Software:Racing wheel
A racing wheel is a control device for use in racing games, racing simulators, and driving simulators. They are usually packaged with a large paddle styled as a steering wheel, along with a set of pedals for the accelerator, brake, and clutch, as well as transmission controls. An analog wheel and pedal set such as this allows the user to accurately manipulate steering angle and pedal control that is required to properly manage a simulated car, as opposed to digital control such as a keyboard. The relatively large range of motion further allows the user to more accurately apply the controls. Racing wheels have been developed for use with arcade games, game consoles, personal computers, and also for professional driving simulators for race drivers.
One of the earliest racing wheels for the PC mass market was the Thrustmaster Formula T1, released in 1994.[1][2] It had no force feedback, only some form of spring-based centering resistance proportional to the steering angle.[3] Two of the earliest FFB wheels for the consumer PC market were the Microsoft Sidewinder Force Feedback Wheel,[4] released in 1997, and the Logitech Wingman Formula Force.
Force feedback
Racing wheels started off as simple plastic wheels hooked up to a rotary potentiometer, which were sprung by springs or bungees. These spring-based wheels had a reactive torque that increased proportionally only to the steering angle, without regard for the simulated vehicle dynamics.[5]
Eventually manufacturers began to use electric motors in the controllers, in place of springs, in order to achieve a level of force feedback (sometimes abbreviated FFB), first seen in Microsoft's Sidewinder wheel. At first this technology simply provided the centering force and other artificial effects such as shaking the wheel in a crash or other vibrations. However, as driving simulations have evolved, their physics engines have become more elaborate,[citation needed] allowing also for linking the force feedback close to the simulated vehicle dynamics of the in-game physics.[5] This allows the user to truly feel what forces go through the steering rack, instead of just artificial effects, and genuinely enhance the realism of the game.[citation needed] A fundamental factor for an adequate subjective steering-feel and perception of drivability from a force feedback wheel, is the transfer function from steering torque to steering angle.[6][7]
In 2015, a preliminary comparison of gear-driven and direct-drive wheels in the 0–30 Hz frequency range, for a study on hard real-time multibody simulation and high-fidelity steering wheel force feedback, concluded that direct-drive wheels are preferable.[8]
Buttons
Sim racing wheels, like real-world racing steering wheels, can have many buttons. Some examples are cruise control or pit-lane limiter for the pit lane, button for flashing lights, windscreen wipers, radio communication with the team, adjustments to the racing setup (such as brake balance, brake migration, differential braking (entry, mid+, exit, hi-speed; to make use of torque effectively at different points in a corner[9]), traction control (amplitude and sensitivity), anti-roll bar adjustment (front and rear), engine program (strat mode/ engine mode to get extra power or conserve fuel and engine life), engine braking (the engine's throttle or absence of throttle when there is no input from the gas pedal, i.e. whether the engine contributes to the car slowing down or is keeping its speed), etc.), seeing sideways or in the mirror, or to browse various menus (for example using a 7-way «funky switch»).
Comparison of racing wheels
Subsections by motor type: no FFB, gear- or belt-driven, and direct-drive wheels.
