Biography:Ardeshir Pashang

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Ardeshir Pashang
اردشیر پشنگ
Ardeshir Pashang in 2017
Born (1979-12-22) December 22, 1979 (age 46)
Kermanshah, Iran
EducationPh.D
Alma materRazi University
University of Tehran
Islamic Azad University
OccupationResearcher, Politician, Journalist
Years active2001–present
TitleDr.

Ardeshir Pashang (Persian: اردشیر پشنگ, born December 22, 1979)[1] is a Kurdish-Iranian Politician, Journalist and researcher of Middle Eastern affairs, focusing on Kurdish studies and Iranian issues.[2] He incorporates a critical perspective in his analyses, addressing themes such as human rights, democracy, and political interactions in the region.

Pashang holds a bachelor's degree in political science and master’s and doctoral degrees in international relations.[3] He began his professional career in journalism in the early 2000s and has since contributed to media and educational initiatives in Iran.[4] He advocates for peace, human rights-based democracy, and constructive dialogue among civil societies of various countries.[5] Through his work, Pashang emphasizes reducing unproductive ideological and extremist nationalist tensions, aiming to foster regional cooperation.

Early life and education

Ardeshir Pashang was born on December 22, 1979, in Kermanshah, Iran, to a middle-class Kurdish family with a strong Iranian and Kurdish cultural heritage. He completed his primary, middle, and high school education in Kermanshah. In 2001, he fulfilled his mandatory military service in the Iranian Air Force, stationed in Tehran. In 2003, he was admitted to the Political Science program at Razi University in Kermanshah, where he successfully earned his bachelor’s degree over the course of six academic terms. Continuing his academic journey, Pashang began his master’s studies in International Relations at the University of Tehran in 2008, graduating in 2011.[6][7]

During the 2009 Iranian presidential election, Pashang’s involvement in political and student activism led to his arrest. He was detained for two weeks and transferred to Section 209 of Evin Prison, a facility known for holding political prisoners. In 2012, his admission to the doctoral program in International Relations at the University of Tehran was unlawfully revoked, prompting him to pursue his Ph.D. at the Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, in Tehran.[1][6][7] However, his admission process at this institution was fraught with difficulties, as his name was inexplicably absent from both the accepted and rejected candidates’ lists for over three months. Throughout his doctoral studies, Pashang faced significant challenges, including prolonged delays in the approval of his dissertation proposal and defense, attributed to pressures from certain university authorities and faculty members. Despite these obstacles, he successfully defended his doctoral dissertation in 2023.

Family

The Pashang family, a prominent Kurdish-speaking lineage with a distinguished history of political and social activism in Iran and Kurdistan, has played a significant role in the region’s contemporary history. The family was actively involved in pivotal events, including the constitutional struggles of 1912, resistance against Reza Shah in 1931, support for Mohammad Mosaddegh’s government in 1953, and backing for Mullah Mustafa Barzani’s movement against the Ba’athist regime in Iraq from 1960 to 1975. In 1931, two prominent figures of the family, Agha Enayat Javanroodi[8] and Mohammad Rashid Beig,[9][10] both grandfathers of Ardeshir Pashang, were arrested on Reza Shah’s orders and imprisoned for a decade in the Qasr-e Qajar prison in Tehran and later in Isfahan.[11] Agha Enayat Javanroodi later documented his tumultuous experiences and those of his companions in a book written in both Kurdish and Persian,[12] which stands as a valuable historical record of the family’s resistance against the injustices of the Pahlavi regime. Furthermore, "Jahan Ara Khanom,"[13] the sister of Agha Enayat Javanroodi, alongside her brother, is recognized as one of the prominent and pioneering poets and literary figures in the southern Kurdistan region.[14][15]

Career

Ardeshir Pashang began his journalism career at a young age with the Iranian Students News Agency (ISNA).[6][16][17] He later contributed to various Iranian media outlets,[18][19][20] including Iran newspaper, Shargh,[21] Taadol,[22] Khabaronline,[23] and IRNA.[24] His work also appeared on international platforms such as Yahoo,[25][26] Efe, La Vanguardia,[27] Heraldo de Aragón,[28] ABC,[29] Universo Online,[30] infobae,[31] La República,[32] Sputnik,[33][34] Deutsche Welle,[35][36][37] SWI swissinfo,[38] VOA (Kurdish section),[39][40] Atalayar,[41][42] Nueva Prensa de Guayana,[43] United World[44][45] and Peace Mark (human rights activists in Iran)[46][47][48][49]

