Biology:Alopecosa

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Short description: Genus of spiders

Alopecosa
Alopecosa fabrilis female 1.jpg
female A. fabrilis
Scientific classification e
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Araneomorphae
Family: Lycosidae
Genus: Alopecosa
Simon, 1885[1]
Species

See text.

Alopecosa is a spider genus in the family Lycosidae (wolf spiders), with about 160 species. They have a largely Eurasian distribution, although some species are found in North Africa and North America.

Life cycle

Most species grow up to 2 cm. Alopecosa females make a burrow in which they deposit their egg sac. The female then stays in the burrow guarding the sac until the eggs hatch.[citation needed]

Taxonomy

File:Alopecosa inquilina.ogv The species in this genus have been traditionally grouped into sibling species complexes (groups) based on morphological characters, but, as morphology-based taxonomy can be unreliable, alternative methods have also been employed to identify species correctly. For example, differences in observed courtship and copulation behaviour have proved to be a useful tool for species identification and delimitation, particularly in cryptic species.[2] Molecular techniques have also been applied to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships between some species.[2]

Species

(As of January 2021), the World Spider Catalog accepted the following species:[1]

  • Alopecosa accentuata (Latreille, 1817) – Europe
  • Alopecosa aculeata (Clerck, 1757) – North America, Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Iran, Central Asia, China, Japan
  • Alopecosa akkolka Marusik, 1995 – Kazakhstan, China
  • Alopecosa albofasciata (Brullé, 1832) – Mediterranean to Central Asia
  • Alopecosa albonotata (Schmidt, 1895) – Russia (Middle Siberia)
  • Alopecosa albostriata (Grube, 1861) – Russia (West to East Siberia, Far East)
  • Alopecosa albovittata (Schmidt, 1895) – Russia (Middle Siberia)
  • Alopecosa alpicola (Simon, 1876) – Spain, France, Italy, Russia (Europe), China, Caucasus?, Kazakhstan?
  • Alopecosa andesiana (Berland, 1913) – Ecuador
  • Alopecosa artenarensis Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
  • Alopecosa atis Caporiacco, 1949 – Libya
  • Alopecosa auripilosa (Schenkel, 1953) – Russia (Far East), China, Korea
  • Alopecosa aurita Chen, Song & Kim, 2001 – China
  • Alopecosa ayubaevorum Fomichev & Logunov, 2015 – Russia (Altai)
  • Alopecosa azsheganovae Esyunin, 1996 – Russia (Europe to South Siberia)
  • Alopecosa balinensis (Giltay, 1935) – Indonesia (Bali)
  • Alopecosa beckeri (Thorell, 1875) – Ukraine
  • Alopecosa camerunensis Roewer, 1960 – Cameroon
  • Alopecosa canaricola Schmidt, 1982 – Canary Is.
  • Alopecosa cedroensis Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
  • Alopecosa chagyabensis Hu & Li, 1987 – China
  • Alopecosa cinnameopilosa (Schenkel, 1963) – Kazakhstan, Russia (Central Asia to Far East), China, Korea, Japan
  • Alopecosa cronebergi (Thorell, 1875) – Slovakia, Ukraine, Russia (Europe), Caucasus, Kazakhstan
  • Alopecosa cuneata (Clerck, 1757) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, China
  • Alopecosa cursor (Hahn, 1831) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Iran, Central Asia, China
  • Alopecosa cursorioides Charitonov, 1969 – Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan
  • Alopecosa curtohirta Tang, Urita & Song, 1993 – China
  • Alopecosa deserta Ponomarev, 2007 – Kazakhstan
  • Alopecosa disca Tang, Yin & Yang, 1997 – China
  • Alopecosa dryada Cordes, 1996 – Greece
  • Alopecosa edax (Thorell, 1875) – Poland, China
  • Alopecosa ermolaevi Savelyeva, 1972 – Kazakhstan
  • Alopecosa etrusca Lugetti & Tongiorgi, 1969 – Italy, North Macedonia, Turkey
  • Alopecosa exasperans (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1877) – Canada, Greenland
  • Alopecosa fabrilis (Clerck, 1757) (type species) – Europe, Turkey, Russia (Europe to Far East), Central Asia, China
  • Alopecosa farinosa (Herman, 1879) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, Iran?
  • Alopecosa fedotovi (Charitonov, 1946) – Central Asia