No FFB
Manufacturer | Product | Year | Max Rotation (Deg) | FFB | Clutch | Shifter | Brake Sensor | Pedal Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Atomic | Lamborghini Gallardo Evo Racing Wheel | 270 | No | No | Paddles | Potentiometer | Standing | |
BRD | Sim Pro Wheel, Speed7 Pedals | (<=2013) | 290 | No | Optional | Paddles | Potentiometer | Standing |
Thrustmaster | Formula T1 | 1994 | No | |||||
Thrustmaster | Formula T2 | 1995[10] | No | |||||
Thrustmaster | Ferrari Wireless Gt F430 Scuderia Edition Cockpit | 270 | No | No | Paddles | Potentiometer | Standing | |
Thrustmaster | Ferrari GT 3-in-1 | 180 | No | No | Paddles | Potentiometer | Standing | |
Microsoft | Sidewinder Precision Racing Wheel | 1999 | 240 | No | No | Paddles | Potentiometer | Standing |
ECCI | Trackstar 6000 Series Wheel/Pedals | 270 | No [lower-alpha 1][11] | Optional | Paddles | "Pressure Modulated" | Standing | |
ECCI | Trackstar 7000 Force Feedback | 900 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
Thomas SuperWheel | TSW Wheels, Pedals | 720 | No | Optional | Paddles, Sequential | Load Cell optional | Standing | |
A1 | A1 GT Wheel | 500 | No [lower-alpha 2] | N/A | Paddles | N/A | N/A |
Gear- and/or belt-driven
Earlier products
Manufacturer | Product | Year | Max Rotation (Deg) | FFB mechanism | Wheel detaches from the base | Wheel cover material | Clutch | Shifter | Brake Sensor | Pedal Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fanatec | Le Mans SE | ? | Yes | No | Paddles | Potentiometer | Standing | |||
Fanatec | Speedster 2 | ? | Yes | No | Paddles | Potentiometer | Standing | |||
Fanatec | Speedster 3 | (<=2005)[12] | 210[12] | Yes | No | Paddles | Potentiometer | Standing | ||
Guillemot | Race Force-Feedback[13] | (<=2000) | Yes | |||||||
InterAct | FX Racing Wheel Review | (<=1999) | Yes | |||||||
InterAct | V4 Force Feedback[14] | Yes | ||||||||
Thrustmaster | Ferrari 458 Italia | 270 | Yes | No | Paddles | Potentiometer | Standing | |||
Thrustmaster | Ferrari F430 | 270 | Yes | No | Paddles | Potentiometer | Standing | |||
Thrustmaster | RGT FFB Clutch [lower-alpha 3] | 270 | Yes | Yes | Paddles, Sequential | Potentiometer | Standing | |||
Thrustmaster | FGT 2-in-1 Force Feedback | 180 | Yes | No | Paddles | Potentiometer | Standing | |||
Saitek | R4 Force Wheel[15][16] | (<=1999)[17] | Yes | |||||||
Saitek | R660GT | 180 | Yes | No | Paddles, Sequential | Potentiometer | Hanging | |||
Microsoft | Xbox 360 Wireless Racing Wheel | 2006 | 270 | Yes | No | No | Paddles | Potentiometer | Standing | |
Defender | Extreme Turbo (PRO) | 180 | Yes | No | Sequential | N/A | Standing |
Gear-driven
Manufacturer | Product | Year | Max Rotation (Deg) | FFB mechanism | Wheel detaches from the base | Wheel cover material | Clutch | Shifter | Brake Sensor | Pedal Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Microsoft | Sidewinder Force Feedback Wheel | 1997 | 240 | Gears[18] | No | Paddles | Potentiometer | Standing | ||
Act Labs | Force RS (Force Racing System) | (<=2000)[19] | 270 | Gears[18] | No | Paddles | Potentiometer | Standing | ||
Logitech | Formula Force | 180 | Yes | No | No | Paddles | Potentiometer | Standing | ||
Logitech | Driving Force EX | 180 | Gears | No | Plastic + Rubber | No | Paddles | Potentiometer | Standing | |
