Astronomy:December solstice
The December solstice, also known as the southern solstice, is the solstice that occurs each December – typically on 21 December, but may vary by one day in either direction according to the Gregorian calendar. In the Northern Hemisphere, the December solstice is the winter solstice (the day with the shortest period of daylight), whilst in the Southern Hemisphere it is the summer solstice (the day with the longest period of daylight). During December solstice, the Sun is directly over the Tropic of Capricorn, located in the Southern Hemisphere.
| event | equinox | solstice | equinox | solstice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| month | March | June | September | December | ||||
| year | day | time | day | time | day | time | day | time |
| 2021 | 20 | 09:37 | 21 | 03:32 | 22 | 19:21 | 21 | 15:59 |
| 2022 | 20 | 15:33 | 21 | 09:14 | 23 | 01:04 | 21 | 21:48 |
| 2023 | 20 | 21:25 | 21 | 14:58 | 23 | 06:50 | 22 | 03:28 |
| 2024 | 20 | 03:07 | 20 | 20:51 | 22 | 12:44 | 21 | 09:20 |
| 2025 | 20 | 09:02 | 21 | 02:42 | 22 | 18:20 | 21 | 15:03 |
| 2026 | 20 | 14:46 | 21 | 08:25 | 23 | 00:06 | 21 | 20:50 |
| 2027 | 20 | 20:25 | 21 | 14:11 | 23 | 06:02 | 22 | 02:43 |
| 2028 | 20 | 02:17 | 20 | 20:02 | 22 | 11:45 | 21 | 08:20 |
| 2029 | 20 | 08:01 | 21 | 01:48 | 22 | 17:37 | 21 | 14:14 |
| 2030 | 20 | 13:51 | 21 | 07:31 | 22 | 23:27 | 21 | 20:09 |
| 2031 | 20 | 19:41 | 21 | 13:17 | 23 | 05:15 | 22 | 01:56 |
The December solstice is often seen as the middle of winter in the Northern Hemisphere and the middle of summer in the Southern Hemisphere.
Solar year
The December-solstice solar year is the solar year based on the December solstice. It is thus the length of time between adjacent December solstices.
The length of the December-solstice year has been relatively stable between 6000 BC and AD 2000, in the range of 49 minutes 30 seconds to 50 minutes in excess of 365 days 5 hours. This is longer than the mean year of the Gregorian calendar, which has an excess time of 49 minutes and 12 seconds. Since 2000, it has been growing shorter. In 4000, the excess time will be 48 minutes 52 seconds, and, in 10000, 46 minutes 45 seconds.[3]
The length of the day near the December solstice
See also
Astronomy
Holidays
- Midsummer
References
- ↑ United States Naval Observatory (January 4, 2018). "Earth's Seasons and Apsides: Equinoxes, Solstices, Perihelion, and Aphelion". http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/EarthSeasons.php. [|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
- ↑ "Solstices and Equinoxes: 2001 to 2100". February 20, 2018. http://www.astropixels.com/ephemeris/soleq2001.html.
- ↑ Bromberg, Irv. "Solar Year Length Variations on Earth". University of Toronto, Canada. http://individual.utoronto.ca/kalendis/leap/Solar-Year-Length-Variations.pdf.
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