Biology:Grevillea dryandroides
| Grevillea dryandroides | |
|---|---|
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| Grevillea dryandroides in Kings Park Botanic Garden | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Proteales |
| Family: | Proteaceae |
| Genus: | Grevillea |
| Species: | G. dryandroides
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| Binomial name | |
| Grevillea dryandroides C.A.Gardner[4]
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Grevillea dryandroides, commonly known as phalanx grevillea,[5] is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. A diffuse, clumping shrub, it often forms suckers and has divided leaves with up to 35 pairs of leaflets, and groups of red to pinkish flowers on an unusually long, trailing peduncle.
Description
Grevillea dryandroides is a diffuse, clumping shrub that typically grows to a height of 10–50 cm (3.9–19.7 in) and often forms suckers. The leaves are divided, usually 70–140 mm (2.8–5.5 in) long with ten to thirty-five pairs of spreading, linear to narrow egg-shaped lobes with the narrower end towards the base, the lobes 6–16 mm (0.24–0.63 in) long and 1.2–2.0 mm (0.047–0.079 in) wide. The flowers are arranged in groups on a trailing peduncle up to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) long, the rachis 30–100 mm (1.2–3.9 in) long and are red to pinkish red, the pistil 17–23 mm (0.67–0.91 in) long. The style has shaggy hairs near its base. The fruit is a follicle 14–16.5 mm (0.55–0.65 in) long.[5][6][7][8][9]
Taxonomy
Grevillea dryandroides was first formally described in 1933 by Charles Gardner in the Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia from material he collected near Ballidu in 1931.[10][11] The specific epithet (dryandroides) means "Dryandra-like".[12]
In 1993, Peter M. Olde and Neil R. Marriott described two subspecies of G. dryandroides in the journal Nuytsia and the names are accepted by the Australian Plant Census:
- Grevillea dryandroides C.A.Gardner subsp. dryandroides[13] has leaf lobes less than 10 mm (0.39 in) long, the pistil about 17 mm (0.67 in) long, and mainly flowers from August to December;[7]
- Grevillea dryandroides subsp. hirsuta Olde & Marriott[14] has leaf lobes more than 12 mm (0.47 in) long, the pistil 19–23 mm (0.75–0.91 in) long, and mainly flowers from September to December.[7]
Distribution and habitat
Phalanyx grevillea grows in open heath and woodland and is restricted to the Avon Wheatbelt biogeographic region of south-western Western Australia. Subspecies dryandroides grows near Ballidu and subsp. hirsuta between Cadoux and Corrigin.[5][15][16][17][18]
Conservation status
Grevillea dryandroides is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. It has a small and severely fragmented distribution, with an estimated area of occupancy of approximately 100km² and is mainly restricted to roadside verges. The population is in decline and is threatened by accidental destruction during road clearing and competition with invasive weeds. It is not known to occur within any protected areas.[1]
Subspecies dryandroides is listed as Endangered on the EPBC Act List of Threatened Flora and as Critically Endangered on the List of Threatened and Priority Flora under the Biodiversity Conservation Act (2016) in Western Australia.[2][19] Subspecies hirsuta is also listed as Endangered on the EPBC Act List of Threatened Flora and is listed as Vulnerable on the List of Threatened and Priority Flora.[3][19]
it is also listed as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions,[5] but both subspecies are listed as "threatened"[15][16] meaning that they are in danger of extinction.[20]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Keighery, G.; Makinson, R.; Monks, L. (2020). "Grevillea dryandroides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T113015970A113307921. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T113015970A113307921.en. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/113015970/113307921. Retrieved 29 December 2023.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Grevillea dryandroides subsp. dryandroides — Phalanx Grevillea". Australian Government Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water. https://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/publicspecies.pl?taxon_id=64646.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Grevillea dryandroides subsp. hirsuta — Hairy Phalanx Grevillea". Australian Government Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water. https://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/publicspecies.pl?taxon_id=64577.
- ↑ "Grevillea dryandroides". Australian Plant Census. https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/61721.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 "Grevillea dryandroides". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife. https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/1996.
- ↑ "Grevillea dryandroides". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra. https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Grevillea%20dryandroides.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Olde, Peter M.; Marriott, Neil R. (1993). "New species and taxonomic changes in Grevillea (Proteaceae: Grevilleoideae) from south-west Western Australia.". Nuytsia 9 (2): 268–271. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/224642#page/138/mode/1up. Retrieved 5 April 2022.
- ↑ "Grevillea dryandroides". Australian Native Plants Society (Australia). http://anpsa.org.au/g-dryan1.html.
- ↑ "Grevillea dryandroides". Australian National Botanic Gardens. https://www.anbg.gov.au/gnp/interns-2004/grevillea-dryandroides.html.
- ↑ "Grevillea dryandroides". APNI. https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/467220.
- ↑ Gardner, Charles A. (1933). "Contributiones Florae Australiae Occidentalis, VIII.". Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 19: 81–82. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148599#page/117/mode/1up. Retrieved 5 April 2022.
- ↑ Sharr, Francis Aubi; George, Alex (2019). Western Australian Plant Names and Their Meanings (3rd ed.). Kardinya, WA: Four Gables Press. p. 187. ISBN 9780958034180.
- ↑ "Grevillea dryandroides subsp. dryandroides". Australian Plant Census. https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/154593.
- ↑ "Grevillea dryandroides subsp. hirsuta". Australian Plant Census. https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/154594.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 "Grevillea dryandroides subsp. dryandroides". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife. https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/14411.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 "Grevillea dryandroides subsp. hirsuta". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife. https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/14412.
- ↑ "Grevillea dryandroides subsp. dryandroides". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra. https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Grevillea%20dryandroides%20subsp.%20dryandroides.
- ↑ "Grevillea dryandroides subsp. hirsuta". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra. https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Grevillea%20dryandroides%20subsp.%20hirsuta.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 Lawn, Geoff O.. "Biodiversity Conservation (Listing of Native Species) (Fauna) Order 2023". Western Australian Government Gazette (State of Western Australia) 135: 14, 17. https://www.dbca.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/2023-10/Government%20Gazette%20135%20of%202023.pdf.
- ↑ "Conservation codes for Western Australian Flora and Fauna". Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife. https://www.dpaw.wa.gov.au/images/documents/plants-animals/threatened-species/Listings/Conservation%20code%20definitions.pdf. Retrieved 5 April 2022.
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