Biology:Apple chat fruit MLO
| Apple chat fruit MLO | |
|---|---|
| Common names | apple small fruit, chat fruit of apple |
| Causal agents | Phytoplasma |
| Hosts | apple trees |
| Distribution | Europe, parts of North America, South Africa, New Zealand |
| Symptoms | delayed fruit development, smaller green apples during harvest, delayed fruit drop, circular spots on the apples |
| Treatment | precautions during grafting |
Apple chat fruit MLO, also known as "apple small fruit" and "chat fruit of apple",[1] is a mycoplasma-like organism (MLO)[2] that affects only apple trees, specifically Lord Lambourne and Tydeman's Early Worcester,[3] though in North America, Turley, Winesap, Jonathan, and Golden Delicious can be affected.[4] Symptoms include delayed fruit development, smaller green apples during harvest, delayed fruit drop, and circular spots on the apples themselves.[3][5] The disease is widespread throughout Europe, especially England and Wales, but is also present in parts of North America, South Africa , and New Zealand.[3] There are no known insect vectors and no transmission method other than grafting is known.[4] The disease itself is not fully systemic[3] and virulency is varied among individuals.[4]
See also
References
- ↑ "Biosecurity Organisms Register for Imported Commodities". Ministry for Primary Industries. 2012-09-22. http://maxa.maf.govt.nz/biosecurity/pests-diseases/registers-lists/boric/?page=21.
- ↑ Beakbane, A. Beryl; Mishra, M. D.; Posnette, A. F.; Slater, C. H. W. (1971-02-08). "Mycoplasma-like Organisms Associated with Chat Fruit and Rubbery Wood Diseases of Apple, Malus domestica Borkh., Compared with Those in Strawberry with Green Petal Disease". Journal of General Microbiology 66: 55–62. doi:10.1099/00221287-66-1-55.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Smith (1988). European Handbook of Plant Diseases. Blackwell Scientific Publications. p. 118. ISBN 0632012226.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "Apple Chat Fruit (Mycoplasm)". EPPO Bulletin 8 (2). June 1978.
- ↑ Posnette, A. F.; Cropley, R. (June 1965). "Field experiments with chat-fruit virus disease of apple". Annals of Applied Biology 55 (3): 439–445. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1965.tb07957.x.
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