Logitech | Wingman Formula Force Wheel[18] | (1998)[20] | Steel belts and motors[18] | No | ||||||
Logitech | GT Force | 2001[21] | Yes | |||||||
Logitech | MOMO Force (Red MOMO) | 2004[22] | 270 | Yes | No | No | Paddles | Potentiometer | Standing | |
Logitech | MOMO Racing Force | 2005[22] | 240 | Yes | No | No | Paddles, Sequential | Potentiometer | Standing | |
Logitech | Driving Force Pro | 900 | Yes | No | No | Paddles, Sequential | Potentiometer | Standing | ||
Logitech | Driving Force GT | 2007[21] | 900 | Yes | No | No | Paddles, Sequential | Potentiometer | Standing | |
Logitech | G25 | 2006[23] | 900 | Gear-driven (with straight-cut gears)[24] | No | Yes | Paddles, H-shift, Sequential | Potentiometer | Standing | |
Fanatec | Porsche 911 Carrera Wheel | 2009[25] | Gear-driven[25] | Potentiometer | ||||||
Logitech | G27 | 900 | (helical) gear-driven[24] | No | Leather[26] | Yes | Paddles, H-shift | Potentiometer | Standing | |
Mad Catz | Pro Racing Force Feedback Wheel | 2014 | 900 | (helical) gear-driven[27] | Yes | Suede leather[27] | No | Paddles | Potentiometer | Standing |
Logitech | G920 | 2015[28] | 900 | Yes | No | Yes | Paddles, H-shift | Potentiometer | Standing | |
Logitech | G29 | 2015[28] | 900 | Gear-driven[29] | No | Yes | Paddles, H-shift | Potentiometer | Standing | |
Logitech | G923 TRUEFORCE Sim Racing Wheel | 2020[28] | 900 | Dual-motor geared force feedback |
Hybrid gear and belt-driven
Manufacturer | Product | Year | Max Rotation (Deg) | FFB mechanism | Wheel detaches from the base | Wheel cover material | Clutch | Shifter | Brake Sensor | Pedal Type | Pedal Unit |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Thrustmaster | T150 RS | 2015 | 1080 | Hybrid | No | Paddles | Potentiometer | Standing | |||
Thrustmaster | T150 Pro | 1080 | Mixed belt-pulley and gears system[30][31] | Yes | Paddles | Potentiometer | Standing | ||||
Thrustmaster | T248 | 2021 | 1080 | Hybrid[32] | No | Plastic, Fake Leather | Yes | Paddles | Contactless, Magnetic | Standing | T3PM[33] |
Thrustmaster | T128 | 2022[34] | 900 | Hybrid[35] | No | Plastic | No | Paddles | Contactless, Magnetic | Standing | T2PM |
Belt-driven
Manufacturer | Product | Year | Max Rotation (Deg) | FFB mechanism | Wheel detaches from the base | Wheel cover material | Clutch | Shifter | Brake Sensor | Pedal Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fanatec [lower-alpha 4] | Porsche 911 Turbo S Wheel | (<=2009)[36] | 900 | Belt-driven | N/A | Paddles | N/A | N/A | ||
Fanatec [lower-alpha 4] | Porsche 911 GT2 Wheel | (<2011)[37] | 900 | belt-driven Mabuchi 550 motor[37] | Alcantara | N/A | Paddles | N/A | N/A | |
Fanatec [lower-alpha 4] | Forza Motorsport CSR Elite Wheel | (<=2011) | 900 | Yes | N/A | Paddles | N/A | N/A | ||
Fanatec [lower-alpha 4] | Forza Motorsport CSR Wheel | (<=2011)[37] | 900 | belt-driven Mabuchi 550 motor[37] | N/A | Paddles | N/A | N/A | ||
Fanatec [lower-alpha 4] | Porsche 911 Carrera Wheel | 2011[38] | 900 | belt-driven[38] | Yes | Paddles, H-Shift | N/A | Standing | ||
Fanatec [lower-alpha 4] | Porsche 911 GT3 RS Wheel | (<=2011)[38] | 900 | Belt-driven[38] | N/A | Paddles | N/A | N/A | ||
Fanatec | CSL Elite Wheel | 2017[39] | 1080-degree[39] | Yes, single non-ribbed belt-drive,[39] up to 6 Nm torque[40] | N/A | Paddles | N/A | N/A | ||
