Remote Audio Output Protocol
| Communication protocol | |
| Purpose | Internet streaming |
|---|---|
| Developer(s) | Apple Inc. |
| Based on | RTSP / RTP |
| OSI layer | Application layer (7) |
| Hardware | AirPort Express, Apple TV |
| Internet protocol suite |
|---|
| Application layer |
| Transport layer |
| Internet layer |
| Link layer |
Remote Audio Output Protocol (RAOP) is an Internet streaming protocol based on RTSP / RTP authored by Apple Inc.[1][2] It powers the AirPlay technology built into AirPort Express wireless (802.11b/g/n) access point as well as the Apple TV.[2]
The major difference from RTSP is an initial asymmetric key verification made by iTunes to verify it is communicating with an AirPort Express or an Apple TV (as opposed to a simulation), and vice versa. The data channel is also encrypted by AES, with a random key protected by the asymmetric key mentioned above.[citation needed]
The RSA public key stored in iTunes was extracted by Jon Lech Johansen, enabling third-party software to stream music to an AirPort Express.[3]
The RSA private key stored in the AirPort Express was extracted by James Laird, enabling simulation of an Airport Express.[4]
The Shairport-sync application which emulates Airport Express hardware is available.[5]
References
- ↑ "Unofficial AirPlay Protocol Specification". https://nto.github.io/AirPlay.html. Retrieved 20 October 2019.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Technical note to describe the Remote Audio Access Protocol (RAOP) as used in Apple iTunes to stream music to the Airport Express". xmms2. 7 October 2019. https://github.com/xmms2/wiki/wiki/Technical-note-to-describe-the-Remote-Audio-Access-Protocol-(RAOP)-as-used-in-Apple-iTunes-to-stream-music-to-the-Airport-Express-(ApEx).. Retrieved 20 October 2019.
- ↑ "[vlc-devel commit: Comment for myself ( Rémi Denis-Courmont )"]. Mailman.videolan.org. 2008-01-02. http://mailman.videolan.org/pipermail/vlc-devel/2008-December/054010.html. Retrieved 2012-02-10.
- ↑ "[vlc-devel] RAOP/Airtunes". Mailman.videolan.org. 8 April 2011. http://mailman.videolan.org/pipermail/vlc-devel/2011-April/079148.html. Retrieved 2012-02-10.
- ↑ "shairport-sync". github.com. https://github.com/mikebrady/shairport-sync. Retrieved 2016-09-16.
External links
- Technical note to describe the Remote Audio Access Protocol (RAOP) as used in Apple iTunes to stream music to the Airport Express (ApEx)
- RAOP-play an open source implementation of the protocol
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