Biology:Neophasia menapia
| Pine white | |
|---|---|
| |
| Male | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Pieridae |
| Genus: | Neophasia |
| Species: | N. menapia
|
| Binomial name | |
| Neophasia menapia (C. & R. Felder, 1859)
| |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Neophasia menapia, the pine white, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is found in the western United States and in southern British Columbia, Canada.[1][2][3]
It is mostly white with black veins and wing bars. The species is similar to Neophasia terlooii but their ranges only overlap in New Mexico.[1][2]
The wingspan is 42–50 millimetres (1.7–2.0 in).[1] Its habitats include pine forests and Douglas fir forests in northern coastal California.[4]
The host plants are Pinus species, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Tsuga heterophylla, Abies balsamea, Abies grandis, and Picea sitchensis.[5] Adults feed on flower nectar from rabbitbrush, other yellow-flowered composites, and monarda.[4]
Neophasia menapia are a univoltine species that lay their eggs on live pine needles, as stated by a scientific research paper ("Phylogeography and the population genertics of pine butterflies") that details the differences between Neophasia.[6]
Subspecies
Subspecies include:
- Neophasia menapia menapia
- Neophasia menapia tau (Scudder, 1861)[7]
- Neophasia menapia melanica Scott, 1981
- Neophasia menapia tehachapina Emmel, Emmel & Mattoon, 1998
- Neophasia menapia megamenapia Austin, 1998
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Pine White, Butterflies of Canada
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Jim P. Brock and Kenn Kaufman (2003). Butterflies of North America. Houghton Mifflin, New York, NY. ISBN:0618153128
- ↑ "Species Neophasia menapia - Pine White - Hodges#4187 - BugGuide.Net". https://bugguide.net/node/view/69083/data.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Neophasia menapia". https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.109315/Neophasia_menapia.
- ↑ Neophasia, funet.fi
- ↑ Halbritter, Dale A.; Storer, Caroline G.; Kawahara, Akito Y.; Daniels, Jaret C.. "Phylogeography and population genetics of pine butterflies: Sky islands increase genetic divergence" (in en). Ecology and Evolution 9 (23): 13389–13401. doi:10.1002/ece3.5793. ISSN 2045-7758. PMID 31871652.
- ↑ Pelham, J. A Catalogue of the Butterflies and Moths of the United States and Canada. Revised 18 April 2019
Wikidata ☰ Q1346388 entry
 |  |
