Biology:Canina (subtribe)

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Short description: Subtribe of carnivores

Canina
Temporal range:
Late Miocene–present (7 million years BP)[1]
Wolf-like canids.jpg
Scientific classification e
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Canidae
Subfamily: Caninae
Tribe: Canini
Subtribe: Canina
Fischer de Waldheim, 1817[2]
Genera[3]

Canina is a taxonomic rank which represents the wolf-like subtribe of the tribe Canini, and is sister to the subtribe Cerdocyonina. Fossils of this group date to 5 million years ago, however they are likely to have been in existence 9 million years ago.[3]:4 Its members as a group are colloquially known as the wolf-like canids.[4][5][6]

Taxonomy

This subtribe is defined by two synapomorphies: a zygoma that is strongly arched dorsoventrally, and the usual presence of a second posterior cusp on p4 lying between the first posterior cusp and the cingulum.
—Richard H. Tedford[3]

Members of the subtribe Canina are able to produce canid hybrids due to their shared karyotype of 78 chromosomes arranged in 39 pairs.[4]

The cladogram below is based on the phylogeny of Lindblad-Toh et al. (2005),[5] modified to incorporate recent findings on Canis species.[7][8]


Canina
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Canis rufus (red wolf) Dogs, jackals, wolves, and foxes (Plate V) C. l. rufus mod.jpg

 
 

Canis lycaon (algonquin wolf) Dogs, jackals, wolves, and foxes (Plate V).jpg

 
 
 

Canis latrans (coyote) Dogs, jackals, wolves, and foxes (Plate IX).png

 
 
 

Canis lupus (grey wolf) Dogs, jackals, wolves, and foxes (Plate I).png

 
 

Canis familiaris (domestic dog) Tibetan mastiff (transparent background).png

 
 
 

Canis lupaster (African wolf) Dogs, jackals, wolves, and foxes (Plate XI).png

 
 
 

Canis simensis (Ethiopian wolf) Dogs, jackals, wolves, and foxes (Plate VI).png

 
 
 

Canis aureus (Golden jackal) Dogs, jackals, wolves, and foxes (Plate X).png

 
 
 

Cuon alpinus (dhole) Dogs, jackals, wolves, and foxes (Plate XLI).png

 
 
 

Lycaon pictus (African wild dog) Dogs, jackals, wolves, and foxes (Plate XLIV).png

 
 
 
 

Lupulella adusta (side-striped jackal) Dogs, jackals, wolves, and foxes (Plate XIII).png

 
 

Lupulella mesomelas (black-backed jackal) Dogs, jackals, wolves, and foxes (Plate XII).png

 
 
 
 
 

† Aenocyon dirus (dire wolf) The American Museum journal (c1900-(1918)) (Aenocyon dirus).jpg

 
 
 

References

  1. ↑ Wang, Xiaoming; Tedford, Richard H.; Dogs: Their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History. New York: Columbia University Press, 2008, page 174
  2. ↑ Fischer de Waldheim, G. (1817). "Canina". Adversaria Zoological (Memoir Societe Naturelle (Moscow)) 5: 368–428.  p372
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Tedford, Richard H.; Wang, Xiaoming; Taylor, Beryl E. (2009). "Phylogenetic Systematics of the North American Fossil Caninae (Carnivora: Canidae)". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 325: 1–218. doi:10.1206/574.1. http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/2246/5999/1/B325.pdf. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Wayne, Robert K. (June 1993). "Molecular evolution of the dog family". Trends in Genetics 9 (6): 218–224. doi:10.1016/0168-9525(93)90122-x. PMID 8337763. http://wooferhouse.net/Links/MolecularEvolutionOfTheDogFamily/MolecularEvolutionOfTheDogFamily.htm. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin; Wade, Claire M.; Mikkelsen, Tarjei S.; Karlsson, Elinor K.; Jaffe, David B.; Kamal, Michael et al. (2005). "Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic dog". Nature 438 (7069): 803–819. doi:10.1038/nature04338. PMID 16341006. Bibcode: 2005Natur.438..803L. 
  6. ↑ Castelló, J.R. (2018). "Ch.2 - Wolf-like Canids". Canids of the World: Wolves, Wild Dogs, Foxes, Jackals, Coyotes, and Their Relatives. Princeton University Press. pp. 74. ISBN 978-0-691-18372-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=islgDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA74. 
  7. ↑ Koepfli, Klaus-Peter; Pollinger, John; Godinho, Raquel; Robinson, Jacqueline; Lea, Amanda; Hendricks, Sarah et al. (2015). "Genome-wide evidence reveals that African and Eurasian Golden Jackals are distinct species". Current Biology 25 (16): 2158–2165. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.060. PMID 26234211. 
  8. ↑ Perri, Angela R.; Mitchell, Kieren J.; Mouton, Alice; Álvarez-Carretero, Sandra; Hulme-Beaman, Ardern; Haile, James; Jamieson, Alexandra; Meachen, Julie et al. (2021). "Dire wolves were the last of an ancient New World canid lineage". Nature 591 (7848): 87–91. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-03082-x. PMID 33442059. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c087f6d0-e084-4558-be53-d503697ce140. 

Wikidata ☰ Q33229472 entry



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