Biology:Trogon (genus)
| Trogon | |
|---|---|
| |
| Elegant trogon (Trogon elegans) | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Trogoniformes |
| Family: | Trogonidae |
| Genus: | Trogon Brisson, 1760 |
| Type species | |
| Trogon viridis Linnaeus, 1766
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| Species | |
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See text. | |
Trogon is a genus of Coraciimorphae birds in the trogon family. Its members occur in forests and woodlands of the Americas, ranging from southeastern Arizona to northern Argentina .
They have large eyes, stout hooked bills, short wings, and long, squared-off, strongly graduated tails; black and white tail-feather markings form distinctive patterns on the underside. Males have richly colored metallic plumage, metallic on the upperparts.[1] Although many have brightly coloured bare eye-rings, they lack the colorful patches of bare facial skin in their African counterparts, Apaloderma.[2] Females and young are duller and sometimes hard to identify in the field.[1] Eggs are white or bluish-white, unlike the pale blue eggs of quetzals.[2] See the family account for further details.
Taxonomy
The genus Trogon was introduced by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760 with the green-backed trogon (Trogon viridis) as the type species.[3][4] The name of the genus is from the Ancient Greek τρωγων trōgōn for "fruit-eating" or "gnawing".[5] The name had previously been used by the German naturalist Paul Möhring in 1752 for the blue-crowned trogon (Trogon curucui).[6]
The following cladogram shows the relationships between the 20 species placed in the genus. It is based on a molecular phylogenetic study by Jeffrey Dacosta and John Klicka that was published in 2008.[7] The cladogram incorporates the species splits that resulted from this study.[8]
| Trogon |
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Certain plumage features map onto the phylogeny. In Clade A the females are brown-backed while in the other two clades females are gray-backed. The males in Clade A are all green-headed. In Clade B the males are green-headed and have mostly dark undertail patterns. In Clade C males are blue- or black-headed and have white or contrasting black-and-white undertail patterns. The belly color does not map onto the phylogeny. For example, in Clade C Baird's trogon is red-bellied while the white-tailed trogon is yellow-bellied. Similarly, the blue-crowned trogon is red-bellied while the Guianan trogon is yellow-bellied.[7]
Species
The 20 species now recognised in the genus are:[8]
| Male | Female | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
120px | Black-throated trogon or Yellow-bellied Trogon | Trogon rufus | Honduras south to western Ecuador and northern Argentina |
.jpg) |
120px | Elegant trogon | Trogon elegans | Guatemala in the south as far north as the upper Gila River in Arizona and New Mexico |
.jpg) |
120px | Mountain trogon | Trogon mexicanus | Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico and has occurred in El Salvador |
_(15168087712).jpg) |
Collared trogon | Trogon collaris | northern Colombia, northern Venezuela and Trinidad and Tobago | |
 |
120px | Masked trogon | Trogon personatus | the Andes |
 |
120px | Lattice-tailed trogon | Trogon clathratus | Costa Rica and Panama |
.jpg) |
120px | Slaty-tailed trogon | Trogon massena | southeastern Mexico south through Central America, to Colombia, and a small region of northwestern Ecuador |
 |
Ecuadorian trogon | Trogon mesurus (split from T. melanurus) | western Ecuador and far north-western Peru | |
_-NW_Ecuador-8.jpg) |
Chocó trogon | Trogon comptus | western Colombia and north-western Ecuador. | |
.jpg) |
120px | Black-tailed trogon | Trogon melanurus | north-western South America and adjacent Panama |
 |
Citreoline trogon | Trogon citreolus | western Mexico | |
.jpg) |
120px | Black-headed trogon | Trogon melanocephalus | northern Colombia, northern Venezuela and Trinidad and Tobago |
,_male,_Restinga_de_Bertioga_-_SP_-_Brasil.jpg) |
120px | Green-backed trogon | Trogon viridis | the Amazon, the Guiana Shield, Trinidad, and the Atlantic Forest in eastern Brazil |
.jpg) |
120px | Baird's trogon | Trogon bairdii | Costa Rica and far western Panama |
 |
White-tailed trogon | Trogon chionurus (split from T. viridis) | Chocó, ranging from Panama, through western Colombia, to western Ecuador | |
 |
120px | Gartered trogon | Trogon caligatus (split from T. violaceus) | east-central Mexico, south through Central America, to west or north of the Andes in Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela |
| Amazonian trogon | Trogon ramonianus (split from T. violaceus) | the Amazon | ||
 |
120px | Surucua trogon | Trogon surrucura | south-eastern Brazil, eastern Paraguay, and far north-eastern Argentina and Uruguay |
 |
Guianan trogon | Trogon violaceus | Mexico, Central America, and northern South America | |
 |
Blue-crowned trogon | Trogon curucui | Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, and Peru |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Hilty, Steven L. (2003), Birds of Venezuela, Princeton University Press, pp. 438, ISBN 0-691-09250-8
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Williamson, Sheri L.; Colston, P. R. (2003), "Trogons", in Christopher Perrins, Firefly Encyclopedia of Birds, Firefly Books, pp. 362–363, ISBN 1-55297-777-3, https://archive.org/details/fireflyencyclope0000unse/page/362
- ↑ Brisson, Mathurin Jacques (1760) (in French, Latin). Ornithologie, ou, Méthode Contenant la Division des Oiseaux en Ordres, Sections, Genres, Especes & leurs Variétés. Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche. Vol. 1, p. 42, Vol. 4, p. 164.
- ↑ The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. 1: Non-passerines (4th ed.). Eastbourne, UK: Aves Press. 2013. p. 280. ISBN 978-0-9568611-0-8.
- ↑ Jobling, J.A. (2019). "Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology". in del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J. et al.. Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. https://www.hbw.com/dictionary/definition/trogon. Retrieved 9 April 2019.
- ↑ Möhring, Paul Heinrich Gerhard (1752) (in Latin). Avium Genera. Avricae: apvd G.G. Rvmp. p. 85, No. 114. https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33360749.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Dacosta, Jeffrey M.; Klicka, John (2008). "The great American interchange in birds: a phylogenetic perspective with the genus Trogon". Molecular Ecology 17 (5): 1328–1343. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03647.x. PMID 18302692. Bibcode: 2008MolEc..17.1328D.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds (2019). "Mousebirds, trogons, Cuckoo Roller". World Bird List Version 9.1. International Ornithologists' Union. https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/mousebirds/. Retrieved 7 April 2019.
Wikidata ☰ Q945088 entry
ca:Trogon
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