Astronomy:Southern Supercluster Strand

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Short description: Galaxy filament
Southern Supercluster Strand
Observation data (Epoch )
Other designations
Southern Supercluster strand, Southern Supercluster filament
See also: Galaxy group, Galaxy cluster, List of galaxy groups and clusters

The Southern Supercluster Strand is a galaxy filament that incompasses the Southern Supercluster and the Telescopium−Grus Cloud.[1]

In 2014, it was announced that the Southern Supercluster Strand is a lobe in a greater supercluster, Laniakea, that is centered on the Great Attractor.[2] This would mean that the Southern Supercluster Strand's components, the Telescopium−Grus Cloud and the Southern Supercluster[1] would be part of this new supercluster. The Virgo Supercluster would also be part of this greater supercluster, thus becoming the local supercluster.[2]

Physical characteristics

The Southern Supercluster Strand is a galaxy filament that emerges from the Centaurus Cluster. The filament then branches off into two forks, SSCa, and SSCb, also known as the Southern Supercluster and the Telescopium−Grus Cloud respectively.[1] The Southern Supercluster is a long major chain of galaxies, consisting of the major Dorado, Fornax, and Eridanus clusters[3] while the Telescopium−Grus Cloud is a low density galaxy filament, with no central concentration of galaxies. The Telescopium−Grus Cloud along with the Pavo-Indus Supercluster form parts of a wall bounding the Local Void. Likewise, both structures along with the Southern Supercluster also form a wall bounding the Sculptor Void.[1] The Southern Supercluster Srand extends all the way to the Perseus–Pisces Supercluster.[4][5] The Southern Supercluster Strand, along with the Centaurus–Puppis–PP filament, which contains the Antila Wall and both extend to the Perseus–Pisces Supercluster, form a wall bounding the Sculptor Void.[5]

Cetus-Aries Cloud

The Cetus-Aries Cloud, a minor filament that was identified and described in 1987 by astronomer Brent Tully with colleague Richard Fisher in his book The Nearby Galaxies Atlas, connects the Southern Supercluster with the Telescopium−Grus Cloud.[6]

List of Groups

Below is a list of groups in the Cetus-Aries Cloud according to astronomer Brent Tully.[7][8]

Column 1: The name of the group in Tully's NBGC[7][8]
Column 2: The right ascension for epoch 2000.
Column 3: The declination for epoch 2000.
Column 4: Number of members of the group.
Column 5: Brightest member of the group
Column 6: Redshift of the group.
Column 7: Distance of the group (Millions of light-years).
Column 8: Cross-Identifications with other catalogs.

(Sources for data columns:[7][8][9][10][11])

