Biology:Fergusonina
| Fergusonina | |
|---|---|
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| Outline | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Fergusoninidae |
| Genus: | Fergusonina Malloch, 1924[1] |
| Type species | |
| Fergusonina microcera Malloch, 1924
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Fergusonina, the sole genus in the family of Fergusoninidae, are gall-forming flies. There are about 40 species in the genus, all of them producing galls on Eucalyptus, Melaleuca, Corymbia, and Metrosideros[2] species (all in the family Myrtaceae) in Australia and New Zealand.
These flies are small and their larvae grow within galls formed on the leaf, shoot or flower buds.[3][4][5] The galls themselves are induced by endosymbiotic nematodes in the genus Fergusobia (family Neotylenchidae) which are obligate mutualists of the flies.[3] Females carry the nematode in their haemocoel, and transport them to host plants while laying their eggs.[3] Most of the fly species are specific to their tree hosts but a few use more than one species of host.[3][4][5]
The taxonomic placement of Fergusoninidae is disputed. While formerly in the superfamily Opomyzoidea, a 2020 study places it within superfamily Nerioidea based on morphology,[6] while a 2021 study using transcriptome data places it in a group along with Agromyzidae and other families[7]
A Fergusonina species
References
- ↑ Malloch, John Russel (1924). "Notes on Australian Diptera. No. III". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales (The Linnean Society of New South Wales) 49 (3): 329–338.
- ↑ Taylor, Gary; Davies, Kerrie; Martin, Nicholas; Crosby, Trevor (2007). "First record of Fergusonina (Diptera: Fergusoninidae) and associated Fergusobia (Tylenchida: Neotylenchidae) forming galls on Metrosideros (Myrtaceae) from New Zealand". Systematic Entomology 32 (3): 548–557. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2007.00383.x.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Nelson, Leigh A.; Davies, Kerrie A.; Scheffer, Sonja J.; Taylor, Gary S.; Purcell, Matthew F.; Giblin-Davis, Robin M.; Thornhill, Andrew H.; Yeates, David K. (2014). "An emerging example of tritrophic coevolution between flies (Diptera: Fergusoninidae) and nematodes (Nematoda: Neotylenchidae) on Myrtaceae host plants". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 111 (4): 699–718. doi:10.1111/bij.12237.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Taylor, Gary S. (2004). "Revision of Fergusonina Malloch gall flies (Diptera : Fergusoninidae) from Melaleuca (Myrtaceae)". Invertebrate Systematics 18 (3): 251. doi:10.1071/IS02033.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Scheffer, S.J.; Davies, K.A.; Taylor, G.S.; Thornhill, A.H.; Lewis, M.L.; Winkler, I.S.; Yeates, D.K.; Purcell, M.F. et al. (2017). "Phylogenetics of Australasian gall flies (Diptera: Fergusoninidae): Evolutionary patterns of host-shifting and gall morphology". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 115: 140–160. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.07.023. PMID 28757445.
- ↑ Lonsdale, Owen (2020-02-17). "Family groups of Diopsoidea and Nerioidea (Diptera: Schizophora)—Definition, history and relationships". Zootaxa 4735 (1): 1–177. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4735.1.1. ISSN 1175-5334. https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4735.1.1.
- ↑ Bayless, Keith M.; Trautwein, Michelle D.; Meusemann, Karen; Shin, Seunggwan; Petersen, Malte; Donath, Alexander; Podsiadlowski, Lars; Mayer, Christoph et al. (2021-02-08). "Beyond Drosophila: resolving the rapid radiation of schizophoran flies with phylotranscriptomics". BMC Biology 19 (1): 23. doi:10.1186/s12915-020-00944-8. ISSN 1741-7007. PMID 33557827.
Further reading
- Purcell, Michaela Fay Elizabeth. 2017. Phylogeny and host relationships of the Australian gall-inducing fly Fergusonina Malloch (Diptera: Fergusoninidae). Australian National University. PhD thesis.
- Head, Elise. 2008. Ecology of the Fergusonina fly and Fergusobia nematode gall association in South Australia. University of Adelaide. MSc thesis.
Wikidata ☰ Q14601483 entry
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