Astronomy:PKS 2215+020

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PKS 2215+020
PKS 2215+020 seen by DESI Legacy Surveys
Observation data (J2000.0 epoch)
ConstellationAquarius
Right ascension22h 17m 48.238s
Declination+02d 20m 10.71s
Redshift3.570000
Helio radial velocity1,070,259 km/s
Distance11.6 Gly (light travel time distance)
Apparent magnitude (V)0.54
Apparent magnitude (B)0.43
Characteristics
TypeRLQ, AGN1
Other designations
NVSS J221748+022011, FIRST J221748.2+022011, PGC 2831265, 87GB J221515.4+020507, TXS 2215+020, PMN J2217+0220

PKS 2215+020, known as PMN J2217+0220, is a quasar located in the Aquarius constellation. Its redshift is 3.57, meaning the object is located 11.6 billion light-years away from Earth.[1] It is classified as a flat spectrum radio source quasar.[2]

Characteristics

PKS 2215+020 is an optically faint and radio-loud quasar (S5 GHz = 0.50.6 Jy).[3][4] Included as part of the Parkes Half-Jansky Flat Spectrum Sample,[5] the quasar has a corresponding linear scale of 3.38 h−1 pc mas−1 and deceleration parameter of q0 = 0.5, which its radio spectral index of 2215+020 is a 5 GHz divided by 2.7 GHz = -0.15 (Sv ∞ vx). From X-ray emission observation with ROSAT in 1998, a minimum evidence for possible elongation along the P.A. = 60°-70° is found.[6]

PKS 2215+020 is a blazar,[7] a type of active galaxy shooting out a jet towards the direction of Earth, according to researchers who studied its jet components. They found out that the quasar contains a nearly proper motion (0.02 mas/yr) superluminal jet about two times the speed of light. PKS 2215+020 has a delta of =11.5 for the Doppler-boosting factor, which they found that the inner relativistic jet inclined within 2 degrees to line of sight, with a Lorentz factor of Gamma=6 bulk.[8]

Further observations from the VSOP observation, found out the jet in PKS 2215+020 has an interesting morphology. They observed that extent of the jet is remarkable showing >80 mas, 250 h−1 pc. Moreover, the jet structures observed in 2215+020 are 10 time larger compared to quasars at z > 3 observed with VLBI, suggesting the jet has a working surface.[9]

Black hole

The supermassive black hole in the center of PKS 2215+020 has an estimated 4 billion solar masses (M☉).[10] According to resolution images of the quasar, researchers found there is rich core-jet structure, unusually large, based on the linear scales from 5 h−1 to 300 h−1 pc (H0 = 100 h km s-1 Mpc-1).[10] This makes PKS 2215+020 to have the longest jet observed, so far at a redshift greater than 3. Through comparing similarities with the VLA and ROSAT observations, an extended radio/X-ray halo surrounding PKS 2215+020 is present.[11]

References

  1. ↑ "Your NED Search Results". https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?search_type=Obj_id&objid=77426&objname=1&img_stamp=YES&hconst=73.0&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1. 
  2. ↑ Healey, Stephen E.; Romani, Roger W.; Taylor, Gregory B.; Sadler, Elaine M.; Ricci, Roberto; Murphy, Tara; Ulvestad, James S.; Winn, Joshua N. (2007-07-01). "CRATES: An All-Sky Survey of Flat-Spectrum Radio Sources". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 171 (1): 61–71. doi:10.1086/513742. ISSN 0067-0049. Bibcode: 2007ApJS..171...61H. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007ApJS..171...61H. Retrieved 2024-05-25. 
  3. ↑ Griffith, Mark R.; Wright, Alan E. (1993-05-01). "The Parkes-MIT-NRAO (PMN) Survey. I. The 4850 MHz Surveys and Data Reduction". The Astronomical Journal 105: 1666. doi:10.1086/116545. ISSN 0004-6256. Bibcode: 1993AJ....105.1666G. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993AJ....105.1666G. Retrieved 2024-05-26. 
  4. ↑ Gregory, P. C.; Scott, W. K.; Douglas, K.; Condon, J. J. (1996-04-01). "The GB6 Catalog of Radio Sources". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 103: 427. doi:10.1086/192282. ISSN 0067-0049. Bibcode: 1996ApJS..103..427G. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996ApJS..103..427G. Retrieved 2024-05-26. 
  5. ↑ Drinkwater, M. J.; Webster, R. L.; Francis, P. J.; Condon, J. J.; Ellison, S. L.; Jauncey, D. L.; Lovell, J.; Peterson, B. A. et al. (1997-01-01). "The Parkes Half-Jansky Flat-Spectrum Sample". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 284 (1): 85–125. doi:10.1093/mnras/284.1.85. ISSN 0035-8711. Bibcode: 1997MNRAS.284...85D. 
  6. ↑ Siebert, J.; Brinkmann, W. (1998-05-01). "ROSAT HRI observations of seven high redshift quasars". Astronomy and Astrophysics 333: 63–69. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 1998A&A...333...63S. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998A%26A...333...63S. Retrieved 2024-12-28. 
  7. ↑ Nowakowski, Tomasz; Phys.org. "Observations explore radio jet of a powerful quasar" (in en). https://phys.org/news/2024-02-explore-radio-jet-powerful-quasar.html. 
  8. ↑ Frey, Sándor; Fogasy, Judit; Perger, Krisztina; Kulish, Kateryna; Benke, Petra; Koller, Dávid; Gabányi, Krisztina Éva (2024-02-17). "Revisiting a Core-Jet Laboratory at High Redshift: Analysis of the Radio Jet in the Quasar PKS 2215+020 at z=3.572". Universe 10 (2): 97. doi:10.3390/universe10020097. ISSN 2218-1997. Bibcode: 2024Univ...10...97F. 
  9. ↑ Paragi, Z.; Frey, S.; Gurvits, L. I.; Kellermann, K. I.; Schilizzi, R. T.; McMahon, R. G.; Hook, I. M.; Pauliny-Toth, I. I. K. (1999-04-01). "VLBI imaging of extremely high redshift quasars at 5 GHz". Astronomy and Astrophysics 344: 51–60. ISSN 0004-6361. Bibcode: 1999A&A...344...51P. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999A%26A...344...51P. Retrieved 2024-12-28. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Lobanov, A. P.; Gurvits, L. I.; Frey, S.; Schilizzi, R. T.; Kawaguchi, N.; Pauliny-Toth, I. I. K. (2001). "VLBI Space Observatory Programme Observation of the Quasar PKS 2215+020: A New Laboratory for Core-Jet Physics at z = 3.572". The Astrophysical Journal 547 (2): 714–721. doi:10.1086/318391. Bibcode: 2001ApJ...547..714L. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/318391/fulltext/51429.text.html#rf5. Retrieved 2024-05-25. 
  11. ↑ Lobanov, A. P.; Gurvits, L. I.; Frey, S.; Schilizzi, R. T.; Kellermann, K. I.; Kawaguchi, N.; Pauliny-Toth, I. I. K. (February 2001). "VSOP observation of the quasar PKS 2215+020: a new laboratory for core-jet physics at z=3.572". The Astrophysical Journal 547 (2): 714–721. doi:10.1086/318391. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2001ApJ...547..714L. 



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