Engineering:Colloid mill
From HandWiki
A colloid mill is a machine that is used to reduce the particle size of a solid in suspension in a liquid, or to reduce the droplet size in emulsions. Colloid mills work on the rotor-stator principle: a rotor turns at high speeds (2000–18000 RPM[1]). A high level of hydraulic shear[clarify] stress is applied on the fluid which results in disrupting and breaking down the structure. Colloid mills are frequently used to increase the stability of suspensions and emulsions, but can also be used to reduce the particle size of solids in suspensions.[1] Higher shear rates lead to smaller droplets, down to approximately 1 μm[2] which are more resistant to emulsion separation.
Application suitability
Colloid mills are used in the following industries:
- Pharmaceutical[1]
- Cosmetic[3][4][5][6]
- Paint[7][8][9][10]
- Soap
- Textile
- Paper
- Food[2][11][12][13][14]
- Grease[15]
Rotor - stator construction
A colloidal mill consist of a high speed rotor and stator with a conical milling surfaces
- 1 stage toothed
- 3 stage toothed
Execution
- fix gap
- adjustable gap
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 David B. Troy, ed (2005). Remington: The science and practice of pharmacy (21st ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. p. 764. ISBN 9780781746731. https://books.google.com/books?id=NFGSSSbaWjwC&q=%22colloid+mill%22&pg=PA764. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 McClements, David Julian (1999). Food emulsions: principles, practice, and techniques (2nd ed.). Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press. p. 172. ISBN 9780849380082. https://books.google.com/books?id=huCSbPwyvBoC&q=%22colloid+mill%22&pg=PA172.
- ↑ Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology. Hoboken: Informa Healthcare. 2001. p. 663. ISBN 9780824741396. https://books.google.com/books?id=3dzCrVrGuigC&q=%22colloid+mill%22+cosmetic&pg=PA663. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
- ↑ Hibbott, H. W. (6 June 2016). Handbook of Cosmetic Science: An Introduction to Principles and Applications.. Elsevier. ISBN 978-1-4831-8647-4. OCLC 952336962. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/952336962.
- ↑ Handbook of cosmetic science and technology. New York: Marcel Dekker. 2001. ISBN 0-585-40384-8. OCLC 50321224. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50321224.
- ↑ Surfactants in cosmetics. Rhein, Linda D., Rieger, Martin M. (2nd, revised and expanded ed.). Routledge. 29 September 2017. ISBN 978-1-351-41248-3. OCLC 1017979590. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1017979590.
- ↑ Tadros, Tharwat F. (4 August 2011). Colloids in paints. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-3-527-64160-4. OCLC 1180123305. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1180123305.
- ↑ Modern technology of paints, varnishes & lacquers. National Institute of Industrial Research (India) (2nd ed.). Delhi: Asia Pacific Business Press. 2007. ISBN 978-81-7833-088-4. OCLC 500577258. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/500577258.
- ↑ Malshe, V. C. (2008). Basics of paint technology. Part 2: for undergraduate students and industrial practitioners. Sikchi, Meenal A. (First ed.). Mumbai, India. ISBN 978-81-903298-4-2. OCLC 905247395. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/905247395.
- ↑ Tadros, Tharwat F. (22 May 2018). Formulation Science and Technology. Volume 4, Agrochemicals, paints and coatings and food colloids. Berlin. ISBN 978-3-11-058800-2. OCLC 1037980115. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1037980115.
- ↑ Practical handbook of soybean processing and utilization. Erickson, David R.. Champaign, Illinois. 25 August 2015. ISBN 978-0-12-804551-0. OCLC 919719609. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/919719609.
- ↑ Berk, Zeki (5 July 2016). Citrus fruit processing. London, United Kingdom. ISBN 978-0-12-803148-3. OCLC 953455849. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/953455849.
- ↑ Saravacos, George D. (29 December 2015). Handbook of food processing equipment. Kostaropoulos, A. E. (Second ed.). Cham. ISBN 978-3-319-25020-5. OCLC 933900288. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/933900288.
- ↑ Berk, Zeki (13 February 2018). Food process engineering and technology (Third ed.). London. ISBN 978-0-12-812054-5. OCLC 1023575296. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1023575296.
- ↑ Pirro, Don M., 1955- (2001). Lubrication fundamentals. Wessol, A. A., Wills, J. George (2nd, revised and expanded ed.). New York: Marcel Dekker. ISBN 0-585-40441-0. OCLC 62794319. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/62794319.
See also
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