Biology:Dieffenbach's rail
| Dieffenbach's rail | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Gruiformes |
| Family: | Rallidae |
| Genus: | Hypotaenidia |
| Species: | †H. dieffenbachii
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| Binomial name | |
| †Hypotaenidia dieffenbachii (Gray, 1843)
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| Synonyms | |
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Dieffenbach's rail (Hypotaenidia dieffenbachii), known in the Moriori language as meriki or mehoriki, is an extinct flightless species of bird from the family Rallidae. It was endemic to the Chatham Islands.
Extinction
The only recorded living specimen of Dieffenbach's rail was captured in 1840 by Ernst Dieffenbach, who is commemorated in the scientific and common name of the species. It became extinct due to hunting and introduced predators, perhaps soon after 1872.
Taxonomy
The Dieffenbach's rail was sympatric with the flightless Chatham rail (Cabalus modestus). Their sympatry suggests parallel evolution after separate colonisation of the Chatham Islands by a common volant ancestor, presumably the buff-banded rail (Hypotaenidia philippensis).[3] A 2014 genetic analysis found that the taxa were not particularly closely related, with Dieffenbach's rail being sister to the group of Hypotaenidia including the buff-banded rail, while the Chatham rail was found to be in a more basal position.[4] It is still considered to be in the genus Gallirallus by some experts.
Gallery
- Various views of the skull of Dieffenbach's rail
Lateral view
Dorsal view
Ventral view
Oblique view
See also
- Hawkins's rail, another extinct flightless rail endemic to the Chatham Islands.
References
- ↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Hypotaenidia dieffenbachii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22692455A93354540. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22692455A93354540.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22692455/93354540. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
- ↑ "Gallirallus dieffenbachii. NZTCS". https://nztcs.org.nz/assessments/118749.
- ↑ Trewick, S.A. (1997). "Sympatric flightless rails Hypotaenidia dieffenbachiii and C. modestus on the Chatham Islands, New Zealand; morphometrics and alternative evolutionary scenarios". Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 27 (4): 451–464. doi:10.1080/03014223.1997.9517548.
- ↑ Garcia-R, Juan C.; Gibb, Gillian C.; Trewick, Steve A. (December 2014). "Deep global evolutionary radiation in birds: Diversification and trait evolution in the cosmopolitan bird family Rallidae" (in en). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 81: 96–108. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.09.008. PMID 25255711. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1055790314003200.
Wikidata ☰ Q743677 entry
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