Groups within the Cetus-Aries Cloud
Name of group R.A. (J2000) Dec. (J2000) Number of members Brightest member Redshift Distance (Mly) Cross-ID
NBGC 52-1 02h 41m 09.3s[12] -08d 07m 10s[12]
  • 11 (Tully)
  • 9 (Fourque)
  • 14 (Garcia)
  • 11 (Giuricin)
 NGC 1052[12] 0.004939[12] 56[13] NGC 988 Group,[13] NGC 1052 Group, NGC 1084 Group, LGG 71, NOGG H 175, NOGG P1 162, NOGG P2 165, [FWB89] GrG 207, [HG82] 44[12]
NBGC 52-2 02h 42m 40.7s[14] -00d 00m 48s[14]
  • 8 (Tully)
  • 6 (Fourque)
  • 6 (Garcia)
  • 5 (Giuricin)
 NGC 1068[11] 0.009323[15] 40[15] NGC 1068 Group, M77 Group,[14] LGG 73,[10] NOGG H 178, NOGG P1 165, NOGG P2 168[11] [HG82] 48, [GH83] 032, [TSK2008] 0890[15]
NBGC 52-3 02h 28m 26.1s[16] -01d 29m 16s[17]
  • 5 (Tully)
  • 4 (Fourque)
  • 7 (Garcia)
  • 2/6 (Giuricin)
 NGC 936[11] 0.004873[17] 54[16] NGC 936 Group, LGG 60,[17] NOGG H 160, NOGG P1 147, NOGG P2 151[11] [TSK2008] 0891, [GH83] 028[16]
NBGC 52-4 02h 46m 25.1s[18] -00d 29m 55s[18]
  • 3 (Tully)
  • 2 (Giuricin)
 NGC 1087[11] 0.005080[18] 62[7] NGC 1087 Group, NOGG H 182[11]
NBGC 52-5 01h 59m 42.3s[19] -05d 57m 47s[19]
  • 2 (Tully)
  • 2 (Giuricin)
 NGC 779[11] 0.004640[19] 56[7] NGC 779 Group, NOGG H 126, NOGG P1 111, NOGG P2 115[11]
NBGC 52-6 02h 22m 14.9s[20] -21d 00m 04s[20]
  • 6 (Tully)
  • 6 (Fourque)
  • 8 (Garcia)
  • 6 (Giuricin)
 NGC 908[11] 0.005019[21] 61[7] NGC 908 Group[9] LGG 56[10] NOGG H 158, NOGG P1 145, NOGG P2 148[11] [MdL89] 83, SSRS GROUP 83[20]
NBGC 52-7 01h 33m 21.4s[22] -07d 01m 17s[22]
  • 6 (Tully)
  • 8 (Fourque)
  • 8 (Garcia)
  • 9 (Giuricin)
 NGC 584[11] 0.006004[22] 67[22] NGC 584 Group, Cetus Group, LGG 27,[22] NOGG H 83, NOGG P1 71, NOGG P2 75,[11] [HG82] 45, [TSK2008] 0895[22]
NBGC 52-8 01h 49m 49.7s[23] -10d 03m 05s[23]
  • 3 (Tully)
  • 3 (Fourque)
  • 3 (Garcia)
  • 2/3 (Giuricin)
 NGC 681[23] 0.006158[23] 70[23] NGC 681 Group, LGG 33,[23] NGC 701 Group, NOGG H 107, NOGG P1 90, NOGG P2 93,[11] [TSK2008] 0896[23]
NBGC 52-9 01h 52m 57.5s[24] -13d 30m 20s[24]
  • 4 (Tully)
  • 4 (Fourque)
  • 4 (Garcia)
  • 3/6/2 (Giuricin)
 NGC 720[11] 0.005871[24] 67[24] NGC 720 Group, LGG 38,[24] NOGG H 103, NOGG P1 98, NOGG P2 103[11]
NBGC 52-10 02h 15m 27.6s[25] 06d 00m 09s[25]
  • 2 (Tully)
  • 3 (Fourque)
  • 5 (Garcia)
  • 2 (Giuricin)
 NGC 864[11] 0.005210[25] 67[7] NGC 864 Group,[9] NOGG H 150[11]
NBGC 52-11 01h 50m 54s[26] 05d 24m 02s[26]
  • 2 (Tully)
  • 3 (Fourque)
  • 3/2 (Giuricin)
 NGC 676[11] 0.00481[26] 55[26] NGC 676 Group[9] NOGG H 108, NOGG P1 92, NOGG P2 95,[11]
NBGC 52-12 01h 21m 18.8s[27] 03d 31m 51s[27]
  • 6 (Tully)
  • 4 (Fourque)
  • 5 (Garcia)
  • 5 (Giuricin)
 NGC 488[11] 0.007812[27] 91[27] NGC 488 Group, LGG 21, NGC 470 Group, LGG 20[10] NOGG H 70, NOGG P1 60, NOGG P2 62[11] G45[9]
NBGC 52-13 01h 31m 10.3s[11] 04d 13m 56s[11]
  • 2 (Tully)
  • 2 (Giuricin)
 UGC 1133[11] 0.006561[28] 83[7] UGC 1133 Group, NOGG H 85, NOGG P1 74, NOGG P2 78[11]
NBGC 52-14 01h 58m 26.7s[11] 18d 45m 50s[11]
  • 3 (Tully)
  • 3 (Garcia)
  • 3 (Giuricin)
 NGC 772[11] 0.006561[29] 95[29] NGC 772 Group, LGG 40,[10] NOGG H 124, NOGG P1 109, NOGG P2 112,[11] [TSK2008] 0915 ; [M98j] 032[29]
NBGC 52-15 01h 50m 37.0s[30] 21h 54m 14s[30]
  • 2 (Tully)
  • 5 (Fourque)
  • 10 (Garcia)
  • 7 (Giuricin)
 NGC 691,[10] NGC 697[11] 0.009762[30] 118[30] NGC 691 Group, LGG 34,[10] NGC 697 Group, NOGG H 109, NOGG P1 95, NOGG P2 99,[11] HIPASS J0150+21, [GH83] 020[31]

Observational history

Before the Southern Supercluster Strand was identified, its two major components were already known: the Southern Supercluster which was discovered in 1953 by astronomer Gérard de Vaucouleurs,[3] and the Telescopium−Grus Cloud which was discovered by astronomer Brent Tully with colleague Richard Fisher in 1987.

