Anti-facial recognition mask
Anti-facial recognition mask is a mask which can be worn to confuse facial recognition software. This type of mask is designed to thwart the surveillance of people by confusing the biometric data. There are many different types of masks which are used to trick facial recognition technology.
One low technology method is to simply wear a mask over the mouth, along with sunglasses and a hat. Another type of anti-facial recognition mask involves the use of an asymmetrical face covering. Other designs make use of three dimensional faces to cover the wearer's face. Some masks are high tech, for instance scientists at Fudan University in China are trying to create a mask which projects dots onto the wearer's face to confuse the technology.
Background
Many governments use facial recognition software to track and identify people using biometrics.[1][2] Facial recognition software is complex and the technology utilizes CCTV to capture images.[3] Many countries use a two dimensional technology to identify people. The technology works by taking an image of a person's face and matching the image with databases. Usually the technology measures the distance between points of a person's face. Three dimensional facial recognition using infrared also exists.[3] Developers of facial recognition have realized that ears are just as unique as faces, so technology is being developed to identify people by their ears.[4]
Many governments maintain databases of facial photos from government issued identification card photos, arrest photos and surveillance. China has employed a mass surveillance system. The United States and the United Kingdom have employed the technology to help police make arrests. Sydney and Delhi are two of the cities which are among the most surveilled.[3] Companies also scrape images of faces from websites such as YouTube and Facebook, and sell the images to government agencies. In 2020 the company Clearview AI sold 3 billion photos that they scraped from websites to police and other law enforcement agencies.[5]
In 2019 some protestors attempted to hide their faces utilizing masks. The use of high-tech surveillance in countries around the world to monitor protests and identify participants has led to the use of anti-facial recognition masks to thwart the surveillance.[1] The use of the mask can protect protestors from facial recognition technology so that police cannot track and intimidate.[2]
Design
Some mask designers have learned that a good design for an anti-facial recognition mask is to make the mask asymmetrical. One issue with using an asymmetrical mask is it can attract attention for the odd appearance. CNN said, "The resulting disguises look like amorphous, colorful blobs".[3] People have also utilized "anti-facial-recognition face paint" to fool the technology.[6] A mask can also be created with less technology, by using only a face mask and goggles.[7]
One London artist named Zach Blas creates masks using data from many different faces and his company offers a "Facial Weaponization Suite". Another artist, Leo Selvaggio, proposed that a mask with a single person's face could be distributed and it would fool the software into thinking one person was in many different places all at once.[3][8] Selvaggio began selling a three dimensional mask of his own face and The Guardian newspaper stated that "This mask may make Selvaggio the most wanted – though ultimately wrongly accused – man on earth".[9] He named his company "URME Surveillance" (You Are Me).[10]
At Fudan University in China, scientists are working on a mask which would project dots onto a person's face using infrared Light-emitting diode (LED) which are affixed to the inside of the wearer's baseball cap. German artist Adam Harvey, proposed "Hyperface" which would fool the facial recognition software by printing many faces on a person's clothing to confuse the technology. His project is referred to as Computer Vision Dazzle.[9][4]
A Polish designer, Ewa Nowak, created a face jewelry product called "Incognito". Three brass plates attach to the wearer's face and are connected by a wire. Nowak said that the product, "[deflects] the software used to track you".[11] Makeup is also being used to fool the software: this low tech method utilizes asymmetric makeup in patterns on the face.[12] The method is known as "anti-surveillance makeup".[4]
Popular culture
In the Bosch (TV series), season seven episode five, a killer wears a mask. On the show the mask is referred to as a "distortion mask". A detective on the show claims that the mask is designed to prevents facial recognition software from identifying people.[13] The technology is also prominently featured in movies such as Mission: Impossible. In the series the characters often utilize masks to fool facial recognition software.[14]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Stanley, Jay (24 November 2019). "Opinion: The Right To Hide Your Face" (in en). BuzzFeed News. https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/jaystanley/facial-recognition-right-to-wear-a-mask.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Anti-Facial Recognition Masks" (in en). European Union. 9 June 2021. https://www.liberties.eu/en/stories/anti-facial-recognition-mask/43570.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Sottile, Zoe; Hollingsworth, Julia (25 August 2019). "Why protests are becoming increasingly faceless" (in en). CNN. https://www.cnn.com/style/article/protest-design-future-intl-hnk/index.html.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Valenti, Lauren (12 June 2020). "Can Makeup Be an Anti-Surveillance Tool?". Vogue. https://www.vogue.com/article/anti-surveillance-makeup-cv-dazzle-protest.
- ↑ Bryson, Kevin (20 May 2023). "Evaluating Anti-Facial Recognition Tools | News | Physical Sciences Division | The University of Chicago". physicalsciences.uchicago.edu. https://physicalsciences.uchicago.edu/news/article/evaluating-anti-facial-recognition-tools/.
- ↑ Chen, Angela (29 February 2020). "How coronavirus turned the "dystopian joke" of FaceID masks into a reality" (in en). MIT Technology Review. https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/02/29/905599/how-coronavirus-turned-the-dystopian-joke-of-faceid-masks-into-a-reality/.
- ↑ Mahtani, Shibani (15 June 2019). "Masks, cash and apps: How Hong Kong's protesters find ways to outwit the surveillance state". Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/masks-cash-and-apps-how-hong-kongs-protesters-find-ways-to-outwit-the-surveillance-state/2019/06/15/8229169c-8ea0-11e9-b6f4-033356502dce_story.html.
- ↑ Lievrouw, Leah A. (20 April 2023) (in en). Alternative and Activist New Media (16 ed.). 2023: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-5095-0610-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=r-e6EAAAQBAJ&dq=Anti-facial+recognition+mask&pg=PT16. Retrieved 27 January 2024.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Jeffries, Stuart (14 August 2019). "Invisibility cloaks and 3D masks: how to thwart the facial recognition cameras". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/aug/14/thwart-facial-recognition-cameras-invisibility-cloak-3d-mask.
- ↑ Katz, Leslie (8 May 2014). "Anti-surveillance mask lets you pass as someone else" (in en). CNET. https://www.cnet.com/culture/urme-anti-surveillance-mask-lets-you-pass-as-someone-else/.
- ↑ Barnes, Sara (31 August 2019). "Artist Designs Metal Jewelry to Block Facial Recognition Software from Tracking You" (in en). My Modern Met. https://mymodernmet.com/ewa-nowak-avoid-facial-recognition/.
- ↑ Tapper, James (1 February 2020). "Hiding in plain sight: activists don camouflage to beat Met surveillance". The Observer. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/feb/01/privacy-campaigners-dazzle-camouflage-met-police-surveillance.
- ↑ Phillipps, Tracey (30 June 2021). "Bosch: Investigating season 7 episode 5 'Jury's Still Out'". So Many Shows!. https://somanyshows.com/bosch-recap-season-7-episode-5-jurys-still-out.
- ↑ Russon, Mary-Ann (13 July 2023). "Mission: Impossible's technology unpacked —From AI to facial recognition" (in en). Evening Standard. https://www.standard.co.uk/news/tech/mission-impossible-dead-reckoning-technology-used-real-life-b1093576.html.
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