Biology:Rubus leucodermis
| Rubus leucodermis | |
|---|---|
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| Rubus leucodermis var. bernardinus | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Rosaceae |
| Genus: | Rubus |
| Subgenus: | R. subg. Idaeobatus |
| Species: | R. leucodermis
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| Binomial name | |
| Rubus leucodermis | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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Rubus leucodermis, also called whitebark raspberry or blackcap raspberry,[2][3] is a species of Rubus native to western North America.
Description
Rubus leucodermis is a deciduous shrub growing to 0.5–2.5 metres (1 1⁄2–8 feet), with prickly shoots.[4] While the crown is perennial, the canes are biennial, growing vegetatively one year, flowering and fruiting the second, and then dying. As with other dark raspberries, the tips of the first-year canes (primocanes) often grow downward to the soil in the fall, and take root and form tip layers which become new plants. The leaves are pinnate, with five leaflets on the leaves' hardy stems in their first year, and three leaflets on leaves on flowering branchlets with white (and infrequently light purple) flowers.
The fruit is 1–1.2 centimetres (3⁄8–1⁄2 inch) diameter, red to reddish-purple at first, turning dark purple to nearly black when ripe.[5] The edible fruit[6] has high contents of anthocyanins and ellagic acid.[2][7]
R. leucodermis is similar to the eastern black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis).[7]
Bush in Nevada
Leaves
Berries
Close-up of fruit
Taxonomy
Subdivision
Three varieties are recognized:[3]
- Rubus leucodermis var. leucodermis – Alaska to Chihuahua
- Rubus leucodermis var. bernardinus Jepson – southern California
- Rubus leucodermis var. trinitatis Berger – southern California
Etymology
The name leucodermis means "white skin", referring to the white appearance of the stems because of a thick waxy coating on the surface.
Distribution and habitat
The species can be found from Alaska southward along the Pacific coast as far as California , Arizona, New Mexico, and Chihuahua.[8][9][10][7][11]
Ecology
The plant forms natural hybrids with other species in subgenus Idaeobatus.
See also
References
- ↑ Tropicos, Rubus leucodermis Douglas ex Torr. & A. Gray
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Jepson Flora Project: Rubus leucodermis". Jepson Herbaria, University of California at Berkeley. https://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora/eflora_display.php?tid=42027.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Rubus leucodermis". US Department of Agriculture. https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=32371.
- ↑ "Rubus leucodermis - Torr.&A.Gray.". Plants for a Future. 2022. https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Rubus+leucodermis.
- ↑ Pojar, Jim; Andy MacKinnon (2004). Plants Of The Pacific Northwest Coast: Washington, Oregon, British Columbia & Alaska. Lone Pine Publishing. p. 77. ISBN 978-1-55105-530-5.
- ↑ Fagan, Damian (2019). Wildflowers of Oregon: A Field Guide to Over 400 Wildflowers, Trees, and Shrubs of the Coast, Cascades, and High Desert. Guilford, CT: FalconGuides. pp. 88. ISBN 978-1-4930-3633-2. OCLC 1073035766. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1073035766.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Flora of North America Rubus leucodermis Douglas ex Torrey & A. Gray, 1840.
- ↑ {{citation | mode = cs1 | title = Rubus leucodermis | work = Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) | url = | publisher = [[Organization:Agricultural Research ServAgricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) | access-date = 2012-08-27 }}
- ↑ "Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map". http://bonap.net/MapGallery/County/Rubus%20leucodermis.png.
- ↑ Calflora taxon report, University of California, Rubus leucodermis Torrey & A. Gray, White Stemmed Raspberry, western raspberry, white bark raspberry
- ↑ "Rubus leucodermis". SEINet, Arizona-New Mexico Chapter. http://swbiodiversity.org/seinet/taxa/index.php?taxon=119.
External links
- "Rubus leucodermis", Calflora: Information on California plants for education, research and conservation, with data contributed by public and private institutions and individuals, including the Consortium of California Herbaria, Berkeley, California: The Calflora Database, https://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-taxon=Rubus+leucodermis
- UC Photos gallery: Rubus leucodermis
Wikidata ☰ Q1386973 entry
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