Biology:Ursoidea
From HandWiki
Short description: Superfamily of mammals
| Ursoidea | |
|---|---|
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| Life reconstruction of Cephalogale shareri | |
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| Brown bear (Ursus arctos) | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Carnivora |
| Parvorder: | Ursida |
| Superfamily: | Ursoidea Fischer von Waldheim, 1817 |
| Families | |
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Ursoidea is a superfamily of arctoid carnivoran mammals that includes the families Subparictidae,[1][2] Amphicynodontidae,[3][2] and Ursidae which the last family includes the extant lineages of bears as well the extinct Hemicyoninae[4][5] and Ursavinae.[6] The interrelationships of ursoids has had slight arrangements. In the past it was thought the extinct Amphicyonidae were stem-bears based on morphological analysis of the ear region,[7] though the most recent publications on early amphicyonids suggests they were basal caniforms.[8][9][10] The amphicynodontids are sometimes classified as either a subfamily of bears,[3] a paraphyletic assemblage of early bears,[2] or even stem-pinnipeds.[11][12][13] The subparictids were previously classified as amphicynodontine/ids.[2] The hemicyonines have been occasionally reclassified as a separate family.[14]
References
- ↑ Baskin, J. A.; Tedford, R. H. (1996). Small arctoid and feliform carnivorans. 486–497. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511665431.025. ISBN 978-0-521-43387-7.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Wang, Xiaoming; Emry, Robert J.; Boyd, Clint A.; Person, Jeff J.; White, Stuart C.; Tedford, Richard H. (2022). "An exquisitely preserved skeleton of Eoarctos vorax (Nov. Gen. Et sp.) from Fitterer Ranch, North Dakota (Early Oligocene) and systematics and phylogeny of North American early arctoids (Carnivora, Caniformia)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 42: 1–123. doi:10.1080/02724634.2022.2145900.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 McLellan, B.; Reiner, D.C. (1992). "A review of bear evolution". International Association for Bear Research and Management 9 (1): 85–96. doi:10.2307/3872687. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a5db/fd5dd863f9d68bc07d99e5bea2a4540647ab.pdf.
- ↑ Louis De Bonis (2013). "Ursidae (Mammalia, Carnivora) from the Late Oligocene of the "Phosphorites du Quercy" (France) and a reappraisal of the genus Cephalogale Geoffroy, 1862". Geodiversitas 35 (4): 787–814. doi:10.5252/g2013n4a4. https://zenodo.org/record/4538147.
- ↑ L. de Bonis (2011). "A new species of Adelpharctos (Mammalia, Carnivora, Ursidae) from the late Oligocene of the "Phosphorites du Quercy" (France)". Estudios Geológicos 67 (2): 179–186. doi:10.3989/egeol.40553.181.
- ↑ Qiu, Zhan-Xiang (2014). "A Late Miocene Ursavus skull from Guanghe, Gansu, China". Vertebrata PalAsiatica 52 (3): 265–302.
- ↑ Hunt Jr., Robert M. (2001). "Small Oligocene Amphicyonids from North America (Paradaphoenus, Mammalia, Carnivora)". American Museum Novitates (3331): 1-20. doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2001)331<0001:SOAFNA>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0003-0082.
- ↑ Hunt, Robert M. Jr. (2004). "Global Climate and the Evolution of Large Mammalian Carnivores during the Later Cenozoic in North America". Cenozoic Carnivores and Global Climate. 139–285. doi:10.1206/0003-0090(2004)285<0139:C>2.0.CO;2. http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/453/8/B285a11.pdf.
- ↑ Morlo, Michael; Miller, Ellen R.; El-Barkooky, Ahmed N. (2007). "Creodonta and Carnivora from Wadi Moghra, Egypt". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 (1): 145-159. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[145:CACFWM2.0.CO;2]. ISSN 0272-4634.
- ↑ Tomiya, Susumu; Tseng, Zhijie Jack (2016). "Whence the beardogs? Reappraisal of the Middle to Late Eocene 'Miacis' from Texas, USA, and the origin of Amphicyonidae (Mammalia, Carnivora)". Royal Society Open Science 3 (10): 160518. doi:10.1098/rsos.160518. PMID 27853569. PMC 5098994. Bibcode: 2016RSOS....360518T. http://rsos.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/3/10/160518.
- ↑ Tedford, R. H.; Barnes, L. G.; Ray, C. E. (1994). "The early Miocene littoral ursoid carnivoran Kolponomos: Systematics and mode of life". Proceedings of the San Diego Society of Natural History 29: 11–32. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/pdf1/000389400021705.pdf. Retrieved 24 July 2010.
- ↑ Rybczynski, N.; Dawson, M.R.; Tedford, R.H. (2009). "A semi-aquatic Arctic mammalian carnivore from the Miocene epoch and origin of Pinnipedia". Nature 458 (7241): 1021–24. doi:10.1038/nature07985. PMID 19396145. Bibcode: 2009Natur.458.1021R.
- ↑ Berta, A.; Morgan, C.; Boessenecker, R.W. (2018). "The Origin and Evolutionary Biology of Pinnipeds: Seals, Sea Lions, and Walruses". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 46: 203–228. doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-082517-010009. Bibcode: 2018AREPS..46..203B.
- ↑ McKenna, Malcolm C., and Bell, Susan K. 1997. Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. Columbia University Press, New York, 631 pp. ISBN:0-231-11013-8
Wikidata ☰ Q14943214 entry
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