat
Chilo phragmitella occurs in most of Europe,[4] including the British Isles.[7] It is also known from parts of Asia, including Iran,[8][9] Iraq,[9] Japan[9] and China.[9] It is found in wetlands with large reed beds[10] and paddy fields.[8]
Behaviour and appearance
Immature stages
Larvae are whitish and feed internally from stem and rootstock of common reed (Phragmites australis) and reed sweet-grass (Glyceria maxima).[7][11] Larvae take two years to mature.[12][13] Prior to pupation, the larva creates a hole in the stem to exit from as moth. Pupation occurs within the stem beneath the exit created by the larva.[7][14]
Adult
Adults are sexually dimorphic, with smaller, darker males. Wingspan is respectively 24–32 mm for males and 30–40 mm for females.[7] Both sexes have long labial palpi.[11] Female specimens of Chilo phragmitella may resemble those of Donacaula forficella.[6]
Depending on location, adults may be on wing from May to September.[citation needed] In Great-Britain, adults are on wing from June to July in a single generation.[7]
Handbook of British Lepidoptera
The following description of Chilo phragmitella was published in Edward Meyrick's 1895 A Handbook of British Lepidoptera:[15]
The face with a conical horny projection. The labial palpi longer than head and thorax. Forewings in female much narrower and more acute than in male ; pale ochreous, more or less suffused with brown, especially in male, tending to form dark streaks on and between veins ; a dark fuscous discal dot ; termen sinuate. Hindwings are pale whitish-ochreous or whitish, The larva is ochreous -whitish ; dorsal, subdorsal, and lateral lines reddish -brown ; head and plate of 2 yellowish -brown.
Notes and references
Notes
- ↑ Francis, Hemming (1937). Hübner: a bibliographical and systematic account of the entomological works of Jacob Hübner and of the supplements thereto by Carl Geyer, Gottfried Franz von Frölich and Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer. Royal Entomological Society of London.
References
- ↑ "Wainscot Veneer (Chilo phragmitella)" (in en). https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/325424-Chilo-phragmitella.
- ↑ Wheeler, Jim (2017). Micro moth vernacular names: a nomenclatural checklist of British microlepidoptera. ISBN 9780956835239. https://imoths.com/micromoths/downloads.php.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Bassi, G. (2021). "Notes from Old World Crambinae (II). New species of Chilo Zincken, 1817 (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea)" (in en). SHILAP Revista de lepidopterología 49 (196): 747–752. doi:10.57065/shilap.248. https://www.redalyc.org/journal/455/45569721019/html/.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Chilo phragmitella (Hübner, 1805) | Fauna Europaea". Museum für Naturkunde Berlin. https://fauna-eu.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/077e1eb6-684b-4026-b730-6b0a178789fc.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Watson, L.; Dallwitz, M.J. (14 April 2022). "Insects of Britain and Ireland - Hübner's collection: updated legends". https://www.delta-intkey.com/britin/phy/hubleg.htm.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Muus, T.S.T.; Corver, S.C. (2022). "Chilo phragmitella (Hubner, 1810)" (in nl). https://www.microvlinders.nl/soorten/species.php?speciescode=430770&p=1.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Goater, Barry (1986) (in English). British Pyralid Moths. Harley Books. pp. 22–23. ISBN 0946589089.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Jalaeian, M.; Golizadeh, A.; Sarafrazi, A. (August 2017). "The geographical distribution of moth stem borers (Lep.: Crambidae & Noctuidae) in paddy fields of Iran". Plant Pest Research (University of Guilan) 7 (2): Abstract. doi:10.22124/iprj.2017.2436. https://iprj.guilan.ac.ir/article_2436.html?lang=en.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Roohigohar, Sh; Alipanah, H.; Imani, S. (2016). "Crambinae of Iran (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea, Crambidae)" (in en). SHILAP Revista de lepidopterología 44 (175): 492. https://www.redalyc.org/journal/455/45549999012/html/. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
- ↑ "Chilo phragmitella | NatureSpot". https://www.naturespot.org.uk/species/chilo-phragmitella.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Kimber, Ian. "Chilo phragmitella | UKmoths" (in en). https://ukmoths.org.uk/species/chilo-phragmitella/.
- ↑ Schütze, K.T. (1931) (in German) (Scan/transcription). Die Biologie der Kleinschmetterlinge unter besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer Nährpflanzen und Erscheinungszeiten. p. 21. https://lepiforum.org/wiki/page/Schuetze_21. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
- ↑ Ellis, Willem N.. "Chilo phragmitella – Plant Parasites of Europe". https://bladmineerders.nl/parasites/animalia/arthropoda/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/apoditrysia/pyraloidea/crambidae/crambinae/chilo/chilo-phragmitella/.
- ↑ Watson, L.; Dallwitz, M.J. (14 April 2022). "Insects of Britain and Ireland: the genera of grass moths (Pyralidae-Crambinae and Schoenobiinae)". https://www.delta-intkey.com/britin/cra/www/chilo.htm.
- ↑ Meyrick, E., 1895 A Handbook of British Lepidoptera MacMillan, London pdf
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Keys and description
External links
Wikidata ☰ Q835465 entry
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