In 1987, astronomer Brent Tully with colleague Richard Fisher discovered and described the Cetus-Aries Cloud, a minor filament that connects the Southern Supercluster with the Telescopium−Grus Cloud.[6] In 1992, Fouque et al. grouped the Cetus-Aries Cloud, also known as cloud 52 in the book The Nearby Galaxies Atlas along with the Southern Supercluster's three major clusters, the Fornax, Eridanus, and Dorado clusters (clouds 51 and 53).[32]

In 2013, Courtois et al. discovered based on the distribution of galaxies inferred from their redshifts the Southern Supercluster Strand, which branches off into two forks that emerge from the Centaurus Cluster. These two forks were designated SSCa and SSCb, also known as the Southern Supercluster and the Telescopium−Grus Cloud.[1] In 2017, Pomarède et al. revealed that the Southern Supercluster strand along with another filament known as the Antila Strand, extend all the way to the Perseus–Pisces Supercluster.[5]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Courtois, Hélène M.; Pomarède, Daniel; Tully, R. Brent; Hoffman, Yehuda; Courtois, Denis (2013-08-14). "Cosmography of the Local Universe". The Astronomical Journal 146 (3): 69. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/146/3/69. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 2013AJ....146...69C. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-6256/146/3/69. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Tully, R. Brent; Courtois, Hélène; Hoffman, Yehuda; Pomarède, Daniel (2014-09-01). "The Laniakea supercluster of galaxies". Nature 513 (7516): 71–73. doi:10.1038/nature13674. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 25186900. Bibcode: 2014Natur.513...71T. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014Natur.513...71T. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Mitra, Shyamal (October 1989). "The Southern Supercluster". The Astronomical Journal 98: 1175. doi:10.1086/115205. Bibcode: 1989AJ.....98.1175M. 
  4. ↑ Courtois, Hélène M.; Pomarède, Daniel; Tully, R. Brent; Hoffman, Yehuda; Courtois, Denis (2013-08-14). "Cosmography of the Local Universe". The Astronomical Journal 146 (3): 69. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/146/3/69. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 2013AJ....146...69C. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-6256/146/3/69. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Pomarède, Daniel; Hoffman, Yehuda; Courtois, Hélène M.; Tully, R. Brent (2017-08-10). "The Cosmic V-Web". The Astrophysical Journal 845 (1): 55. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa7f78. ISSN 1538-4357. Bibcode: 2017ApJ...845...55P. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Tully, R. Brent; Fisher, J. Richard (1987-01-01). Atlas of Nearby Galaxies. Bibcode: 1987ang..book.....T. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987ang..book.....T. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 Tully, R. Brent (October 1987). "Nearby groups of galaxies. II - an all-sky survey within 3000 kilometers per second" (in en). The Astrophysical Journal 321: 280. doi:10.1086/165629. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 1987ApJ...321..280T. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Tully, R. Brent (1988). Nearby galaxies catalog. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-35299-1. OCLC 16524318. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/16524318. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 Fouque, P.; Gourgoulhon, E.; Chamaraux, P.; Paturel, G. (1992-05-01). "Groups of galaxies within 80 Mpc. II. The catalogue of groups and group members.". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series 93: 211–233. ISSN 0365-0138. Bibcode: 1992A&AS...93..211F. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992A&AS...93..211F. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 Garcia, A. M. (1993-07-01). "General study of group membership. II. Determination of nearby groups.". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series 100: 47–90. ISSN 0365-0138. Bibcode: 1993A&AS..100...47G. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993A&AS..100...47G. 
  11. ↑ 11.00 11.01 11.02 11.03 11.04 11.05 11.06 11.07 11.08 11.09 11.10 11.11 11.12 11.13 11.14 11.15 11.16 11.17 11.18 11.19 11.20 11.21 11.22 11.23 11.24 11.25 11.26 11.27 11.28 11.29 11.30 11.31 Giuricin, Giuliano; Marinoni, Christian; Ceriani, Lorenzo; Pisani, Armando (2000-11-01). "Nearby Optical Galaxies: Selection of the Sample and Identification of Groups". The Astrophysical Journal 543 (1): 178–194. doi:10.1086/317070. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2000ApJ...543..178G. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000ApJ...543..178G. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 "LGG 71". https://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "Your NED Search Results". https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?objname=NBGC%2052-01&extend=no&hconst=73&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1&out_csys=Equatorial&out_equinox=J2000.0&obj_sort=RA+or+Longitude&of=pre_text&zv_breaker=30000.0&list_limit=5&img_stamp=YES. 
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 "NAME NGC 1068 Group". https://simbad.cds.unistra.fr/simbad/sim-id. 
