Astronomy:List of proposed Solar System spacecraft

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This is a list of proposed spacecraft that are planned to focus on the exploration of the Solar System, ordered by date of spacecraft launch.

Planned or scheduled

Mission name Launch date Description Ref(s)
United States IM-1 Lunar lander [1][2]
China Chang'e 6 Lunar south pole sample return mission [3][4]
United States Blue Ghost M1 Lunar lander [5][6]
Japan France Germany MMX Martian moon sample return mission [7][8][9]
United States Europa Clipper Jupiter orbiter, Europa multiple flyby [10][11][12]
European Union Hera Asteroid 65803 Didymos rendezvous [13]
United States VIPER Lunar rover [14][15][16]
United States Rocket Lab Venus Probe Venus atmospheric probe [17]
Japan DESTINY+ Asteroid 3200 Phaethon flyby [18][19]
Japan Tera-hertz Explorer Mars orbiter and lander [20][21]
China Tianwen-2 Asteroid 469219 Kamoʻoalewa sample return, comet 311P/PanSTARRS orbiter [22]
United States Artemis II 4-person lunar flyby [23][24]
United States Artemis III September 2026 4-person lunar flyby, 2-person lunar landing [23][25]
China Chang'e 7 Lunar south pole lander, rover and flying probe [26]
Russia Luna 26 Lunar orbiter [27]
United States Dragonfly Titan rotorcraft lander [28][29]
Russia Luna 27 Lunar lander [27]
China Tianwen-3 Mars sample return mission [30]
United States DAVINCI June 2029 Venus orbiter and atmospheric probe [31]
China Tianwen-4 Jupiter and Callisto Orbiter, Uranus flyby [32][33]
European Union Japan Comet Interceptor Flyby of an Oort Cloud comet [34][35][36]
United States VERITAS 2029 Venus orbiter [31]
Russia Luna 28 Lunar sample return mission [37]