Fanatec [lower-alpha 4] | ClubSport Wheel (CSW) v.1 | (<=2013) | 900 | Single belt drive (Single gear toothed belt drive), brushless servo motor[41] | Yes | N/A | Paddles | N/A | N/A | |
Fanatec [lower-alpha 4] | ClubSport Wheel (CSW) V2.5 | 900 | dual belt-drive, up to 8 Nm torque[40] | Yes | N/A | Paddles | N/A | N/A | ||
Thrustmaster | T300 RS[42] | 2014[43][44] | 1080 | Dual-belt-driven,[29][45] brushless motor, hall sensor with 65k positions resolution[46] | Yes[47] | Rubber[26] | Yes | Paddles | Potentiometer | Standing |
Thrustmaster | T500 RS | 2011[48] | 1080 | Brushed motors[45] | Yes[47] | Yes | Paddles | Potentiometer | Standing/Hanging | |
Thrustmaster | TS-PC Racer | 2017[49] | 1080 | dual-belt-drive,[50] brushless motor (about 6 Nm torque), hall sensor with 65k positions resolution[51] | Yes | Pseudo-alcantara[51][52] | N/A | N/A |
Direct-drive bases or wheel + base combos
Other types / uncategorized
Manufacturer | Product | Year | Max Rotation (Deg) | FFB | Clutch | Shifter | Brake Sensor | Pedal Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Frex | Simwheel [lower-alpha 5] V1[53] | 2008[54] | 1080 | Yes | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
VPP | Wheel, Hyperreal Pedals | (<= 2006) | 270 | Yes | Optional | Paddles | Potentiometer | Standing |
Pedals
Other features by which pedals can be compared are whether they can be inverted (hanging pedals), build material (plastic, aluminum), adjustability (position, pressure, travel), measured pressure, travel length, sensor resolution.[55]
Potentiometer-based and magnetic brake
Manufacturer | Product | Year | Max Rotation (Deg) | FFB | Clutch | Shifter | Brake Sensor | Sensor Resolution | Pedal Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fanatec [lower-alpha 4] | Standard Porche Pedals | N/A | N/A | Yes | N/A | Potentiometer | 8 bit[56] | Standing | |
Fanatec [lower-alpha 4] | CSR Pedals | 2011[57] | N/A | N/A | Yes | N/A | Potentiometer | 8 bit[56] | Standing/Hanging |
A1 | A1 GT Pedals | N/A | N/A | Yes | N/A | Potentiometer | Standing | ||
Act Labs | RS Pedals | N/A | N/A | Yes | N/A | Potentiometer | Standing | ||
Redline | Pedals | N/A | N/A | Optional | N/A | Potentiometer | Hanging | ||
Thrustmaster | T3PA | 2014[58] | N/A | N/A | Yes | N/A | Potentiometer | Hanging | |
Thrustmaster | T3PA-Pro | 2015[59] | N/A | N/A | Yes | N/A | Potentiometer | Hanging | |
Thrustmaster | T3PM | 2021[60] | N/A | N/A | Yes | N/A | Contactless, Magnetic | 10 bit[33] | Standing |
Loadcell brake
Manufacturer | Product | Year | Max Rotation (Deg) | FFB | Clutch | Brake Sensor | Sensor resolution | Pedal Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fanatec | Porsche Clubsport Pedals | 2008[61] | N/A | Yes[61] | Yes | Load Cell | Standing/Hanging | |
Fanatec [lower-alpha 4] | ClubSport Pedals | 2009[25] | N/A | N/A | Yes | Load Cell | 10 bit[56] | Standing |
Thomas Super Wheel | TSW Load Cell Pedals | 2010[62] | N/A | N/A | Yes | Load Cell | Standing | |
Fanatec [lower-alpha 4] | CSR Elite Pedals | 2011[56] | N/A | No[61] | Yes | Load Cell | 10 bit[61] | Standing/Hanging |
Fanatec | Clubsport Pedal V2 | 2013[63] | N/A | N/A | Yes | Load Cell | Standing | |
Derek Speare Designs (DSD) | Wilwood Load Cell Pedals | 2014[64] | N/A | N/A | Yes | Load Cell | Standing | |