  • Alopecosa fuerteventurensis Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
  • Alopecosa fulvastra Caporiacco, 1955 – Venezuela
  • Alopecosa gachangensis Seo, 2017 – Korea
  • Alopecosa garamantica (Caporiacco, 1936) – Libya
  • Alopecosa gomerae (Strand, 1911) – Canary Is.
  • Alopecosa gracilis (Bösenberg, 1895) – Canary Is.
  • Alopecosa grancanariensis Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
  • Alopecosa hamata (Schenkel, 1963) – China
  • Alopecosa hermiguensis Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
  • Alopecosa himalayaensis Hu, 2001 – China
  • Alopecosa hingganica Tang, Urita & Song, 1993 – Mongolia, China
  • Alopecosa hirta (Kulczyński, 1908) – Russia (north-eastern Siberia)
  • Alopecosa hirtipes (Kulczyński, 1907) – Canada, USA (Alaska), Russia (Europe to Far East)
  • Alopecosa hoevelsi Schmidt & Barensteiner, 2000 – China
  • Alopecosa hokkaidensis Tanaka, 1985 – Russia (Far East), China, Japan
  • Alopecosa huabanna Chen, Song & Gao, 2000 – China
  • Alopecosa hui Chen, Song & Kim, 2001 – China
  • Alopecosa inderensis Ponomarev, 2007 – Russia (Europe), Kazakhstan
  • Alopecosa inimica (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – Tajikistan
  • Alopecosa inquilina (Clerck, 1757) – Europe, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan
  • Alopecosa irinae Lobanova, 1978 – Russia (South Siberia)
  • Alopecosa kalahariana Roewer, 1960 – Botswana
  • Alopecosa kalavrita Buchar, 2001 – Greece
  • Alopecosa kaplanovi Oliger, 1983 – Russia (Far East)
  • Alopecosa kasakhstanica Savelyeva, 1972 – Russia (West to South Siberia, Central Asia), Kazakhstan
  • Alopecosa kochi (Keyserling, 1877) – North America
  • Alopecosa koponeni Blagoev & Dondale, 2014 – Canada
  • Alopecosa kovblyuki Nadolny & Ponomarev, 2012 – Ukraine, Russia (Europe, West Siberia), Kazakhstan
  • Alopecosa kratochvili (Schenkel, 1963) – China
  • Alopecosa krynickii (Thorell, 1875) – Ukraine (Crimea)
  • Alopecosa kulczynski Sternbergs, 1979 – Russia (Middle Siberia to Far East)
  • Alopecosa kulczynskii (Bösenberg, 1895) – Canary Is.
  • Alopecosa kulsaryensis Ponomarev, 2012 – Kazakhstan
  • Alopecosa kungurica Esyunin, 1996 – Russia (Europe)
  • Alopecosa kuntzi Denis, 1953 – Italy (Sicily), Turkey, Russia (Caucasus), Yemen
  • Alopecosa laciniosa (Simon, 1876) – Spain, France
  • Alopecosa lallemandi (Berland, 1913) – Ecuador
  • Alopecosa latifasciata (Kroneberg, 1875) – Central Asia
  • Alopecosa leonhardii (Strand, 1913) – Australia (Central)
  • Alopecosa lessertiana Brignoli, 1983 – China
  • Alopecosa licenti (Schenkel, 1953) – Russia (South Siberia, Far East), Mongolia, China, Korea
  • Alopecosa lindbergi Roewer, 1960 – Afghanistan
  • Alopecosa linzhan Chen & Song, 2003 – China
  • Alopecosa litvinovi Izmailova, 1989 – Russia (South Siberia)
  • Alopecosa longicymbia Savelyeva, 1972 – Kazakhstan
  • Alopecosa madigani (Hickman, 1944) – Australia (Northern Territory)
  • Alopecosa mariae (Dahl, 1908) – Italy, Central Europe to Ukraine and south-eastern Europe, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), China
  • Alopecosa marikovskyi Logunov, 2013 – Kazakhstan
  • Alopecosa medvedevi Ponomarev, 2009 – Kazakhstan
  • Alopecosa michaelseni (Simon, 1902) – Chile
  • Alopecosa mikhailovi Omelko, Marusik & Koponen, 2013 – Russia (Sakhalin)
  • Alopecosa moesta (Holmberg, 1876) – Argentina
  • Alopecosa mojonia (Mello-Leitão, 1941) – Argentina
  • Alopecosa moriutii Tanaka, 1985 – Russia (Far East), Korea, Japan
  • Alopecosa mutabilis (Kulczyński, 1908) – Russia (Europe to East Siberia), USA (Alaska)
  • Alopecosa nagpag Chen, Song & Kim, 2001 – China
  • Alopecosa nemurensis (Strand, 1907) – Japan
  • Alopecosa nigricans (Simon, 1886) – Argentina, Falkland Is.
  • Alopecosa nitidus Hu, 2001 – China
  • Alopecosa notabilis (Schmidt, 1895) – Kazakhstan
  • Alopecosa nybelini Roewer, 1960 – Afghanistan
  • Alopecosa oahuensis (Keyserling, 1890) – Hawaii
  • Alopecosa obscura Schmidt, 1980 – Canary Is.
  • Alopecosa obsoleta (C. L. Koch, 1847) – Turkmenistan
  • Alopecosa ogorodica Trilikauskas & Azarkina, 2014 – Russia (Altai)
  • Alopecosa orbisaca Peng, Yin, Zhang & Kim, 1997 – China
