Astronomy:Sharpless catalog

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Sharpless catalog
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The Sharpless catalog is a list of 313 H II regions (emission nebulae) intended to be comprehensive north of declination −27°. (It does include some nebulae south of that declination as well.) The first edition was published in 1953 with 142 objects (Sh1), and the second and final version was published by US astronomer Stewart Sharpless in 1959 with 312 objects. Sharpless also includes some planetary nebulae and supernova remnants, in addition to H II regions.[1]

In 1953 Stewart Sharpless joined the staff of the United States Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station,[2] where he surveyed and cataloged H II regions of the Milky Way using the images from the Palomar Sky Survey. From this work Sharpless published his catalog of H II regions in two editions: the first in 1953, with 142 nebulae;[3] and the second and final edition in 1959, with 312 nebulae.[2][4]

Sharpless coordinates are based on the star catalogs Bonner Durchmusterung (BD) and Cordoba Durchmusterung (CD), but the second release was adjusted to the 1900 epoch.[1]

In the second release, some coordinates for southern hemisphere regions have an uncertainty over 1 minute of arc.[1] This can make them difficult to find, so a revised catalog called BFS (Blitz, Fich and Stark) was released[1] with 65 new regions and about 20 removals.[1] Most of the removed items were the aforementioned nebula or remnants.[1]

The 312 items in Sharpless sometimes overlap with the 110 Messier objects (M), 7,840 objects in the New General Catalogue (NGC), the Caldwell catalogue (itself a "best of" from other catalogues, with 109 items), and the RCW catalog. Contemporary catalogs were Gum and RCW, but they mainly covered the southern hemisphere.

Table

Table of second Sharpless (1958 version) catalog; click on image for image credit, most of which are either various amateur astronomers, the ESO, ESA, or NASA

Sh2 No. common name Images Names and designations
Sh 2-1 99px
Sh 2-3 RCW 120 99px
Sh 2-6 Bug Nebula 99px Sh2-6, NGC 6302, Bug Nebula,

PK 349+01 1, Butterfly Nebula, RCW 124, Gum 60, Caldwell 69

Sh 2-8 NGC 6334 99px ESO 392-EN 009, Sharpless 8, RCW 127, Gum 64, NGC 6334
Sh 2-9 Gum 65 99px
Sh 2-10 RCW 130 99px
Sh 2-11 War and Peace Nebula 99px Sh2-11, NGC 6357, RCW 131, Gum 66, War and Peace Nebula
Sh 2-25 Lagoon Nebula 99px Sh2 25, RCW 146, Gum 72, Messier 8
Sh 2-29 Sharpless 29 99px Sh2 29, NGC 6559
Sh 2-30 Trifid Nebula 99px Sh2 30, Messier 20, NGC 6514, RCW 147, Gum 76
Sh 2-34 Forgotten Nebula 99px Gum 77, RCW 149, LBN 38
Sh 2-37 Twiddlebug Nebula 99px Gum 78, IC 1283/4, RCW 153, LBN 47
Sh 2-41 99px LBN 51
Sh 2-45 Omega Nebula 99px Omega Nebula, Messier 17, NGC 6618, Swan Nebula, Sharpless 45, RCW 160, Gum 81
Sh 2-49 Eagle Nebula 99px Sh2 49, Messier 16, NGC 6611, RCW 165, Gum 83
Sh 2-54 99px
Sh 2-64 W 40 99px Sh2 64, RCW 174
Sh 2-86 99px
Sh 2-88 99px
Sh 2-101 Tulip Nebula 99px Sharpless 101, Cygnus Star Cloud
Sh 2-105 Crescent Nebula 99px Sh2 105, NGC 6888, Sharpless 105, Caldwell 27
Sh 2-106 Celestial Snow Angel 99px Sh2-106, Celestial Snow Angel
Sh 2-113 Flying Dragon Nebula 99px
Sh 2-117 North America Nebula 99px NGC 7000, Caldwell 20
Sh 2-125 Cocoon Nebula 99px IC 5146, Caldwell 19
Sh 2-140 Sh2-140 99px 99px Sh2-140
Sh 2-155 Cave Nebula 99px Sh2-155, Caldwell 9
Sh 2-158 NGC 7538 99px Sh2-158, NGC 7538
Sh 2-162 Bubble Nebula 99px Sh2-162, NGC 7635, Bubble nebula
Sh 2-170 Little Rosette Nebula 99px Sh2-170, LBN 577, Little Rosette Nebula
Sh 2-171 NGC 7822 99px Sh2-171, NGC 7822
Sh 2-184 NGC 281 99px NGC 281, IC 11
Sh 2-185 99px
Sh 2-191 Maffei 1 99px Sh2-191, Maffei 1, PGC 9892
Sh 2-197 Maffei 2 99px Sh2-197, Maffei 2, UGCA 39,[5]PGC 10217,[5]
Sh 2-199 Soul Nebula 99px Sh2-199, LBN 667, Soul Nebula, IC 1848 (cluster only)
Sh 2-201 99px
Sh 2-211, Sh 2-212 Tribble Nebulae 99px NGC 1624, Sh2-211, Sh2-212
Sh 2-220 California Nebula 99px NGC 1499, Sharpless 220
Sh 2-229 Flaming Star Nebula 99px Flaming Star Nebula, Caldwell 31, IC 405, Sh2-229
Sh 2-237 NGC 1931 99px Sharpless 237
Sh 2-238 Hind's Nebula 99px NGC 1555, Hind's Nebula, Sharpless 238
Sh 2-240 Simeis 147 99px
Sh 2-244 Crab Nebula 99px Messier 1, NGC 1952,
Sh 2-248 Jellyfish Nebula 99px IC 443, Sh2-248, Jellyfish Nebula
Sh 2-264 99px
Sh 2-275 Rosette Nebula 99px Sh2-275, CTB 21
Sh 2-276 Barnard's Loop 99px Sh2-276, Barnard's Loop
Sh 2-277 Flame Nebula 99px Sh2-271, NGC 2024
Sh 2-279 Running Man Nebula 99px NGC 1973, NGC 1975, NGC 1977
Sh 2-281 Orion Nebula 99px Messier 42, NGC 1976, LBN 974
Sh 2-297 Sh2-297 99px Ced 90, LBN 1039
Sh 2-298 Thor's Helmet 99px Thor's Helmet, Gum 4, Sharpless 298, NGC 2359
Sh 2-302 RCW 7 99px
Sh 2-308 99px
Sh 2-313 Abell 35 99px