Long-term proposals

Mission name Preliminary launch date estimate Description Ref(s)
Estimated launch date Estimate by Estimate as of
Japan Hakuto-R Mission 2 ispace 2019 Private lunar lander and rover [38]
India Shukrayaan-1 SpaceNews 2020 Venus orbiter [39]
India Mars Orbiter Mission 2 Business Standard 2019 Mars orbiter [40]
United States Europa Lander SpaceNews 2019 Europa lander [41][42]
Russia Orel spacecraft RIA Novosti 2018 Uncrewed lunar orbit [43][44]
United States European Union NASA-ESA Mars Sample Return The Space Review 2020 Mars sample return mission [45]
European Union ExoMars European Space Agency 2022 Rosalind Franklin, Mars rover [46][47][48]
Russia Venera-D Russian Space Research Institute 2021 Venus orbiter and lander [49]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Foust, Jeff (19 December 2023). "Intuitive Machines delays first lunar lander launch to February". SpaceNews. https://spacenews.com/intuitive-machines-delays-first-lunar-lander-launch-to-february/. 
  2. ↑ "Intuitive Machines Sets January 2024 for Historic U.S. Lunar Mission". Intuitive Machines (Press release). 27 October 2023. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
  3. ↑ China N' Asia Spaceflight [@CNSpaceflight] (24 November 2022). "Update:
    2024 Queqiao-2 data relay
    2025 Chang'e-6 lunar sample return from far side
    2026 Chang'e-7 lunar landing in south pole
    2028 Chang'e-8 basic model of lunar research station"    . https://twitter.com/CNSpaceflight/status/1595758500977971201.     
  4. ↑ "China aims to launch Chang'e-6 lunar probe around 2024". Xinhua News Agency. 2021-04-24. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-04/24/c_139903600.htm. "China aims to launch the Chang'e-6 probe to collect samples in the South Pole-Aitken Basin on the far side of the moon around 2024, said a space expert on Saturday." 
  5. ↑ Alamalhoadei, Aria (6 November 2023). "Firefly’s Blue Ghost lander represents a big bet on a future lunar economy". TechCrunch. https://techcrunch.com/2023/11/06/fireflys-blue-ghost-lander-represents-a-big-bet-on-a-future-lunar-economy/. 
  6. ↑ "Firefly Completes Integration Readiness Review of its Blue Ghost Lunar Lander". Firefly Aerospace. 26 April 2022. https://firefly.com/firefly-has-completed-the-integration-readiness-review-irr-of-blue-ghost-m1/. 
  7. ↑ "Martian Moons eXploration (MMX)". https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=MMX-MARS. 
  8. ↑ Yamakawa, Hiroshi; Le Gall, Jean-Yves; Ehrenfreund, Pascale; Dittus, Hansjörg (October 3, 2018). "Joint Statement with Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) and German Aerospace Center (DLR) regarding Martian Moons eXploration" (PDF) (Press release). JAXA. Retrieved October 30, 2018.
  9. ↑ "Mission Overview・Mission Flow" (in en). http://mmx.isas.jaxa.jp/en/mission/. 
  10. ↑ "Europa Clipper". https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=EUROPA-CL. 
  11. ↑ Foust, Jeff (10 February 2021). "NASA to use commercial launch vehicle for Europa Clipper". SpaceNews. https://spacenews.com/nasa-to-use-commercial-launch-vehicle-for-europa-clipper/. 
  12. ↑ "Cost growth prompts changes to Europa Clipper instruments" (in en-US). 2020-07-10. https://spacenews.com/cost-growth-prompts-changes-to-europa-clipper-instruments/. "Chodas said that Europa Clipper now has a launch readiness date of 2024, a year later than plans announced last year." 
  13. ↑ "Industry starts work on Europe's Hera planetary defence mission". ESA. 15 September 2020. https://www.esa.int/Safety_Security/Hera/Industry_starts_work_on_Europe_s_Hera_planetary_defence_mission. 
  14. ↑ "Volatiles Investigating Polar Exploration Rover (VIPER)". https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=VIPER. 
  15. ↑ Loff, Sarah (2019-10-23). "New VIPER Lunar Rover to Map Water Ice on the Moon". http://www.nasa.gov/feature/new-viper-lunar-rover-to-map-water-ice-on-the-moon. 
  16. ↑ Colaprete, Anthony (17 August 2020). "VIPER: A lunar water reconnaissance mission". NASA. https://science.nasa.gov/science-pink/s3fs-public/atoms/files/09-Colaprete-VIPER%20Overview%20for%20PAC%2008172020.pdf. 
  17. ↑ Foust, Jeff (31 October 2023). "Rocket Lab plans launch of Venus mission as soon as late 2024". SpaceNews.com. https://spacenews.com/rocket-lab-plans-late-2024-launch-of-venus-mission/. 
  18. ↑ Kuninaka, Hitoshi (19 May 2020). "宇宙科学ミッション打上げ計画について" (in ja). JAXA. https://www.jaxa.jp/press/2020/05/files/20200519-1.pdf#page=7. 
  19. ↑ "DESTINY+: Deep Space Exploration Technology Demonstrator and Explorer to Asteroid 3200 Phaethon". 2017-08-15. http://www.lcpm12.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/1415-1435-Toyota.pdf. 
  20. ↑ Takeshi Kuroda, Yasuko Kasai, Shinichi Nakasuka, Hiroyuki Maezawa, Takayoshi Yamada, Ryohei Takahashi: TEREX-1: A micro-satellite terahertz lander for the exploration of water/oxygen resources on Mars. 43rd COSPAR Scientific Assembly, Abstract B0.5-0006-21 (oral), id.223, January 2021.
  21. ↑ Kasai, Yasuko (13 June 2018). "Tera-hertz Explorer, TEREX, Mission". University of Tsukuba. NICT. https://www2.ccs.tsukuba.ac.jp/Astro/assets/doc/uchu-forum-2018-06-13-kasai.pdf. 
