Astronomy:Tianwen-2

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Short description: Planned Chinese asteroid and comet exploration mission


Tianwen-2
天问二号
Mission typeAsteroid sample return
Comet orbiter/lander
OperatorCNSA
Mission duration10 years (planned)
Spacecraft properties
ManufacturerCAST
Launch mass≤2,000 kg (4,400 lb)[1]
Start of mission
Launch dateMay 2025 (planned)[2]
RocketLong March 3B[2]
Launch siteXichang[3]
ContractorCASC
469219 Kamoʻoalewa orbiter
Sample mass≥100 g (0.2 lb)[1]
311P/PANSTARRS orbiter
Orbital insertion2034[4][5]
Tianwen Series
 

Tianwen-2 (Chinese: 天问二号) is a planned Chinese asteroid sample return and comet exploration mission that is currently under development.[6] Tianwen-2 was originally known as ZhengHe.[7]

Overview

Tianwen-2 is scheduled to be launched on a Long March 3B rocket in May 2025.[2] It will use solar electric propulsion to explore the co-orbital near-Earth asteroid 469219 Kamoʻoalewa and the main-belt comet 311P/PANSTARRS.[8][9] The spacecraft will rendezvous with Kamoʻoalewa and conduct remote sensing observations in orbit, before landing on the asteroid to collect a sample of 100 g (3.5 oz) of regolith.[1][7] A nano-orbiter and nano-lander will be deployed to conduct remote sensing and sampling observations, and explosives will be used to expose potential subsurface volatiles for detection.[3]

The spacecraft will use both anchor-and-attach and touch-and-go methods to attempt collection of a sample from the asteroid. It would be the first time an anchor-and-attach method has been used on an asteroid, as both OSIRIS-REx and Hayabusa2 used touch-and-go.[10]

Tianwen-2 will then return to Earth to drop off a return capsule containing the sample and conduct a gravity assist maneuver to propel the spacecraft toward 311P/PANSTARRS.[11] A flyby of an unnamed asteroid may also be attempted en route to 311P/PANSTARRS.[3] Remote sensing and in-situ measurements will be conducted at 311P/PANSTARRS for at least one year.[7][12]

The original name of this mission referenced the 15th century Ming Dynasty explorer Zheng He.

History

In 2018, a deep space exploration roadmap covering the 2020–2030 timeframe was proposed by researchers at the Chinese Academy of Sciences,[13] which included an asteroid exploration mission planned for launch around 2022 or 2024.[14][15] In spring 2019, after a design study for the mission was carried out by the Chinese Academy of Space Technology (CAST), the CNSA began soliciting international proposals for scientific instruments to be carried on Tianwen-2.[7][8][11]

Instruments

Tianwen-2 will incorporate several types of instruments, including wide/narrow angle multispectral and color cameras, a thermal emission spectrometer, a visible/near-infrared imaging spectrometer, a mass spectrometer, a magnetometer, and a charged/neutral particle and dust analyzer.[7][11] International contributions to these payloads are being encouraged.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 赵志军、全齐全、潘博、危清清、赵京东. "多臂协作式小天体附着取样机器人机械系统". 哈尔滨工业大学. http://hit.alljournals.cn/hitxb_cn/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20220101. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Jones, Andrew (26 June 2023). "China conducts parachute tests for asteroid sample return mission". SpaceNews. https://spacenews.com/china-conducts-parachute-tests-for-asteroid-sample-return-mission/. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Jones, Andrew (5 August 2020). "China is moving ahead with lunar south pole and near-Earth asteroid missions". SpaceNews. https://spacenews.com/china-is-moving-ahead-with-lunar-south-pole-and-near-earth-asteroid-missions/. 
  4. ↑ Snodgrass, Colin (October 2018). "Exploring the next frontier: the Main Belt Comets – Chinese MBC mission". University of Edinburgh. p. 20. http://www.astro.sk/AFTERROSETTA/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/future-MBC-missions.pdf. 
  5. ↑ 我们的太空 (2021-04-27). "【讯息·航天】2021中国航天大会 航天领域重磅消息密集发布：小天体探测、月球科研站、重型火箭……" (in zh-hans). 知乎. https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/367912797. Retrieved 2022-06-25. 
  6. ↑ Jones, Andrew (2022-05-18). "China to launch Tianwen 2 asteroid-sampling mission in 2025" (in en). https://www.space.com/china-tianwen2-asteroid-sampling-mission-2025-launch. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Zhang, Xiaojing; Huang, Jiangchuan; Wang, Tong; Huo, Zhuoxi (18–22 March 2019). "ZhengHe – A Mission to a Near-Earth Asteroid and a Main Belt Comet". 50th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2019/pdf/1045.pdf. Retrieved 4 June 2019. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Gibney, Elizabeth (30 April 2019). "China plans mission to Earth's pet asteroid". Nature. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-01390-5. PMID 32346150. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-01390-5. Retrieved 4 June 2019. 
  9. ↑ "China to meet challenges of exploring asteroid, comet". Xinhua. 6 November 2019. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-11/06/c_138533014.htm. 
  10. ↑ "China Plans Near-Earth Asteroid Smash-and-Grab" (in en). 2021-08-10. https://spectrum.ieee.org/china-plans-near-earth-asteroid-smash-and-grab. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 "China invites world scientists to explore asteroid, comet together". Xinhua. 18 April 2019. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-04/18/c_137988625.htm. 
  12. ↑ "China pushes forward exploration of small celestial bodies". Xinhua. 24 April 2021. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-04/24/c_139903587.htm. 
  13. ↑ Xu, Lin; Zou, Yongliao; Jia, Yingzhuo (2018). "China's planning for deep space exploration and lunar exploration before 2030". Chinese Journal of Space Science 38 (5): 591–592. doi:10.11728/cjss2018.05.591. Bibcode: 2018ChJSS..38..591X. http://epizodsspace.airbase.ru/bibl/inostr-yazyki/Chinese_Journal_of_Space_Science/2018/5/Xu_et_al_China's_Planning_---_before_2030_Chin_J_Space_Sci_38_(2018).pdf. Retrieved 4 June 2019. 
  14. ↑ "China outlines roadmap for deep space exploration". 26 April 2018. http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/China_outlines_roadmap_for_deep_space_exploration_999.html. 
  15. ↑ Wang, F. (27 June 2018), "China's Cooperation Plan on Lunar and Deep Space Exploration", Sixty-first session (2018) of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, UNOOSA, http://www.unoosa.org/documents/pdf/copuos/2018/copuos2018tech19E.pdf, retrieved 4 June 2019 .

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