Biography:Ad Bax

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Adriaan (Ad) Bax
Born
Netherlands
EducationDelft University of Technology
Known forMethods development for NMR, such as RDCs (Residual dipolar coupling)
AwardsBijvoet Medal of the Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research (1993)

E. Bright Wilson Award (2000)
National Academy of Sciences (2002)
American Academy of Arts and Sciences (2002)
Welch Award in Chemistry (2018)
NAS Award for Scientific Reviewing (2018)

Foreign Member of the Royal Society (2024)
Scientific career
FieldsNuclear magnetic resonance, biophysics
InstitutionsNIDDK, National Institutes of Health
ThesisTwo-Dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Liquids (1981)
Doctoral advisorRay Freeman and Toon Mehlkopf
Notable studentsMichael F. Summers
Websitespin.niddk.nih.gov/bax

Adriaan "Ad" Bax (born 1956) is a Dutch-American molecular biophysicist who is a Distinguished Investigator at the National Institutes of Health. He is the Chief of the Section on Biophysical NMR Spectroscopy in the Laboratory of Chemical Physics at the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. He is known for his work on the methodology of biomolecular NMR spectroscopy. He is a corresponding member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, a Member of the National Academy of Sciences, a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and a Foreign Member of the Royal Society.[1]

Biography

Bax was born in the Netherlands. He studied at Delft University of Technology where he got his engineer's degree (Ir. degree) in 1978 and his Ph.D. degree in Applied Physics in 1981, after spending considerable time working with Ray Freeman at Oxford University. He continued as a postdoc with Gary Maciel in the National Solid-State facility at Colorado State University, before joining the NIH's Laboratory of Chemical Physics in 1983. In 1994 he became Correspondent of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.[2] In 2002 he was elected a Member of the National Academy of Sciences in the section on Biophysics and computational biology and a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.[3][4] Bax was awarded the 2018 NAS Award for Scientific Reviewing in structural biology and the 2018 Welch Award in Chemistry.[5] He was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society in 2024.[6]

Work in NMR spectroscopy

Bax works in the field of biomolecular NMR spectroscopy and has been a leader in the development of what have become today's standard methods in the field.[7] He collaborated extensively with fellow NIH scientists Marius Clore, Angela Gronenborn and Dennis Torchia in the development of multidimensional protein NMR.[8] Bax pioneered the development of triple resonance experiments and technology for resonance assignment of isotopically enriched proteins.[9][10] Together with Torchia and Lewis E. Kay, he developed the now widely adopted methods for studying atomic motions in proteins.[11] Bax also pioneered the use of residual dipolar couplings[12] and chemical shifts[13] for determining DNA[14] and protein structures.[15] Much of his recent work focuses on the use of rapid jumps in pressure inside the NMR sample cell to study mechanisms of protein folding and misfolding,[16] the latter of potential importance to amyloid diseases.[17] He was the world's most cited chemist over two decades (1981-1997).[18][19]

Work on human-generated aerosols

Using laser light scattering, Bax proposed that speech-generated aerosols are likely a dominant SARS-CoV-2 transmission mode, demonstrating that speech aerosols remain airborne much longer than was widely believed hitherto.[20][21] His group also developed novel technologies for capturing exhaled breath particles in a manner that enables quantitative chemical analysis of lung fluid by NMR and mass spectrometry.[22]