Fanatec | Clubsport Pedal V3 | 2015[65] | N/A | Yes[65] | Yes | Load Cell | 12 bit[65] | Standing |
Fanatec | CSL Elite Pedals | 2016[66] | N/A | No | Optional | Optional Load Cell upgrade | Standing | |
Frex | Sim2Pedal | N/A | N/A | No | Hydraulic w/ Load Cell (HydroBrake) | Optional | ||
Frex | Sim3Pedal | N/A | N/A | Yes | Hydraulic w/ Load Cell (HydroBrake) | Optional | ||
A1 | A1 Pro Pedals | N/A | N/A | Yes | Load Cell | Optional | ||
CST (Cannon Simulation Technologies) | Pedals | N/A | N/A | Optional | "Pressure Sensing" | Hanging | ||
REVZALOT | P36 Pedals | N/A | N/A | Yes | Load Cell | Standing | ||
Thrustmaster | T-LCM[55] | 2020[67] | N/A | No | Yes | Load Cell | 16 bit | Standing |
Simworx | Pro GT V3[55] | N/A | N/A | Yes | Load Cell | Standing | ||
MOZA Racing | SR-P Pedals | 2022[68] | N/A | Yes | Yes | Load Cell | 16 bit | Standing |
Shifters
Manufacturer | Product | Max Rotation (Deg) | FFB | Clutch | Shifter | Brake Sensor | Pedal Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fanatec [lower-alpha 4] | Porsche Shifter | N/A | N/A | N/A | H-shift, Sequential | N/A | N/A |
Fanatec [lower-alpha 4] | CSR Shifter | N/A | N/A | N/A | H-shift, Sequential | N/A | N/A |
Frex | HShift+ | N/A | N/A | N/A | H-shift | N/A | N/A |
Frex | Shift+ | N/A | N/A | N/A | Sequential | N/A | N/A |
A1 | GearBox | N/A | N/A | N/A | H-Shift | N/A | N/A |
Act Labs | RS Shifter | N/A | N/A | N/A | H-shift | N/A | N/A |
Logitech | G Driving Force Shifter | H-Shift |
Notes
- ↑ Utilizes fluid dampening.
- ↑ Future FFB addon possible.
- ↑ Includes two separate analog paddle axis.
- ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 Components may be packaged together in some cases and sold as a bundle.
- ↑ Includes hub mechanism only; wheel and adapters not included.
References
- ↑ Andrew See (1994) THRUSTMASTER FORMULA T1 DRIVING SIMULATOR CONTROLS by Thrustmaster, Game Bytes Magazine
- ↑ DARIN GANGI Throwback Thursday: Thrustmaster T1, AUGUST 22, 2014
- ↑ Thrustmaster Formula T1/T2 Profile
- ↑ Julien Jay SideWinder Force Feedback Wheel review
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Dell’Amico, M., Marzani, S., Minin, L., Montanari, R., Tesauri, F., Mariani, & Tango, F. (2007) Design of an adaptive feedback based steering wheel, p.181, in Marvin J. Dainoff (Ed., 2007) International Conference on Ergonomics and Health Aspects of Work with Computers (pp. 180–188). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
- ↑ Chen, W., Chugh, T., Klomp, M., Ran, S., & Lidberg, M. (2017) Design and control of the steering torque feedback in a vehicle driving simulator, in Maksym Spiryagin, Timothy Gordon, Colin Cole, Tim McSweeney (Eds., 2021) The Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks, ch.7 (pp. 213–219). CRC Press, p.215
- ↑ Harrer, M., Pfeffer, P., & Braess, H. H. (2017). Steering-feel, interaction between driver and car. In Steering Handbook (pp. 149–168). Springer, Cham.
- ↑ Pastorino, R., Desloovere, M., Vanneste, F., Degezelle, P., Desmet, W., & Optidrive, N. V. (2015) Development, implementation and validation of a hard real-time multibody simulation for high-fidelity steering wheel force feedback, in Proceedings of the ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Multibody Dynamics, Barcelona, Spain (Vol. 10).
