9,223,372,036,854,775,807
| 9223372036854775807 | |
|---|---|
| Cardinal | nine quintillion two hundred twenty-three quadrillion three hundred seventy-two trillion thirty-six billion eight hundred fifty-four million seven hundred seventy-five thousand eight hundred seven |
| Ordinal | 9223372036854775807th (nine quintillion two hundred twenty-three quadrillion three hundred seventy-two trillion thirty-six billion eight hundred fifty-four million seven hundred seventy-five thousand eight hundred seventh) |
| Factorization | 72 × 73 × 127 × 337 × 92737 × 649657 |
| Greek numeral | [math]\displaystyle{ \stackrel{\sampi\kappa\beta\gamma\tau\omicron\beta\tau\xi\eta\epsilon\upsilon\omicron\zeta}{\Mu} }[/math]͵εωζ´ |
| Roman numeral | [math]\displaystyle{ \overset{ix}{MMMMMM}\quad\overset{ccxxiii}{MMMMM}\quad\overset{ccclxxii}{MMMM}\quad }[/math] [math]\displaystyle{ \overset{xxxvi}{MMM}\quad\overset{dcccliv}{MM}\quad\overset{dcclxxv}{M}\quad\overset{}{DCCCVII} }[/math] |
The number 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 is the integer equal to 263 − 1. Its prime factorization is 72 · 73 · 127 · 337 · 92737 · 649657, which is equal to Φ1(2) · Φ3(2) · Φ7(2) · Φ9(2) · Φ21(2) · Φ63(2).
In computing
The number 9,223,372,036,854,775,807, equivalent to the hexadecimal value 7FFF,FFFF,FFFF,FFFF16, is the maximum value for a 64-bit signed integer in computing. It is therefore the maximum value for a variable declared as a long integer (long, long long int, or bigint) in many programming languages running on modern computers.[1][2][3] The presence of the value may reflect an integer overflow, or error.[4]
This value is also the largest positive signed address offset for 64-bit CPUs utilizing sign-extended memory addressing (such as the x86-64 architecture, which calls this "canonical form" extended addressing[5](p130)). Being an odd value, its appearance may reflect an erroneous (misaligned) memory address.
The C standard library data type time t, used on operating systems such as Unix, is typically implemented as either a 32- or 64-bit signed integer value, counting the number of seconds since the start of the Unix epoch (midnight UTC of 1 January 1970).[6] Systems employing a 32-bit type are susceptible to the Year 2038 problem, so many implementations have moved to a wider 64-bit type, with a maximal value of 263−1 corresponding to a number of seconds 292 billion years from the start of Unix time.
The FILETIME value used in Windows is a 64-bit value corresponding to the number of 100-nanosecond intervals since midnight UTC of 1 January 1601. The latest time that can be represented using this value is 02:48:05.4775807 UTC on 14 September 30,828 (corresponding to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 100-nanosecond intervals since 1 January 1601).[7] Beyond this day, Windows will display an "invalid system time" error on startup.
Other systems encode system time as a signed 64-bit integer count of the number of ticks since some epoch date. On some systems (such as the Java standard library), each tick is one millisecond in duration, yielding a usable time range extending 292 million years into the future.
In C#, this is available as the data type long.[8] The constant is available as long.MaxValue.
In the .NET Framework it is available as the Int64 struct.[9]
The unsigned equivalent is 18,446,744,073,709,551,615, which is one more than twice this number, or 264 − 1.
See also
References
- ↑ "Primitive Data Types" Oracle Corporation
- ↑ Saisang Cai, Mike B, Colin Robertson, Mike Jones, Gordon Hogenson, Billy O'Neal "Integer Limits" Microsoft Corporation 28 January 2018
- ↑ "BIGINT data type" The Apache Software Foundation
- ↑ "Integer Overflow" Techopedia
- ↑ AMD Corporation (December 2016). "Volume 2: System Programming" (PDF). AMD64 Architecture Programmer's Manual. AMD Corporation. http://support.amd.com/TechDocs/24593.pdf.
- ↑ "time_t" cplusplus.com
- ↑ Thulin, Anders (6 April 2013). "Interpretation of NTFS Timestamps". Forensic Focus. https://articles.forensicfocus.com/2013/04/06/interpretation-of-ntfs-timestamps/. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
- ↑ long (C# Reference) | Microsoft Docs
- ↑ Int64 Struct (System) | Microsoft Docs
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