Biology:List of primates by population

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This is a list of primate species by estimated global population. This list is not comprehensive, as not all primates have had their numbers quantified.

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Common name Binomial name Population Status Trend Notes Image
Hainan black crested gibbon Nomascus hainanus 20–50[1] CR[1] Steady[1] Population was estimated at over 2,000 in the late 1950s.[1] Nomascus nasutus hainanus.jpg
Eastern black crested gibbon Nomascus nasutus 45–47[2] CR[2] Decrease[2] Previously thought to be possibly extinct. Numbers may be higher.[2]
Cat Ba langur Trachypithecus poliocephalus 51–54[3] CR[3] Increase[3] Cat Ba Langur 8.jpg
Popa langur Trachypithecus popa 135–176[4] CR[4] Decrease[4] Estimate for mature individuals.[4]
Raffles' banded langur Presbytis femoralis 200–250[5] CR[5] Decrease[5] Presbytis femoralis Andie Ang.jpg
Sarawak surili Presbytis chrysomelas 200–500[6] CR[6] Decrease[6]
Perrier's sifaka Propithecus perrieri 230[7] CR[7] Decrease[7] One of the 25 most endangered primates.[7] Propithecus perrieri 001.jpg
Delacour's langur Trachypithecus delacouri align=center style="background:#F08080CR[8] Decrease[8] The population of the species has radically decreased over the past decade.[8] Langur de Delacour.jpg
Silky sifaka Propithecus candidus 250[9] CR[9] Decrease[9] Estimate is believed to be a maximum.[9] Silky Sifaka Pink Face Closeup.JPG
Tonkin snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus avunculus 250[10] CR[10] Decrease[10]
Barbara Brown's titi Callicebus barbarabrownae 260[11] CR[11] Decrease[11] Minimum estimation.[11]
Myanmar snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus strykeri 260–330[12] CR[12] Decrease[12] Drawing of Rhinopithecus strykeri.jpg
Mentawai langur Presbytis potenziani 300–1,200[13] CR[13] Decrease[13]
Superagui lion tamarin Leontopithecus caissara 400[14] CR[14] Decrease[14] Maximum estimate.[14] Leontopithecus caissara.jpg
Blond capuchin Cebus flavius 500 EN |Decrease[15] S. flavius SP Zoo 3.jpg
Greater bamboo lemur Prolemur simus 500[16] CR Decrease Prolemur simus Cedric Girard-Buttoz.jpg
Kashmir gray langur Semnopithecus ajax 500[17] EN[17] Decrease[17] Maximum estimate; 250 mature.[17]
Coimbra Filho's titi Callicebus coimbrai 500–1,000[18] EN[18] Decrease[18]
Gray-shanked douc Pygathrix cinerea 550–700[19] CR[19] Decrease[19]
Arunachal macaque Macaca munzala 569[20] EN[20] Decrease[20] While one source gives a minimum estimate of 569, another claims adult species number less than 250.[20]
White-headed langur Trachypithecus leucocephalus 600[21] CR[21] Decrease[21] Trachypithecus francoisi leucocephalus - Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology - DSC02504.JPG
Gray snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus brelichi 750[22] EN[22] Decrease[22]
Northern muriqui Brachyteles hypoxanthus 855[23] CR[23] Decrease[23] Minimum estimate.[23] Northern Muriqui 9.jpg
Black lion tamarin Leontopithecus chrysopygus 1,000[24] EN[24] Decrease[24] Mico leao preto SP Zoo.jpg
Tana River mangabey Cercocebus galeritus 1,000–1,200[25] EN[25] Decrease[25]
Kipunji Rungwecebus kipunji 1,117[26] EN[26]|Decrease[26] Kipunji walking h.jpg
Sanje mangabey Cercocebus sanjei 1,300[27] EN[27] Decrease[27] Estimate is likely a maximum.[27] Tanzania -Sanje Mangabey.jpg
Southern muriqui Brachyteles arachnoides 1,300[28] EN[28] Decrease[28] Brachyteles arachnoides.jpg
Black crested gibbon Nomascus concolor 1,300–2,000[29] CR[29] Decrease[29] White Cheeked Gibbon Male.jpg
Siau Island tarsier Tarsius tumpara 1,358–12,470[30] CR[30] Decrease[30] Amongst the world's top 25 most endangered primates.[30]
Golden bamboo lemur Hapalemur aureus 1,479[31] CR[31] Decrease[31] [31] Hapalemur aureus 001.jpg
Red slender loris Loris tardigradus 1,500[32] EN[32] Decrease[32] Loris tardigradus tardigradus 002.jpg
Sangihe tarsier Tarsius sangirensis 1,505–2,795[33] EN[33] Decrease[33] Population estimates are considered inconclusive.[33]
Zanzibar red colobus Procolobus kirkii 2,000[34] EN[34] Decrease[34] Maximum estimate.[34] Red Colobus 7.jpg
Black snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus bieti 2,000[35] EN[35] Decrease[35] Maximum estimate; less than 1,000 mature organisms.[35] RhinopitecusBieti.jpg
François' langur Trachypithecus francoisi 2,000–2,100[36] EN[36] Decrease[36] Estimate for mature individuals.[36] Trachypithecus francoisi 3399.jpg
Pagai Island macaque Macaca pagensis 2,100–3,700[37] CR[37] Decrease[37] Numbered 15,000 in 1980.[37] Beruk Mentawai Macaca pagensis.JPG
Indochinese gray langur Trachypithecus crepusculus 2,400–2,500[38] EN[38] Decrease[38] Estimate for mature individuals.[38] Trachypithecus crepusculus, Indochinese grey langur - Loei Province (31109170388).jpg
