Astronomy:RAD750
The RAD750 is a radiation-hardened single-board computer manufactured by BAE Systems Electronics, Intelligence & Support.[1] The successor of the RAD6000, the RAD750 is for use in high-radiation environments experienced on board satellites and spacecraft.[2] The RAD750 was released in 2001, with the first units launched into space in 2005.[1][3]
Technology
The CPU has 10.4 million transistors, an order of magnitude more than the RAD6000 (which had 1.1 million).[3] It is manufactured using either 250 or 150 nm photolithography and has a die area of 130 mm2.[1] It has a core clock of 110 to 200 MHz and can process at 266 MIPS or more.[1] The CPU can include an extended L2 cache to improve performance.[3] The CPU can withstand an absorbed radiation dose of 2,000 to 10,000 grays (200,000 to 1,000,000 rads), temperatures between −55 °C and 125 °C, and requires 5 watts of power.[1][3] The standard RAD750 single-board system (CPU and motherboard) can withstand 1,000 grays (100,000 rads), temperatures between −55 °C and 70 °C, and requires 10 watts of power.[3]
The RAD750 system has a price that is comparable to the RAD6000, the latter of which as of 2002 was listed at US$200,000 (equivalent to $349,639 in 2024).[4] Customer program requirements and quantities, however, greatly affect the final unit costs.[citation needed]
The RAD750 is based on the PowerPC 750.[1] Its packaging and logic functions are completely compatible with the PowerPC 7xx family.[3]
The term RAD750 is a registered trademark of BAE Systems Information and Electronic Systems Integration Inc.[5]
Deployment
In 2010, it was reported that there were over 150 RAD750s used in a variety of spacecraft.[6] Notable examples,[2] in order of launch date, include:
- Deep Impact comet-chasing spacecraft, launched in January 2005 – first to use the RAD750 computer.[2]
- XSS 11, small experimental satellite, launched 11 April 2005.[2]
- Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, launched 12 August 2005.[2]
- SECCHI (Sun Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation) instrument package[7] on each of the STEREO spacecraft, launched 15 October 2006.
- WorldView-1 satellite, launched 18 September 2007, has two RAD750s.[6]
- Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, formerly GLAST, launched 11 June 2008.
- Kepler space telescope, launched in March 2009.[2]
- Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, launched on 18 June 2009.
- Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), launched 14 December 2009.[8]
- Solar Dynamics Observatory, launched 11 February 2010.
- Juno spacecraft, launched 5 August 2011.[9]
- Curiosity rover, launched 26 November 2011.[10]
- Van Allen Probes, launched on 30 August 2012.[11]
- InSight, launched on 5 May 2018.[12]
- Perseverance rover, launched 30 July 2020.[13]
- James Webb Space Telescope, launched 25 December 2021, uses one RAD750 clocked at 118 MHz.[14]
- Global Precipitation Measurement Core Observatory
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 "RAD750 radiation-hardened PowerPC microprocessor" (PDF). BAE Systems. 2008-07-01. http://www.baesystems.com/download/BAES_052281/Space-Products--RAD750-component. Retrieved 2009-04-27.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 "RAD750". Ball Aerospace & Technologies. http://www.ballaerospace.com/page.jsp?page=96. Retrieved 2009-03-08.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 L. Burchin (2002-12-04), "Rad750 experience: The challenge of SEE hardening a high performance commercial processor MRQW 2002", Microelectronics Reliability and Qualification Workshop (Manhattan Beach, CA: BAE Systems), http://www.aero.org/conferences/mrqw/2002-papers/A_Burcin.pdf, retrieved 2009-04-30.
- ↑ "BAE Systems moves into third generation rad-hard processors". Military & Aerospace Electronics. 2002-05-01. http://mae.pennnet.com/display_article/143464/32/ARTCL/none/none/1/BAE-Systems-moves-into-third-generation-rad-hard-processors/. Retrieved 2009-04-30.
- ↑ "RAD750". Logos Database. http://www.logosdatabase.com/logo/rad750_75894617. Retrieved 2013-02-18. "USPTO serial number 75894617"
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "BAE RAD750 Radiation-Hardened SBCs Control WorldView-1 Satellite". EDA Geek. 2007-10-17. Archived from the original on 2008-12-04. https://web.archive.org/web/20081204161501/http://edageek.com/2007/10/17/bae-rad750/. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
- ↑ The STEREO Mission. Springer. 2008-07-18. ISBN 9780387096483. https://www.springer.com/astronomy/extraterrestrial+physics%2C+space+sciences/book/978-0-387-09648-3?token=gbgen&wt_mc=Google-_-Book+Search-_-Springer-_-EN&otherVersion=978-0-387-09649-0. Retrieved 20 January 2014.
- ↑ BAE Systems Space Computer Gives Wisdom To The WISE, spacedaily.com, 2009-12-22.
- ↑ "Juno Launch Press Kit". NASA. August 2011. http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/JunoLaunch.pdf. Retrieved 18 February 2013.
- ↑ NASA Launches Most Capable and Robust Rover to Mars .
- ↑ Van Allen Probes Launch .
- ↑ Preview of the InSight Mars launch.
- ↑ "The Mars 2020 Rover's Brains". NASA. https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/mission/rover/brains/. Retrieved August 29, 2019.
- ↑ McComas, David. "Lessons from 30 Years of Flight Software". https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20150019915/downloads/20150019915.pdf.
External links
- Radiation-Hardened Processors Products from BAE Systems
- BAE Systems’ Radiation-hardened electronics product guide (PDF), from BAE Systems
- BAE Systems RAD750 processor JTAG Emulator from Corelis.com
- The CPUs of Spacecraft Computers in Space
- NASA’s latest Mars rover has the same processor as an iMac from 1998
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