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 "Your NED Search Results". https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?objname=NBGC%2052-02&extend=no&hconst=73&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1&out_csys=Equatorial&out_equinox=J2000.0&obj_sort=RA+or+Longitude&of=pre_text&zv_breaker=30000.0&list_limit=5&img_stamp=YES. 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 "Your NED Search Results". https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?objname=NBGC%2052-03&extend=no&hconst=73&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1&out_csys=Equatorial&out_equinox=J2000.0&obj_sort=RA+or+Longitude&of=pre_text&zv_breaker=30000.0&list_limit=5&img_stamp=YES. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 "Your NED Search Results". https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?objname=NBGC%2052-03&extend=no&hconst=73&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1&out_csys=Equatorial&out_equinox=J2000.0&obj_sort=RA+or+Longitude&of=pre_text&zv_breaker=30000.0&list_limit=5&img_stamp=YES. 
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 "Your NED Search Results". https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?objname=NGC+1087&extend=no&hconst=73&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1&out_csys=Equatorial&out_equinox=J2000.0&obj_sort=RA+or+Longitude&of=pre_text&zv_breaker=30000.0&list_limit=5&img_stamp=YES. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 "Your NED Search Results". https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?objname=NGC+779&extend=no&hconst=73&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1&out_csys=Equatorial&out_equinox=J2000.0&obj_sort=RA+or+Longitude&of=pre_text&zv_breaker=30000.0&list_limit=5&img_stamp=YES. 
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 "Your NED Search Results". https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?objname=NBGC%2052-06&extend=no&hconst=73&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1&out_csys=Equatorial&out_equinox=J2000.0&obj_sort=RA+or+Longitude&of=pre_text&zv_breaker=30000.0&list_limit=5&img_stamp=YES. 
  21. ↑ "Your NED Search Results". https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?objname=NGC+908&extend=no&hconst=73&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1&out_csys=Equatorial&out_equinox=J2000.0&obj_sort=RA+or+Longitude&of=pre_text&zv_breaker=30000.0&list_limit=5&img_stamp=YES. 
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 22.5 "Your NED Search Results". https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?objname=NBGC%2052-07&extend=no&hconst=73&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1&out_csys=Equatorial&out_equinox=J2000.0&obj_sort=RA+or+Longitude&of=pre_text&zv_breaker=30000.0&list_limit=5&img_stamp=YES. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 23.4 23.5 23.6 "Your NED Search Results". https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?objname=NBGC%2052-08&extend=no&hconst=73&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1&out_csys=Equatorial&out_equinox=J2000.0&obj_sort=RA+or+Longitude&of=pre_text&zv_breaker=30000.0&list_limit=5&img_stamp=YES. 
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 24.4 "Your NED Search Results". https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?objname=NBGC%2052-09&extend=no&hconst=73&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1&out_csys=Equatorial&out_equinox=J2000.0&obj_sort=RA+or+Longitude&of=pre_text&zv_breaker=30000.0&list_limit=5&img_stamp=YES. 
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 "Your NED Search Results". https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?objname=NGC+864&extend=no&hconst=73&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1&out_csys=Equatorial&out_equinox=J2000.0&obj_sort=RA+or+Longitude&of=pre_text&zv_breaker=30000.0&list_limit=5&img_stamp=YES. 
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 "By Name | NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/byname?objname=NGC+0676+GROUP&hconst=67.8&omegam=0.308&omegav=0.692&wmap=4&corr_z=1. 
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 "Your NED Search Results". https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?objname=LGG+20&extend=no&hconst=73&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1&out_csys=Equatorial&out_equinox=J2000.0&obj_sort=RA+or+Longitude&of=pre_text&zv_breaker=30000.0&list_limit=5&img_stamp=YES. 
  28. ↑ "Your NED Search Results". https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?objname=UGC+1133&extend=no&hconst=73&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1&out_csys=Equatorial&out_equinox=J2000.0&obj_sort=RA+or+Longitude&of=pre_text&zv_breaker=30000.0&list_limit=5&img_stamp=YES. 
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 "Your NED Search Results". https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?objname=NBGC%2052-14&extend=no&hconst=73&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1&out_csys=Equatorial&out_equinox=J2000.0&obj_sort=RA+or+Longitude&of=pre_text&zv_breaker=30000.0&list_limit=5&img_stamp=YES. 
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 "Your NED Search Results". https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?objname=NGC%200691%20GROUP&extend=no&img_stamp=YES&hconst=73.0&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1. 
  31. ↑ "Your NED Search Results". https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?search_type=Obj_id&objid=259122&objname=1&img_stamp=YES&hconst=73.0&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1. 
  32. ↑ Fouque, P.; Gourgoulhon, E.; Chamaraux, P.; Paturel, G. (1992-05-01). "Groups of galaxies within 80 Mpc. II. The catalogue of groups and group members.". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series 93: 211–233. ISSN 0365-0138. Bibcode: 1992A&AS...93..211F. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992A&AS...93..211F. 



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