Lac Alaotra bamboo lemur Hapalemur alaotrensis 2,500[39] CR[39] Decrease[39] Estimates were for 2002 and showed a decline of over 50% in under ten years.[39] Hapalemur alaotrensis JJLM.JPG
Moor macaque Macaca maura 3,000–5,000[40] EN[40] Decrease[40] Mâle macaque maure (Macaca maura).jpg
Golden lion tamarin Leontopithecus rosalia 3,200[41] EN[41] Steady[41] Minimum estimate; wild only.[41] In addition to these, there are about 490 golden lion tamarins in 150 zoos around the world.[42] Golden Lion Tamarin Leontopithecus rosalia.jpg
Lion-tailed macaque Macaca silenus 4,000[43] EN[43] Decrease[43] Estimate is a maximum.[43] Bartaffe, Lion-tailed Macaque, (Macaca silenus) - Zoo Leipzig 02.jpg
Silvery gibbon Hylobates moloch 4,000–4,500[44] EN[44] Decrease[44] Silbergibbon mit Nachwuchs.jpg
Javan surili Presbytis comata 5,000–12,000[45] VU[45]|Decrease[45] Presbytis comata 53175454.jpg
Javan fuscous leaf monkey Presbytis fredericae 5,000–17,000[46] VU[46] Decrease[46]
Gee's golden langur Trachypithecus geei 6,000–6,500[47] EN[47] Decrease[47] Estimate is for mature individuals.[47] Golden Langur.jpg
Eastern gorilla Gorilla beringei 5,880[33] CR[33] Decrease[33] Approximately 5,000 eastern lowland gorillas (G. b. graueri)[33] and 880 mountain gorillas (G. b. beringei).[48] I'm sooooo tired.jpg
Cotton-top tamarin Saguinus oedipus 6,000[49] CR[49] Decrease[49] Estimate for mature organisms is 2,000.[49] Saguinus oedipus (Linnaeus, 1758).jpg
Golden-crowned sifaka Propithecus tattersalli 6,000–10,000[50] CR[50] Decrease[50] Propithecus tattersalli 001.jpg
Golden-headed lion tamarin Leontopithecus chrysomelas 6,000–15,000[51] EN[51] Decrease[51] Goldkopfloewenaeffchen1.jpg
Muna-buton macaque Macaca brunnescens 6,221–18,435[52] VU[52] |Decrease[52] Estimate is from 2007.[52]
Pig-tailed langur Simias concolor 6,700–17,300[53] EN[53] Decrease[53] Down from an estimated 26,000 in 1980.[53]
Gray-headed lemur Eulemur cinereiceps 7,265[54] CR[54] Decrease[54] Maximum population estimate is 7,265±2,268.[54]
Sumatran orangutan Pongo abelii 7,300[55] CR[55] Decrease[55] Who you lookin' at?.jpg
Madame Berthe's mouse lemur Microcebus berthae 8,000[56] EN[56] Decrease[56] Estimate is a maximum.[56]
Natuna Island surili Presbytis natunae 10,000[57] VU[57] Decrease[57]
Roosmalens' dwarf marmoset Callibella humilis 10,000[58] VU[58] Decrease[58]
Siberut langur Presbytis siberu 11,014–27,439[59] EN[59] Decrease[59] Population is for Siberut National Park.[59] Presbytis siberu imported from iNaturalist photo 71151959 on 21 November 2020.jpg
Barbary macaque Macaca sylvanus 15,000[60] EN[60] Decrease[60] Population may be underestimated.[60] Portrait of a father.jpg
Udzungwa red colobus Procolobus gordonorum 15,400[61] EN[61] Decrease[61] Population may be overestimated.[61]
Northern giant mouse lemur Mirza zaza 16,500–17,500[62] VU[62] Decrease[62]
Siberut macaque Macaca siberu 17,000–30,000[63] VU[63] Decrease[63] Numbered 39,000 in 1980.[63]
Capped langur Trachypithecus pileatus 18,600[64] VU[64] Decrease[64] Trachypithecus pileatus.JPG
Nilgiri langur Trachypithecus johnii 20,000[65] VU[65] Decrease[65] Maximum estimate; mature individuals number less than 10,000.[65] Nilgiri Langur.JPG
Red-eared guenon Cercopithecus erythrotis 20,000[66] VU[66] Decrease[66] Minimum estimate.[66]
Kloss's gibbon Hylobates klossii 20,000–25,000[67] EN[67] Decrease[67]
Bonobo Pan paniscus 29,500–50,000[68] EN[68] Decrease[68] Population may be underestimated.[68] Pan paniscus (female).jpg
Bornean orangutan Pongo pygmaeus 47,000–73,000[69] CR[69] Decrease[69] OrangutanP1.jpg
Heck's macaque Macaca hecki 100,000[70] VU[70] Decrease[70] Little is known about its populations. Estimate is for mature individuals only.[70]
Japanese macaque Macaca fuscata 114,431[71] LC Steady[72] Japanese Snow Monkey (Macaque) Mother Grooms Her Young.jpg
Tonkean macaque Macaca tonkeana 150,000[73] VU[73] Decrease[73] Macaca tonkeana groupe.jpg
Western gorilla Gorilla gorilla 150,000–250,000[74] CR[74] Decrease[74] Figures are considered an overestimation.[74] Western Lowland Gorilla at Bronx Zoo 2 cropped.jpg
Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes 172,700–299,700[75] EN[75] Decrease[75] Gombe Stream NP Jungtier fressend.jpg
Booted macaque Macaca ochreata 180,000[76] VU[76] Decrease[76] Estimate is from 2001.[76] Macaca ochreata.jpg
Gelada Theropithecus gelada 200,000[77] LC[77] Decrease[77] Gelada-Pavian.jpg
Müller's Bornean gibbon Hylobates muelleri 250,000–375,000[78] EN[78] Decrease[78] MuellersGibbon.jpg
Crab-eating macaque Macaca fascicularis 3,000,000[79] EN[79] Decrease[79] Latest full estimation was made at the start of the 2000s.[79] 20171128 - Macaca fascicularis - Angkor Wat - 5686 DxO.jpg