- ↑ What all the controls do on a modern day F1 steering wheel
- ↑ The Red Chip Review, Issues 2–6, Crown Point Publishing, 1997, p.40
- ↑ ECCI TrackStar 6000, Jan 21, 2009
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Fanatec Speedster 3 (Xbox) Review, Gabriel Vega, neoseeker.com, Sunday, June 12th, 2005
- ↑ Fabio "Bill" Cristi Microsoft Sidewinder Force Feedback Wheel – Review
- ↑ "InterAct Racing Wheel V4 Force Feedback – wheel and pedals set – wired Overview – CNET". https://www.cnet.com/products/interact-racing-wheel-v4-force-feedback-wheel-and-pedals-set-wired/.
- ↑ Saitek R4 Force – wheel and pedals set – wireless Specs, at cnet.com
- ↑ Saitek R4 Review, August 1st, 1999
- ↑ William Gall Saitek R4 ForceFeedback Wheel Review @ RDGR, 3D Gaming World Hardware Review, March 21, 1999
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 Gonzo Wingman Formula Force Wheel, arstechnica
- ↑ Yingzong [1], Hardware One, 12/01/00
- ↑ Logitech Wingman Formula Force Installation Guide, Copyright 1998
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 Andrew Evans Logitech G Teases New Racing Wheel, Reveal Due August 5, gtplanet.net, August 4, 2020
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 Logitech Momo Racing Force-Feedback Wheel, Joel Santo Domingo, pcmag.com, Mar 17, 2005
- ↑ BEN KUCHERA Logitech G25 Racing Wheel review, arstechnica, 10/25/2006
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 "Logitech G27 a Step Up From the G25?". Tekcore Magazine. November 7, 2011. Archived from the original on September 25, 2013. https://archive.today/20130925173416/http://www.tekcore.co.uk/2011/11/07/logitech-g27-a-step-up-from-the-g25/. Retrieved August 16, 2012.
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 Porsche Carrera Wheel Review & Clubsport Pedal Preview, Inside Sim Racing, Feb 14, 2009
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 Andrew Williams Thrustmaster T300 GTE Review, November 3, 2014
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 Catz Pro Racing Force Feedback Wheel Review, Inside Sim Racing, Aug 10, 2014
- ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 Logitech G923 Review: Mainstream Mainstay, August 22, 2020 (updated Aug 24, 2020), Andrew Evans, gtplanet.net
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 Sim / By FLOW RACERS Thrustmaster T300RS GT Review
- ↑ Smoljic, Hrvoje THRUSTMASTER T150 PRO RACING WHEEL REVIEW: ENTRY LEVEL EXCELLENCE, keengamer.com, 2020-04-18
- ↑ t150-pro-forcefeedback at thrustmaster.com (retrieved October 2021)
- ↑ "Thrustmaster T248 Wheel Kit Review, Sim Racing Garage". https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H18vVQpp1Oo.
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 "Thrustmaster T3PM". https://www.thrustmaster.com/products/t3pm/.
- ↑ "T128: The Force Feedback racing wheel to get started in racing simulation". https://www.thrustmaster.com/news/t128-the-force-feedback-racing-wheel-to-get-started-in-racing-simulation/.
- ↑ "Thrustmaster T128 Wheel Kit Review, Sim Racing Garage". https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fzvf61SsveU.
- ↑ Fanatec Porsche 911 Turbo S Wheel – Review
- ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 37.3 "Fanatec Forza Motorsport CSR wheel and Elite pedals review". Engadget. https://www.engadget.com/2011-11-24-edit-fanatec-forza-motorsort-csr-wheel-and-elite-pedals-review.html. Retrieved 2022-04-15.
- ↑ 38.0 38.1 38.2 38.3 Fanatec Porsche 911 Carrera Wheel – Review, virtualr.net
- ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 Williams, Andrew (1970-01-01). "Fanatec CSL Elite racing wheel review". PC Gamer. https://www.pcgamer.com/fanatec-csl-elite-racing-wheel-review-performance/. Retrieved 2022-04-15.