  • Alopecosa orophila (Thorell, 1887) – Myanmar
  • Alopecosa orotavensis (Strand, 1916) – Canary Is.
  • Alopecosa osa Marusik, Hippa & Koponen, 1996 – Russia (South Siberia)
  • Alopecosa osellai Lugetti & Tongiorgi, 1969 – Spain
  • Alopecosa ovalis Chen, Song & Gao, 2000 – China
  • Alopecosa palmae Schmidt, 1982 – Canary Is.
  • Alopecosa passibilis (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) – China
  • Alopecosa pelusiaca (Audouin, 1826) – North Africa
  • Alopecosa pentheri (Nosek, 1905) – Italy, south-eastern Europe, Ukraine, Turkey, Caucasus (Russia, Azerbaijan)
  • Alopecosa pictilis (Emerton, 1885) – North America, Russia (South and north-eastern Siberia, Far East)
  • Alopecosa pinetorum (Thorell, 1856) – Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to South Siberia)
  • Alopecosa psammophila Buchar, 2001 – Czechia, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania
  • Alopecosa pseudocuneata (Schenkel, 1953) – China
  • Alopecosa pulverulenta (Clerck, 1757) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, Iran, China, Korea, Japan
  • Alopecosa pulverulenta tridentina (Thorell, 1875) – Austria
  • Alopecosa raddei (Simon, 1889) – Central Asia
  • Alopecosa rapa (Karsch, 1881) – Kiribati (Gilbert Is.)
  • Alopecosa restricta Mello-Leitão, 1940 – Argentina
  • Alopecosa rosea Mello-Leitão, 1945 – Argentina
  • Alopecosa saurica Marusik, 1995 – Kazakhstan
  • Alopecosa schmidti (Hahn, 1835) – Sweden, Central to eastern and south-eastern Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kazakhstan, Iran
  • Alopecosa sciophila Ponomarev, 2008 – Kazakhstan
  • Alopecosa sibirica (Kulczyński, 1908) – Russia (Middle Siberia to Far East), Mongolia, China
  • Alopecosa simoni (Thorell, 1872) – Mediterranean
  • Alopecosa sokhondoensis Logunov & Marusik, 1995 – Russia (Middle and South Siberia)
  • Alopecosa solitaria (Herman, 1879) – Italy, Central to south-eastern and eastern Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kazakhstan
  • Alopecosa solivaga (Kulczyński, 1901) – Russia (Europe, Siberia, Far East), Mongolia, China
  • Alopecosa solivaga annulata (Kulczyński, 1916) – Russia (West Siberia)
  • Alopecosa solivaga borea (Kulczyński, 1908) – Russia (Middle Siberia)
  • Alopecosa solivaga katunjica (Ermolajev, 1937) – Russia (Altai)
  • Alopecosa solivaga lineata (Kulczyński, 1916) – Russia (West Siberia)
  • Alopecosa spasskyi Ponomarev, 2008 – Russia (Europe), Kazakhstan
  • Alopecosa spinata Yu & Song, 1988 – China
  • Alopecosa steppica Ponomarev, 2007 – Ukraine, Russia (Europe), Kazakhstan
  • Alopecosa striatipes (C. L. Koch, 1839) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus
  • Alopecosa sublimbata Roewer, 1960 – Equatorial Guinea (Bioko)
  • Alopecosa subrufa (Schenkel, 1963) – Russia (South Siberia), Mongolia, China
  • Alopecosa subsolitaria Savelyeva, 1972 – Kazakhstan
  • Alopecosa subvalida Guy, 1966 – Morocco
  • Alopecosa sulzeri (Pavesi, 1873) – Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kazakhstan
  • Alopecosa taeniata (C. L. Koch, 1835) – Europe, Russia (Europe to South Siberia)
  • Alopecosa taeniopus (Kulczyński, 1895) – Greece to China
  • Alopecosa tanakai Omelko & Marusik, 2008 – Russia (Far East)
  • Alopecosa thaleri Hepner & Paulus, 2007 – Canary Is.
  • Alopecosa trabalis (Clerck, 1757) – Europe, Turkey, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kazakhstan, Iran, Central Asia
  • Alopecosa tunetana Roewer, 1960 – Tunisia
  • Alopecosa upembania Roewer, 1960 – Congo
  • Alopecosa valida (Lucas, 1846) – Morocco, Algeria
  • Alopecosa virgata (Kishida, 1910) – Russia (Far East), Korea, Japan
  • Alopecosa volubilis Yoo, Kim & Tanaka, 2004 – Russia (Far East), Korea, Japan
  • Alopecosa wenxianensis Tang, Yin & Yang, 1997 – China
  • Alopecosa werneri (Roewer, 1960) – Algeria
  • Alopecosa xiningensis Hu, 2001 – China
  • Alopecosa xinjiangensis Hu & Wu, 1989 – Mongolia, China
  • Alopecosa xuelin Tang & Zhang, 2004 – China
  • Alopecosa yamalensis Esyunin, 1996 – Russia (Europe, West Siberia)
  • Alopecosa zyuzini Logunov & Marusik, 1995 – Russia (South Siberia), Mongolia