Senegal bushbaby Galago senegalensis 107,000,000[80] LC[81]
Human Homo sapiens 8,009,000,000[82] LC[83] Increase[83] Akha cropped hires.JPG

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Geissmann, T.; Bleisch, W. (2020). "Nomascus hainanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T41643A17969392. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T41643A17969392.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/41643/17969392. Retrieved 20 November 2021. "its population size is less than 50 mature individuals (Zhou et al. 2008, Bryant et al. 2015).". 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Rawson, B.M.; Roos, C.; Nguyen, M.H.; Bleisch, W.; Geissmann, T.; Fan, P.F. (2020). "Nomascus nasutus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T41642A17969578. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T41642A17969578.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/41642/17969578. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 IUCN (2015-11-21) (in en). Trachypithecus poliocephalus: Rawson, B.M., Leonard, N., Covert, H. & Nadler, T.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T39871A17959804 (Report). International Union for Conservation of Nature. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-2.rlts.t39871a17959804.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/39871/17959804. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 IUCN (2020-12-07) (in en). Trachypithecus popa: Matauschek, C., Meyer, D., Lwin, N., Ko Lin, A., Lin, A., Momberg, F. & Roos, C.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T196344474A196344962 (Report). International Union for Conservation of Nature. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2022-1.rlts.t196344474a196344962.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/196344474/196344962.  Accessed 27 July 2023.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 IUCN (2022-02-18) (in en). Presbytis femoralis: Ang, A., Boonratana, R. & Nijman, V.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T39801A215090780 (Report). International Union for Conservation of Nature. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2022-1.rlts.t39801a215090780.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/39801/215090780.  Accessed 27 July 2023.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Nijman, V.; Cheyne, S.; Traeholt, C.; Setiawan, A. (2020). "Presbytis chrysomelas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T39803A17955321. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39803A17955321.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/39803/17955321. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Heriniaina, R.; Hosnah, H.B.; Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Propithecus perrieri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T18361A115573556. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18361A115573556.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/18361/115573556. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 IUCN (2015-11-21) (in en). Trachypithecus delacouri: Nadler, T., Quyet, L.K., Rawson, B.M. & Coudrat, C.N.Z.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22043A17958988 (Report). International Union for Conservation of Nature. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-2.rlts.t22043a17958988.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22043/17958988.  Accessed 27 July 2023.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Patel, E. (2020). "Propithecus candidus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T18360A115573359. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18360A115573359.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/18360/115573359. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Quyet, L.K.; Rawson, B.M.; Duc, H.; Nadler, T.; Covert, H.; Ang, A. (2020). "Rhinopithecus avunculus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T19594A17944213. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T19594A17944213.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/19594/17944213. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 Printes, R.C.; Jerusalinsky, L.; Alonso, A.C.; Mittermeier, R.A. (2021). "Callicebus barbarabrownae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T39929A191703041. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39929A191703041.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/39929/191703041. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Geissmann, T.; Momberg, F.; Whitten, T. (2020). "Rhinopithecus strykeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T13508501A17943490. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T13508501A17943490.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/13508501/17943490. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 IUCN (2015-11-23) (in en). Presbytis potenziani: Setiawan, A., Quinten, M, Cheyne, S., Traeholt, C. & Whittaker, D.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T39815A17954456 (Report). International Union for Conservation of Nature. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-2.rlts.t39815a17954456.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/39815/17954456.  Accessed 27 July 2023.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 Nascimento, A.T.A.; Ludwig, G.; Miranda, J.M.D.; Martins, M.; Jerusalinsky, L.; Mittermeier, R.A. (2021). "Leontopithecus caissara". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T11503A192327024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T11503A192327024.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/11503/192327024. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  15. ↑ Valença-Montenegro, M.M.; Bezerra, B.M.; Martins, A.B.; Jerusalinsky, L.; Fialho, M.S.; Lynch Alfaro, J.W. (2021). "Sapajus flavius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T136253A192592928. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T136253A192592928.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/136253/192592928. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  16. ↑ Kurt Gron (July 22, 2010). "Greater bamboo lemur". Primate Info Net. Wisconsin Primate Research Center (WPRC) Library at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. http://pin.primate.wisc.edu/factsheets/entry/greater_bamboo_lemur/cons. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 Kumar, A.; Singh, M.; Anandam, M.; Ahuja, V.; Kumara, H.N.; Molur, S. (2020). "Semnopithecus ajax". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T39833A17943210. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39833A17943210.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/39833/17943210. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 Jerusalinsky, L.; Souza-Alves, J.P.; Ferrari, S.F. (2020). "Callicebus coimbrai". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T39954A17972422. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T39954A17972422.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/39954/17972422. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 Long, H.T.; Duc, H.; Quyet, L.K.; Rawson, B.M.; Nadler, T.; Covert, H. (2020). "Pygathrix cinerea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T39827A17941672. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39827A17941672.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/39827/17941672. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 Kumar, A.; Sinha, A.; Kumar, S. (2020). "Macaca munzala". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T136569A17948833. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136569A17948833.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/136569/17948833. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 IUCN (2015-11-21) (in en). Trachypithecus leucocephalus: Bleisch, B. & Long, Y.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T39872A17988378 (Report). International Union for Conservation of Nature. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-2.rlts.t39872a17988378.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/39872/17988378.  Accessed 27 July 2023.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Yongcheng, L.; Bleisch, W.V.; Richardson, M.; Baoguo, L. (2020). "Rhinopithecus brelichi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T19595A185220311. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T19595A185220311.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/19595/185220311. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 de Melo, F.R.; Boubli, J.P.; Mittermeier, R.A.; Jerusalinsky, L.; Tabacow, F.P.; Ferraz, D.S.; Talebi, M. (2021). "Brachyteles hypoxanthus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T2994A191693399. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T2994A191693399.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/2994/191693399. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Rezende, G.C.; Knogge, C.; Passos, F.C.; Ludwig, G.; Oliveira, L.C.; Jerusalinsky, L.; Mittermeier, R.A. (2020). "Leontopithecus chrysopygus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T11505A17935400. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T11505A17935400.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/11505/17935400. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 Butynski, T.M.; de Jong, Y.A.; Wieczkowski, J.; King, J. (2020). "Cercocebus galeritus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T4200A17956330. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T4200A17956330.