  22. ↑ Jones, Andrew (2022-05-18). "China to launch Tianwen 2 asteroid-sampling mission in 2025" (in en). https://www.space.com/china-tianwen2-asteroid-sampling-mission-2025-launch. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Tingley, Brett (9 January 2024). "Astronauts won't walk on the moon until 2026 after NASA delays next 2 Artemis missions". https://www.space.com/nasa-artemis-2-moon-mission-delay-september-2025. 
  24. ↑ "NASA's Artemis 2 mission set for November 2024". Phys.org. 7 March 2023. https://phys.org/news/2023-03-nasa-artemis-mission-moon-november.html. 
  25. ↑ "Artemis III Launch - NASA" (in en-US). https://www.nasa.gov/event/artemis-iii-launch/. 
  26. ↑ Jones, Andrew (5 August 2020). "China is moving ahead with lunar south pole and near-Earth asteroid missions". SpaceNews. https://spacenews.com/china-is-moving-ahead-with-lunar-south-pole-and-near-earth-asteroid-missions/. 
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 "Ученый сообщил об активном ходе работ по импортозамещению комплектующих "Луны-27"" (in ru). TASS. 19 July 2023. https://tass.ru/kosmos/18307283. 
  28. ↑ "Dragonfly". https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=DRAGONFLY. 
  29. ↑ "NASA New Frontiers 5: Third Community Announcement". NASA Science Mission Directorate. 2021-05-12. https://newfrontiers.larc.nasa.gov/NF5/. "The launch date for Dragonfly, the fourth mission in the New Frontiers Program, has been delayed to June 2027." 
  30. ↑ Jones, Andrew (2022-06-20). "China aims to bring Mars samples to Earth 2 years before NASA, ESA mission" (in en-US). https://spacenews.com/china-aims-to-bring-mars-samples-to-earth-2-years-before-nasa-esa-mission/. 
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 "NASA Selects 2 Missions to Study ‘Lost Habitable’ World of Venus - NASA" (in en-US). https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-selects-2-missions-to-study-lost-habitable-world-of-venus/. 
  32. ↑ CNSA Watcher [@CNSAWatcher] (23 December 2023). "Tianwen-4, launching Sept 2029, will journey to Jupiter using Venus & Earth gravity assists. Targeting Jupiter capture by Dec 2035 & a Uranus flyby in March 2045, the mission includes 2 probes, one exploring Jupiter's system and another flying by Uranus.". https://twitter.com/CNSAWatcher/status/1738469749179171088. 
  33. ↑ Andrew Jones published (2022-09-22). "China wants to probe Uranus and Jupiter with 2 spacecraft on one rocket" (in en). https://www.space.com/china-probes-jupiter-uranus-same-launch. 
  34. ↑ "Ariel moves from blueprint to reality". ESA. 12 November 2020. https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Ariel_moves_from_blueprint_to_reality. 
  35. ↑ "ESA's new mission to intercept a comet" (in en-GB). http://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/ESA_s_new_mission_to_intercept_a_comet. 
  36. ↑ "Comet Interceptor" (in en-GB). http://www.cometinterceptor.space/. 
  37. ↑ @katlinegrey (11 August 2023). "Yuri Borisov: Roscosmos plans to launch #Luna26 in 2027, Luna-27 - in 2028, and Luna-28 - in 2030 or later. After that, the next goal will be a crewed mission to the Moon.". https://twitter.com/katlinegrey/status/1689922853607550976. 
  38. ↑ "ispace alters Moon mission timelines for greater response to customer needs". NASASpaceFlight.com. 23 August 2019. https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2019/08/ispace-moon-mission-timelines-greater-response-customer/. 
  39. ↑ Mehta, Jatan (2020-11-19). "India's Shukrayaan orbiter to study Venus for over four years, launches in 2024". SpaceNews. https://spacenews.com/indias-shukrayaan-orbiter-to-study-venus-for-over-four-years-launches-in-2024/. 
  40. ↑ "What is Mars Orbiter Mission or Mangalyaan". Business Standard India. https://www.business-standard.com/about/what-is-mangalyaan. "ISRO now plans to develop and launch a follow-up mission called Mars Orbiter Mission 2 (MOM-2 or Mangalyaan-2) in 2024." 
  41. ↑ "In Depth | Europa Lander". https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/europa-lander/in-depth. 
  42. ↑ "Final fiscal year 2019 budget bill secures $21.5 billion for NASA" (in en-US). 2019-02-17. https://spacenews.com/final-fiscal-year-2019-budget-bill-secures-21-5-billion-for-nasa/. 
  43. ↑ ""Федерация" без экипажа сможет облететь Луну в 2026 году" (in ru). РИА Новости. 2018-12-07. https://ria.ru/20181207/1547637941.html. "Российский корабль "Федерация" без экипажа на борту впервые может облететь Луну в 2026 году [The Russian Federation spaceship without a crew on board may first fly around the moon in 2026]" 
  44. ↑ "Russia plans to land humans on the Moon in 2031". 20 November 2016. https://www.spaceflightinsider.com/organizations/roscosmos/russia-plans-to-land-humans-on-the-moon-in-2031/. 
  45. ↑ "The Space Review: Taking on the challenge of Mars sample return". 2020-04-27. https://www.thespacereview.com/article/3930/1. 
  46. ↑ "ExoMars 2022". https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=EXOMARS22. 
  47. ↑ "ExoMars Mission (2022)" (in en-GB). http://exploration.esa.int/mars/48088-mission-overview/. 
  48. ↑ "ExoMars official says launch unlikely before 2028" (in en-US). 2022-05-03. https://spacenews.com/exomars-official-says-launch-unlikely-before-2028/. 
  49. ↑ Zak, Anatoly (5 March 2021). "New promise for the Venera-D project". RussianSpaceWeb. http://www.russianspaceweb.com/venera-d-2021.html. Retrieved 7 March 2021. 



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