Dubious names

Nomina dubia (dubious names) include:[1]

  • Alopecosa reimoseri (Kolosváry, 1934)
  • Alopecosa strandi (Roșca, 1936)

Distribution and habitat

The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution. The majority of species are native to Eurasia, although some species occur in Africa, and others are found in North and South America.[1] Alopecosa fabrilis is a critically endangered species found in Britain, with examples rediscovered in 2020 in the south of the country.[3] They favor dry climates.[citation needed]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "Gen. Alopecosa Simon, 1885", World Spider Catalog (Natural History Museum Bern), https://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/genus/1771, retrieved 2021-01-13 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Just, Pavel; Opatova, Vera; Dolejš, Petr (2018). "Does reproductive behaviour reflect phylogenetic relationships? An example from Central European Alopecosa wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 185: 1039–1056. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zly060. 
  3. ↑ "Great Fox-Spider rediscovered on MoD land in Surrey". 31 October 2020. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-surrey-54755697. Retrieved 31 October 2020. 

External links

  • Picture of A. accentuata
  • Chen, Jun; Song, Da-Xiang & Gao, Jiu-Chun (2000), "Two new species of the genus Alopecosa Simon (Araneae: Lycosidae) from Inner Mongolia, China", Zoological Studies 39(2): 133–137, PDF

Wikidata ☰ Q139668 entry



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