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/4200/17956330. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 Davenport, T. (2019). "Rungwecebus kipunji". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T136791A17961368. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T136791A17961368.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/136791/17961368. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 McCabe, G.; Rovero, F.; Fernández, D.; Butynski, T.M.; Struhsaker, T.T. (2019). "Cercocebus sanjei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T4203A17955753. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T4203A17955753.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/4203/17955753. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 Talebi, M.; Jerusalinsky, L.; Martins, M.; Mittermeier, R.A.; Ingberman, B.; Ferraz, D.S.; de Melo, F.R.; Boubli, J.P. (2021). "Brachyteles arachnoides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T2993A191692658. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T2993A191692658.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/2993/191692658. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 Pengfei, F.; Nguyen, M.H.; Phiaphalath, P.; Roos, C.; Coudrat, C.N.Z.; Rawson, B.M. (2020). "Nomascus concolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T39775A17968556. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39775A17968556.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/39775/17968556. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 Shekelle, M.; Salim, A. (2020). "Tarsius tumpara". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T179234A17977202. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T179234A17977202.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/179234/17977202. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.3 Wright, P.; Hearthstone, E.; Donohue, M.E.; Andrianoely, D.; Otero-Jiménez, B.J.; Lauterbur, M.E. (2020). "Hapalemur aureus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T9672A115564398. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T9672A115564398.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/9672/115564398. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 Gamage, S.N.; Nekaris, K.A.I.; Rudran, R. (2020). "Loris tardigradus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T12375A17970163. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T12375A17970163.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/12375/17970163. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 33.4 33.5 33.6 33.7 Plumptre, A.J.; Robbins, M.M.; Williamson, E.A. (2019). "Gorilla beringei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T39994A115576640. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T39994A115576640.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/39994/115576640. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 34.2 34.3 Davenport, T. (2019). "Piliocolobus kirkii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T39992A168568335. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T39992A168568335.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/39992/168568335. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 35.3 Yongcheng, L.; Bleisch, W.V.; Richardson, M. (2020). "Rhinopithecus bieti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T19597A17943738. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T19597A17943738.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/19597/17943738. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 36.3 IUCN (2015-11-21) (in en). Trachypithecus francoisi: Nadler, T., Quyet, L.K., Covert, H. & Long, Y.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T39853A17958817 (Report). International Union for Conservation of Nature. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-3.rlts.t39853a17958817.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/39853/17958817.  Accessed 27 July 2023.
  37. ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 37.3 Setiawan, A.; Mittermeier, R.A.; Whittaker, D. (2020). "Macaca pagensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T39794A17949995. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39794A17949995.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/39794/17949995. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 38.3 IUCN (2015-11-21) (in en). Trachypithecus crepusculus: Yongcheng, L., Nadler, T. & Quyet, L.K.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T136920A204397334 (Report). International Union for Conservation of Nature. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-2.rlts.t136920a204397334.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/136920/204397334.  Accessed 27 July 2023.