List

  • Sh 2-1
  • Sh 2-2
  • Sh 2-3
  • Sh 2-4
  • Sh 2-5
  • Sh 2-6
  • Sh 2-7
  • Sh 2-8
  • Sh 2-9
  • Sh 2-10
  • Sh 2-11
  • Sh 2-12
  • Sh 2-13
  • Sh 2-14
  • Sh 2-15
  • Sh 2-16
  • Sh 2-17
  • Sh 2-18
  • Sh 2-19
  • Sh 2-20
  • Sh 2-21
  • Sh 2-22
  • Sh 2-23
  • Sh 2-24
  • Sh 2-25
  • Sh 2-26
  • Sh 2-27
  • Sh 2-28
  • Sh 2-29
  • Sh 2-30
  • Sh 2-31
  • Sh 2-32
  • Sh 2-33
  • Sh 2-34
  • Sh 2-35
  • Sh 2-36
  • Sh 2-37
  • Sh 2-38
  • Sh 2-39
  • Sh 2-40
  • Sh 2-41
  • Sh 2-42
  • Sh 2-43
  • Sh 2-44
  • Sh 2-45
  • Sh 2-46
  • Sh 2-47
  • Sh 2-48
  • Sh 2-49
  • Sh 2-50
  • Sh 2-51
  • Sh 2-52
  • Sh 2-53
  • Sh 2-54
  • Sh 2-55
  • Sh 2-56
  • Sh 2-57
  • Sh 2-58
  • Sh 2-59
  • Sh 2-60
  • Sh 2-61
  • Sh 2-62
  • Sh 2-63
  • Sh 2-64
  • Sh 2-65
  • Sh 2-66
  • Sh 2-67
  • Sh 2-68
  • Sh 2-69
  • Sh 2-70
  • Sh 2-71
  • Sh 2-72
  • Sh 2-73
  • Sh 2-74
  • Sh 2-75
  • Sh 2-76
  • Sh 2-77
  • Sh 2-78
  • Sh 2-79
  • Sh 2-80
  • Sh 2-81
  • Sh 2-82
  • Sh 2-83
  • Sh 2-84
  • Sh 2-85
  • Sh 2-86
  • Sh 2-87
  • Sh 2-88
  • Sh 2-89
  • Sh 2-90
  • Sh 2-91
  • Sh 2-92
  • Sh 2-93
  • Sh 2-94
  • Sh 2-95
  • Sh 2-96
  • Sh 2-97
  • Sh 2-98
  • Sh 2-99
  • Sh 2-100
  • Sh 2-101
  • Sh 2-102
  • Sh 2-103
  • Sh 2-104
  • Sh 2-105
  • Sh 2-106
  • Sh 2-107
  • Sh 2-108
  • Sh 2-109
  • Sh 2-110
  • Sh 2-111
  • Sh 2-112
  • Sh 2-113
  • Sh 2-114
  • Sh 2-115
  • Sh 2-116
  • Sh 2-117
  • Sh 2-118
  • Sh 2-119
  • Sh 2-120
  • Sh 2-121
  • Sh 2-122
  • Sh 2-123
  • Sh 2-124
  • Sh 2-125
  • Sh 2-126
  • Sh 2-127
  • Sh 2-128
  • Sh 2-129
  • Sh 2-130
  • Sh 2-131
  • Sh 2-132
  • Sh 2-133
  • Sh 2-134
  • Sh 2-135
  • Sh 2-136
  • Sh 2-137
  • Sh 2-138
  • Sh 2-139
  • Sh 2-140
  • Sh 2-141
  • Sh 2-142
  • Sh 2-143
  • Sh 2-144
  • Sh 2-145
  • Sh 2-146
  • Sh 2-147
  • Sh 2-148
  • Sh 2-149
  • Sh 2-150
  • Sh 2-151
  • Sh 2-152
  • Sh 2-153
  • Sh 2-154
  • Sh 2-155
  • Sh 2-156
  • Sh 2-157
  • Sh 2-158
  • Sh 2-159
  • Sh 2-160
  • Sh 2-161
  • Sh 2-162
  • Sh 2-163
  • Sh 2-164
  • Sh 2-165
  • Sh 2-166
  • Sh 2-167
  • Sh 2-168
  • Sh 2-169
  • Sh 2-170
  • Sh 2-171
  • Sh 2-172
  • Sh 2-173
  • Sh 2-174
  • Sh 2-175
  • Sh 2-176
  • Sh 2-177
  • Sh 2-178
  • Sh 2-179
  • Sh 2-180
  • Sh 2-181
  • Sh 2-182
  • Sh 2-183
  • Sh 2-184
  • Sh 2-185
  • Sh 2-186
  • Sh 2-187
  • Sh 2-188
  • Sh 2-189
  • Sh 2-190
  • Sh 2-191
  • Sh 2-192
  • Sh 2-193
