Chemistry:Silanes
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Short description: Class of organosilicon compounds with the formula SiR4
In organosilicon chemistry, silanes are a diverse class of charge-neutral organic compounds with the general formula SiR
4. The R substituents can any combination of organic[1] or inorganic groups.[2] Most silanes contain Si-C bonds, and are discussed under organosilicon compounds. Some contain Si-H bonds and are discussed under hydrosilanes.
Examples
- Silane SiH4, the parent.
- Binary silicon-hydrogen compounds (which are sometimes called silanes also) includes silane itself but also compounds with Si-Si bonds including disilane and longer chains.
- Silanes with one, two, three, or four Si-H bonds are called hydrosilanes. Silane is again the parent member. Examples: triethylsilane (HSi(C2H5)3) and triethoxysilane (HSi(OC2H5)3).
- Polysilanes are organosilicon compounds with the formula (R2Si)n. They feature Si-Si bonds. Attracting more interest are the organic derivatives such as polydimethylsilane ((CH3)2Si)n. Dodecamethylcyclohexasilane ((CH3)2Si)6 is an oligomer of such materials. Formally speaking, polysilanes also include compounds of the type (SiH
2)n, but these less studied. - Chlorosilanes have Si-Cl bonds. The dominant examples come from the Direct process, i.e., (CH3)4-xSiClx. Another important member is trichlorosilane (SiHCl3).
- Organosilanes are a class of charge-neutral organosilicon compounds. Example: tetramethylsilane (Si(CH3)4)
By tradition, compounds with Si-O-Si bonds are usually not referred to as silanes. Instead, they are called siloxanes. One example is hexamethyldisiloxane, ((CH3)3Si)2O.
Applications
See compound-specific applications. Commonly:
- Polysilicone production
- PEX crosslinking agent
See also
References
- ↑ Elschenbroich, C. (2016). Organometallics (3rd ed.). Wiley. ISBN 978-3-527-80514-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=B_-OCwAAQBAJ&pg=PR9.
- ↑ Simmler, W.. "Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a24_001.
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