  39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 39.3 Ralainasolo, F.B.; Raveloarimalala, M.L.; Randrianasolo, H.; Heriniaina, R.; Clarke, T.; Ravaloharimanitra, M.; Volampeno, S.; Donati, G. et al. (2020). "Hapalemur alaotrensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T9676A182236363. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T9676A182236363.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/9676/182236363. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 Riley, E.; Lee, R.; Sangermano, F.; Cannon, C.; Shekelle, M (2020). "Macaca maura". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T12553A197831931. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T12553A197831931.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/12553/197831931. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 41.3 Ruiz-Miranda, C.R.; Pissinatti, A.; Kierulff, M.C.M.; Oliveira, L.C.; Mittermeier, R.A.; Valença-Montenegro, M.M.; de Oliveira, P.; Jerusalinsky, L. (2021). "Leontopithecus rosalia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T11506A192327291. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T11506A192327291.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/11506/192327291. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  42. ↑ Current Status of Golden Lion Tamarins – National Zoo| FONZ
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 43.2 43.3 Singh, M.; Kumar, A.; Kumara, H.N. (2020). "Macaca silenus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T12559A17951402. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T12559A17951402.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/12559/17951402. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 44.2 Nijman, V. (2020). "Hylobates moloch". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T10550A17966495. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T10550A17966495.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/10550/17966495. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 IUCN (2022-03-07) (in en). Presbytis comata: Nijman, V., Setiawan, A. & Ang, A.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T210369485A210370097 (Report). International Union for Conservation of Nature. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2022-1.rlts.t210369485a210370097.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/210369485/210370097.  Accessed 27 July 2023.
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 46.2 IUCN (2022-03-07) (in en). Presbytis fredericae: Nijman, V., Setiawan, A. & Ang, A.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T18133A210370840 (Report). International Union for Conservation of Nature. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2022-1.rlts.t18133a210370840.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/18133/210370840.  Accessed 27 July 2023.
  47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 47.2 47.3 IUCN (2015-11-24) (in en). Trachypithecus geei: Das, J., Chetry, D., Medhi, R. & Choudhury, A.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22037A17960997 (Report). International Union for Conservation of Nature. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-3.rlts.t22037a17960997.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22037/17960997.  Accessed 27 July 2023.
  48. ↑ Aldred, J. (2012-11-13). "Mountain gorilla numbers rise by 10%". The Guardian (London). https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2012/nov/13/mountain-gorilla-population-rises. 
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 49.2 49.3 Rodríguez, V.; Link, A.; Guzman-Caro, D.; Defler, T.R.; Palacios, E.; Stevenson, P.R.; Mittermeier, R.A. (2021). "Saguinus oedipus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T19823A192551067. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T19823A192551067.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/19823/192551067. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 50.2 Semel, B.; Semel, M.; Salmona, J.; Heriniaina, R. (2020). "Propithecus tattersalli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T18352A115571806. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T18352A115571806.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/18352/115571806. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 51.2 Oliveira, L.C.; Neves, L.G.; Kierulff, M.C.M.; Jerusalinsky, L.; Mittermeier, R.A.; Rylands, A.B. (2021). "Leontopithecus chrysomelas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T40643A192327573. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T40643A192327573.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/40643/192327573. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 52.2 52.3 IUCN (2015-11-23) (in en). Macaca brunnescens: Lee, R., Riley, E., Sangermano, F., Cannon, C. & Shekelle, M: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T12569A17985924 (Report). International Union for Conservation of Nature. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-1.rlts.t12569a17985924.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/12569/17985924.  Accessed 27 July 2023.
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 53.2 53.3 Quinten, M.; Setiawan, A.; Cheyne, S.; Traeholt, C.; Whittaker, D. (2020). "Simias concolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T20229A17953422. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T20229A17953422.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/20229/17953422. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 54.2 54.3 Johnson, S.; Andriamisedra, T.R.; Donohue, M.E.; Ralainasolo, F.B.; Birkinshaw, C.; Ludovic, R.; Ratsimbazafy, J. (2020). "Eulemur cinereiceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T8205A115562060. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T8205A115562060.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/8205/115562060. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 55.2 Singleton, I., Wich, S.A. & Griffiths, M. (2008). "Pongo abelii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/39780/0. Retrieved 2012-11-10. 