References

  1. ↑ "Adriaan Bax, Ph.D., NIH Distinguished Investigator - NIDDK" (in en-US). https://www.niddk.nih.gov/about-niddk/staff-directory/biography/bax-adriaan. 
  2. ↑ "A. Bax". Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. https://www.knaw.nl/en/members/correspondents/3840. 
  3. ↑ "Adriaan Bax – NAS" (in en-US). https://www.nasonline.org/directory-entry/adriaan-bax-fsuqip/. 
  4. ↑ "Book of Members, 1780-2010: Chapter B". American Academy of Arts and Sciences. http://www.amacad.org/publications/BookofMembers/ChapterB.pdf. 
  5. ↑ "Welch Award in Chemistry". http://www.welch1.org/awards/welch-award-in-chemistry. 
  6. ↑ "Outstanding scientists elected as Fellows of the Royal Society | Royal Society" (in en). https://royalsociety.org/news/2024/05/new-fellows-2024/. 
  7. ↑ "The Welch Foundation is honored to announce the 2018 Robert A. Welch…". https://welch1.org/news-reports/news/the-welch-foundation-is-honored-to-announce-the-2018-robert-a-welch-award-in-chemistry-recipient. 
  8. ↑ Clore, Marius G (2011). "Adventures in Biomolecular NMR". in Harris, Robin K; Wasylishen, Roderick L. Encyclopedia of Magnetic Resonance. John Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/9780470034590. ISBN 9780470034590. http://spin.niddk.nih.gov/clore/Pub/pdf/432.pdf. Retrieved 2015-03-14. 
  9. ↑ Ikura M; Kay LE; Bax A (1990). "A novel approach for sequential assignment of 1H, 13C, and 15N spectra of proteins: heteronuclear triple-resonance three-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. Application to calmodulin.". Biochemistry 29 (19): 4659–67. doi:10.1021/bi00471a022. PMID 2372549. 
  10. ↑ Lewis E Kay; Mitsuhiko Ikura; Rolf Tschudin, Ad Bax (1990). "Three-dimensional triple-resonance NMR spectroscopy of isotopically enriched proteins". Journal of Magnetic Resonance 89 (3): 496–514. doi:10.1016/0022-2364(90)90333-5. Bibcode: 1990JMagR..89..496K. 
  11. ↑ Kay, Lewis E.; Torchia, Dennis A.; Bax, Ad (2002-05-01). "Backbone dynamics of proteins as studied by nitrogen-15 inverse detected heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy: application to staphylococcal nuclease" (in EN). Biochemistry 28 (23): 8972–8979. doi:10.1021/bi00449a003. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/bi00449a003. Retrieved 2025-03-03. 
  12. ↑ Tjandra N; Grzesiek S; Bax A (1996). "Magnetic field dependence of nitrogen-proton J splittings in 15N-enriched human ubiquitin resulting from relaxation interference and residual dipolar coupling". Journal of the American Chemical Society 118 (26): 6264–6272. doi:10.1021/ja960106n. 
  13. ↑ Kontaxis G; Delaglio F; Bax A (2005). "Molecular Fragment Replacement Approach to Protein Structure Determination by Chemical Shift and Dipolar Homology Database Mining". Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Biological Macromolecules. Methods in Enzymology. 394. pp. 42–78. doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(05)94003-2. ISBN 9780121827991. 
  14. ↑ Boisbouvier A; Delaglio F; Bax A (2003). "Direct observation of dipolar couplings between distant protons in weakly aligned nucleic acids". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 100 (20): 11333–11338. doi:10.1073/pnas.1534664100. PMID 12972645. Bibcode: 2003PNAS..10011333B. 
  15. ↑ Bax A; Grishaev A (October 2005). "Weak alignment NMR: a hawk-eyed view of biomolecular structure". Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 15 (5): 563–70. doi:10.1016/j.sbi.2005.08.006. PMID 16140525. 
  16. ↑ Charlier, Cyril; Alderson, T. Reid; Courtney, Joseph M.; Ying, Jinfa; Anfinrud, Philip; Bax, Adriaan (2018). "Study of protein folding under native conditions by rapidly switching the hydrostatic pressure inside an NMR sample cell". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115 (18): E4169–E4178. doi:10.1073/pnas.1803642115. PMID 29666248. Bibcode: 2018PNAS..115E4169C. 
  17. ↑ Barnes, C. Ashley; Robertson, Angus J.; Louis, John M.; Anfinrud, Philip; Bax, Ad (2019-09-04). "Observation of β-Amyloid Peptide Oligomerization by Pressure-Jump NMR Spectroscopy". Journal of the American Chemical Society 141 (35): 13762–13766. doi:10.1021/jacs.9b06970. ISSN 0002-7863. PMID 31432672. Bibcode: 2019JAChS.14113762B. 
  18. ↑ "Citation Laureates: Chemistry". In Cites. http://in-cites.com/nobel/2002-nobel-chemistry.html. 
  19. ↑ "50 Most Cited Chemists 1981-1997". http://pcb4122.univ-lemans.fr/citation.html. 
  20. ↑ Anfinrud, Philip; Stadnytskyi, Valentyn; Bax, Christina E.; Bax, Adriaan (2020-05-21). "Visualizing Speech-Generated Oral Fluid Droplets with Laser Light Scattering". New England Journal of Medicine 382 (21): 2061–2063. doi:10.1056/nejmc2007800. ISSN 0028-4793. PMID 32294341. 
  21. ↑ Stadnytskyi, Valentyn; Bax, Christina E.; Bax, Adriaan; Anfinrud, Philip (2020-06-02). "The airborne lifetime of small speech droplets and their potential importance in SARS-CoV-2 transmission" (in en). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117 (22): 11875–11877. doi:10.1073/pnas.2006874117. ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 32404416. Bibcode: 2020PNAS..11711875S. 
  22. ↑ Kakeshpour, Tayeb; Louis, John M.; Walter, Peter J.; Bax, Ad (2025-02-25). "Chemical Analysis of Deep-Lung Fluid Derived from Exhaled Breath Particles". Analytical Chemistry 97 (7): 4128–4136. doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.4c06422. ISSN 0003-2700. PMID 39949307. Bibcode: 2025AnaCh..97.4128K. 

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