- ↑ 40.0 40.1 Fanatec ClubSport V2.5 review, at techradar.com
- ↑ CSL Elite Wheel Base V1.1 at fanatec.com
- ↑ Thrustmaster T300RS GT Review, Sim Racing Garage, Feb 17, 2018
- ↑ T300 RS: THE FIRST OFFICIAL FORCE FEEDBACK WHEEL FOR PLAYSTATION®4, Thrustmaster official Press release, Los Angeles, June 10, 2014
- ↑ T300 RS, the first force feedback racing wheel for the Playstation®4 System !, Thrustmaster official Press release, New York, 09.15.2014
- ↑ 45.0 45.1 Andrew Williams Thrustmaster T300 RS Review, trustedreviews.com, October 27, 2016
- ↑ Thrustmaster Racing Wheels Benchmarking, thrustmaster.com
- ↑ 47.0 47.1 Thrustmaster T300 RS review, from isrtv.com, beracer.com
- ↑ Greer, Jordan Thrustmaster T300RS Review, gtplanet.net, February 9, 2015 (updated Jun 26, 2017)
- ↑ Matej Inside Sim Racing Reviews Thrustmaster TS-PC Racer, January 9, 2017 (updated Jan 24, 2018)
- ↑ Sim Racing Garage Thrustmaster TS-PC Ferrari 488 Challenge Edition Review, Oct 14, 2018
- ↑ 51.0 51.1 Josh Walrath THRUSTMASTER TS-PC WHEEL REVIEW: A GENUINE LEAP, pcper.com, Feb 27, 2018
- ↑ GamerMuscleVideos THRUSTMASTER TS PC RACER WHEEL REVIEW, Dec 13, 2016
- ↑ Frex Sim Wheel v1
- ↑ Frex Sim Wheel Review by SRT at InsideSimRacing, Aug 25, 2008
- ↑ 55.0 55.1 55.2 The 5 Best Sim Racing Load Cell Pedals, flowracers.com, 2020
- ↑ 56.0 56.1 56.2 56.3 Fanatec CSR Elite Pedal Review, Nov 22, 2011, Inside Sim Racing
- ↑ Fanatec CSR pedal review, Inside Sim Racing, Nov 22, 2011
- ↑ Thrustmaster T3PA Pedal Set Review by Inside Sim Racing
- ↑ Thrustmaster Thrustmaster T3PA-PRO Pedal Set Review
- ↑ "Thrustmaster launches affordable T248 hybrid drive wheel and pedal set". https://traxion.gg/thrustmaster-launches-affordable-t248-hybrid-drive-wheel-and-pedal-set/.
- ↑ 61.0 61.1 61.2 61.3 Fanatec CSR Elite Pedals – Review, at virtualr.net, January 2, 2012
- ↑ Fanatec CSR Elite Pedal Review, Inside Sim Racing, Mar 16, 2010
- ↑ Fanatec Clubsport Pedal V2 Review by Inside Sim Racing, Apr 18, 2013
- ↑ DSD Wilwood Load Cell Pedal Set – First Look by Inside Sim Racing, Jun 15, 2014
- ↑ 65.0 65.1 65.2 Fanatec ClubSport Pedals V3 Review, Inside Sim Racing, Dec 30, 2015
- ↑ Fanatec CSL Elite Wheel Base and Pedals First Look, Aug 28, 2016
- ↑ Thrustmaster T-LCM Pedal Review – Thrustmaster's FIRST Load Cell Pedals!, Sim Racing Paddock, Feb 22, 2020
- ↑ MOZA SR-P Pedals Installation Tutorial, Jun 7, 2022
See also
- HOTAS (hands on throttle-and-stick)
- Linkage (mechanical)
- List of Logitech Racing Wheels compatible games
- Sim racing
- Sawtooth wave