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 56.2 56.3 Markolf, M.; Schäffler, L.; Kappeler, P. (2020). "Microcebus berthae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T41573A115579496. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T41573A115579496.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/41573/115579496. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 57.2 Setiawan, A.; Cheyne, S.; Traeholt, C. (2020). "Presbytis natunae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T136500A17955492. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136500A17955492.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/136500/17955492. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 58.2 Mittermeier, R.A.; Röhe, F. (2021). "Callibella humilis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T41584A191706209. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41584A191706209.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/41584/191706209. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  59. ↑ 59.0 59.1 59.2 59.3 IUCN (2015-11-23) (in en). Presbytis siberu: Quinten, M, Setiawan, A., Traeholt, C., Cheyne, S.M. & Whittaker, D.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T39816A17986963 (Report). International Union for Conservation of Nature. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-2.rlts.t39816a17986963.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/39816/17986963.  Accessed 27 July 2023.
  60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 60.2 60.3 Wallis, J.; Benrabah, M.E.; Pilot, M.; Majolo, B.; Waters, S. (2020). "Macaca sylvanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T12561A50043570. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T12561A50043570.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/12561/50043570. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  61. ↑ 61.0 61.1 61.2 61.3 Rovero, F.; Barelli, C.; Butynski, T.M.; Marshall, A.J.; Struhsaker, T.T. (2019). "Piliocolobus gordonorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T40015A92629595. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T40015A92629595.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/40015/92629595. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  62. ↑ 62.0 62.1 62.2 Schwitzer, C. (2020). "Mirza zaza". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T136684A182240582. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T136684A182240582.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/136684/182240582. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  63. ↑ 63.0 63.1 63.2 63.3 Traeholt, C.; Setiawan, A.; Quinten, M.; Cheyne, S.M.; Whittaker, D.; Mittermeier, R.A. (2020). "Macaca siberu". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T39795A17949710. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39795A17949710.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/39795/17949710. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  64. ↑ 64.0 64.1 64.2 IUCN (2015-11-21) (in en). Trachypithecus pileatus: Das, J., Chetry, D., Choudhury, A. & Bleisch, W.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T22041A196580469 (Report). International Union for Conservation of Nature. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-3.rlts.t22041a196580469.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22041/196580469.  Accessed 27 July 2023.
  65. ↑ 65.0 65.1 65.2 65.3 Singh, M.; Kumara, H.N.; Kumar, A. (2020). "Semnopithecus johnii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T44694A17958623. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T44694A17958623.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/44694/17958623. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  66. ↑ 66.0 66.1 66.2 66.3 Hofner, A.; Cronin, D.T.; Imong, I.; Gadsby, E.L.; Ndeloh, D. (2020). "Cercopithecus erythrotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T4218A17946043. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T4218A17946043.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/4218/17946043. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  67. ↑ 67.0 67.1 67.2 Liswanto, D.; Whittaker, D.; Geissmann, T.; Whitten, T. (2020). "Hylobates klossii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T10547A17967475. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T10547A17967475.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/10547/17967475. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  68. ↑ 68.0 68.1 68.2 68.3 Fruth, B., Benishay, J.M., Bila-Isia, I., Coxe, S., Dupain, J., Furuichi, T., Hart, J., Hart, T., Hashimoto, C., Hohmann, G., Hurley, M., Ilambu, O., Mulavwa, M., Ndunda, M., Omasombo, V., Reinartz, G., Scherlis, J., Steel, L. & Thompson, J. (2008). "Pan paniscus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/15932/0. Retrieved 2012-11-10. 
  69. ↑ 69.0 69.1 69.2 Ancrenaz, M., Marshall, A., Goossens, B., van Schaik, C., Sugardjito, J., Gumal, M. & Wich, S. (2008). "Pongo pygmaeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/17975/0. Retrieved 2012-11-10. 