  • Sh 2-194
  • Sh 2-195
  • Sh 2-196
  • Sh 2-197
  • Sh 2-198
  • Sh 2-199
  • Sh 2-200
  • Sh 2-201
  • Sh 2-202
  • Sh 2-203
  • Sh 2-204
  • Sh 2-205
  • Sh 2-206
  • Sh 2-207
  • Sh 2-208
  • Sh 2-209
  • Sh 2-210
  • Sh 2-211
  • Sh 2-212
  • Sh 2-213
  • Sh 2-214
  • Sh 2-215
  • Sh 2-216
  • Sh 2-217
  • Sh 2-218
  • Sh 2-219
  • Sh 2-220
  • Sh 2-221
  • Sh 2-222
  • Sh 2-223
  • Sh 2-224
  • Sh 2-225
  • Sh 2-226
  • Sh 2-227
  • Sh 2-228
  • Sh 2-229
  • Sh 2-230
  • Sh 2-231
  • Sh 2-232
  • Sh 2-233
  • Sh 2-234
  • Sh 2-235
  • Sh 2-236
  • Sh 2-237
  • Sh 2-238
  • Sh 2-239
  • Sh 2-240
  • Sh 2-241
  • Sh 2-242
  • Sh 2-243
  • Sh 2-244
  • Sh 2-245
  • Sh 2-246
  • Sh 2-247
  • Sh 2-248
  • Sh 2-249
  • Sh 2-250
  • Sh 2-251
  • Sh 2-252
  • Sh 2-253
  • Sh 2-254
  • Sh 2-255
  • Sh 2-256
  • Sh 2-257
  • Sh 2-258
  • Sh 2-259
  • Sh 2-260
  • Sh 2-261
  • Sh 2-262
  • Sh 2-263
  • Sh 2-264
  • Sh 2-265
  • Sh 2-266
  • Sh 2-267
  • Sh 2-268
  • Sh 2-269
  • Sh 2-270
  • Sh 2-271
  • Sh 2-272
  • Sh 2-273
  • Sh 2-274
  • Sh 2-275
  • Sh 2-276
  • Sh 2-277
  • Sh 2-278
  • Sh 2-279
  • Sh 2-280
  • Sh 2-281
  • Sh 2-282
  • Sh 2-283
  • Sh 2-284
  • Sh 2-285
  • Sh 2-286
  • Sh 2-287
  • Sh 2-288
  • Sh 2-289
  • Sh 2-290
  • Sh 2-291
  • Sh 2-292
  • Sh 2-293
  • Sh 2-294
  • Sh 2-295
  • Sh 2-296
  • Sh 2-297
  • Sh 2-298
  • Sh 2-299
  • Sh 2-300
  • Sh 2-301
  • Sh 2-302
  • Sh 2-303
  • Sh 2-304
  • Sh 2-305
  • Sh 2-306
  • Sh 2-307
  • Sh 2-308
  • Sh 2-309
  • Sh 2-310
  • Sh 2-311
  • Sh 2-312
  • Sh 2-313

See also

  • Gum Catalog
  • RCW Catalog
  • List of Star-Forming Regions in the Local Group

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Galaxy Map – The Gum, RCW, Sharpless and BFS catalogs
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Steven, Dick (2002). Sky and Ocean Joined: The U.S. Naval Observatory, 1830–2000. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-81599-4. 
  3. ↑ Stewart Sharpless, A Catalogue of Emission Nebulae Near the Galactic Plane, Astrophysical Journal, vol. 118, p.362, 1953
  4. ↑ Stewart Sharpless, A Catalogue of H II Regions, Astrophysical Journal Supplement, vol. 4, p.257, 1959
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for Maffei 2. http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/. Retrieved 2006-11-25. 



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