  70. ↑ 70.0 70.1 70.2 70.3 IUCN (2015-11-22) (in en). Macaca hecki: Lee, R., Riley, E., Sangermano, F., Cannon, C. & Shekelle, M: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T12570A17948969 (Report). International Union for Conservation of Nature. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-3.rlts.t12570a17948969.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/12570/17948969.  Accessed 27 July 2023.
  71. ↑ "Japanese macaque" (in en-US). https://primate.wisc.edu/primate-info-net/pin-factsheets/pin-factsheet-japanese-macaque/. 
  72. ↑ IUCN (2015-11-21) (in en). Macaca fuscata: Watanabe, K. & Tokita, K.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T12552A195347803 (Report). International Union for Conservation of Nature. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-2.rlts.t12552a195347803.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/12552/195347803.  Accessed 27 July 2023.
  73. ↑ 73.0 73.1 73.2 IUCN (2015-11-23) (in en). Macaca tonkeana: Riley, E., Lee, R., Sangermano, F., Cannon, C. & Shekelle, M: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T12563A17947990 (Report). International Union for Conservation of Nature. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-3.rlts.t12563a17947990.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/12563/17947990.  Accessed 27 July 2023.
  74. ↑ 74.0 74.1 74.2 74.3 Maisels, F.; Bergl, R.A.; Williamson, E.A. (2018). "Gorilla gorilla". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T9404A136250858. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T9404A136250858.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/9404/136250858. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  75. ↑ 75.0 75.1 75.2 Oates, J.F., Tutin, C.E.G., Humle, T., Wilson, M.L., Baillie, J.E.M., Balmforth, Z., Blom, A., Boesch, C., Cox, D., Davenport, T., Dunn, A., Dupain, J., Duvall, C., Ellis, C.M., Farmer, K.H., Gatti, S., Greengrass, E., Hart, J., Herbinger, I., Hicks, C., Hunt, K.D., Kamenya, S., Maisels, F., Mitani, J.C., Moore, J., Morgan, B.J., Morgan, D.B., Nakamura, M., Nixon, S., Plumptre, A.J., Reynolds, V., Stokes, E.J. & Walsh, P.D. (2008). "Pan troglodytes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008. https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/15933/0. Retrieved 2012-11-10. 
  76. ↑ 76.0 76.1 76.2 76.3 IUCN (2015-11-23) (in en). Macaca ochreata: Riley, E., Lee, R., Sangermano, F., Cannon, C. & Shekelle, M: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T39793A17985872 (Report). International Union for Conservation of Nature. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2021-1.rlts.t39793a17985872.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/39793/17985872.  Accessed 27 July 2023.
  77. ↑ 77.0 77.1 77.2 Gippoliti, S.; Mekonnen, A.; Burke, R.; Nguyen, N.; Fashing, P.J. (2019). "Theropithecus gelada". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T21744A17941908. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T21744A17941908.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/21744/17941908. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  78. ↑ 78.0 78.1 78.2 Marshall, A.J.; Nijman, V.; Cheyne, S.M. (2020). "Hylobates muelleri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T39888A17990934. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T39888A17990934.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/39888/17990934. Retrieved 20 November 2021. 
  79. ↑ 79.0 79.1 79.2 79.3 IUCN (2022-03-07) (in en). Macaca fascicularis: Hansen, M.F., Ang, A., Trinh, T.T.H., Sy, E., Paramasivam, S., Ahmed, T., Dimalibot, J., Jones-Engel, L., Ruppert, N., Griffioen, C., Lwin, N., Phiapalath, P., Gray, R., Kite, S., Doak, N., Nijman, V., Fuentes, A. & Gumert, M.D.: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e.T12551A221666136 (Report). International Union for Conservation of Nature. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2022-2.rlts.t12551a221666136.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/12551/221666136.  Accessed 27 July 2023.
  80. ↑ https://gitlab.com/milo-lab-public/mammal_biomass/-/blob/master/results/wild_land_mammal_biomass_inluding_populations.csv
  81. ↑ https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/8789/17963505
  82. ↑ U.S. and World Population Clock, July 27, 2018, https://www.census.gov/popclock/, retrieved July 27, 2018 
  83. ↑ 83.0 83.1 Homo sapiens, IUCN, http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/136584/0, retrieved November 24, 2014 



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