Pashang holds a PhD in International Relations and is a senior researcher specializing in Middle East affairs and Kurdish studies.[50][51] Currently, he serves as the Chief Editor of Faratab News Agency[52][53] and works as a freelance journalist based in Tehran, focusing on regional political analysis and commentary.[54][55][56] He also leads educational initiatives, including journalism and writing workshops,[57] and is actively involved in academic discussions on Middle Eastern geopolitics, as evidenced by his recent participation in conferences such as the 'Middle East in the Midst of War and Peace' at the University of Kurdistan in 2025. Additionally, he delivered a speech at the Erbil Forum 2025 alongside prominent figures such as Nechirvan Barzani and Ahmad Naqibzadeh, Deputy Speaker of the Turkish Parliament, discussing the future of the Middle East."[58][59][60]

Media appearances

Over the past 15 years, Ardeshir Pashang has served as an expert on Middle Eastern affairs, Iran, and Kurdish issues,[61] participating in various programs on international and regional television and radio networks.[62] Notable among these media outlets are Al Jazeera, Rudaw,[63] Kurdistan 24,[64] Kurdistan TV, IRINN, Sahar Kurdi, Sahar Bosnia, Kurdsat, Zagros TV, Russia Today, Radio Iran, Radio Goftogoo, Gali Kurdistan, Eco Iran[65] and Press TV.

Pashang has also appeared in the documentary Sarpatiha (2022).[66][67] This documentary focuses on the role of Yarmohammad Khan Kermanshahi and other key figures, such as Abdolkarim Beyg, Vakil of Javanrud, in the Constitutional Revolution in Kermanshah. The term "Sarpati" in Kurdish culture refers to "bareheaded," symbolizing the freedom fighters who, on the night of October 4, 1912, gathered in Kermanshah’s city center, armed and without head coverings, as a sign of their commitment to liberating the city from autocratic rule. The documentary explores this pivotal moment in the Constitutional Movement, highlighting the bravery and strategic efforts of these figures. Pashang contributes as an expert, providing historical and analytical insights into the events, drawing on his expertise in Kurdish and Middle Eastern studies to contextualize the revolution’s significance in the region’s political history.[68][69]

Professional activities

Faratab News Agency

In 2014, Ardeshir Pashang founded the Faratab media outlet.[70][71] This platform, established in collaboration with a group of independent writers and journalists, focuses on producing analytical and critical content. Since its inception, Faratab has published over 13,000 reports, opinion pieces, articles, and interviews. Additionally, more than 560 independent contributors have published their work exclusively on the platform.[72]

Faratab Magazine, featuring Mazhar Khaleqi

Faratabs's Monthly Magazine

In 2019, Pashang published the first printed edition of Faratab, titled "Faratab Monthly," with a picture of Kurdish singer "Mazhar Khaleghi"[73][74] on the first cover. Abbas Vali,[75] Sadegh Zibakalam, Ghadir Nasri, Majid Saleh, and Nader Entesar were among the analysts of the first issue.

Journalism classes

Beyond its media operations, Faratab has been active in journalism and writing education.[76] It has organized 16 professional training courses[77] in journalism, writing, and branding, each comprising beginner, intermediate, and advanced levels. A total of 278 individuals have graduated from these programs, many of whom are now employed at prominent television, radio, and news agencies in Persian, Kurdish, and English languages. Ardeshir Pashang has been responsible for designing and teaching these courses.

Faratab has also collaborated with reputable educational and professional institutions, conducting joint programs with entities such as the University of Tehran, Kharazmi University, Tarbiat Modares University, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Razi University in Kermanshah, University of Zanjan, the Iran Chamber of Commerce, Hoor Institute, Rudaw Media, Soran University in the Kurdistan Region, the Center for Strategic Studies of the Middle East, the Iranian Association for West Asian Studies, and Saless Publishing.

Bibliography

Meeting and conversation between Ardeshir Pashang and President Nechirvan Barzani, leader of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, and the presentation of the book Kurds in the Midst of the Iran-Iraq War by Pashang to him.
  • *Kurds in the Midst of the Iran-Iraq War*, Ardeshir Pashang, Tehran: Marz-o-Bum Publications, January 2016. [78][6]
  • *Turkey: Past, Present, and Future*, Asadollah Athari, Ardeshir Pashang, et al. (collection of articles), Tehran: Center for Scientific Research and Middle East Strategic Studies, May 2015.[79]
  • *Encyclopedia of Contemporary Iraqi Figures and Families*, Sadegh Kharrazi, Ardeshir Pashang, et al., Tehran: Azam Publications, June 2013.[80]
  • *Middle East, Central Asia, and Caucasus 2012*, Seyed Salman Safavi, Ardeshir Pashang, et al. (collection of articles from the International Peace Studies Center), ed. Seyed Salman Safavi et al., September 2013.
  • *Middle East, Central Asia, and Caucasus 2011*, Seyed Salman Safavi, Ardeshir Pashang, et al. (collection of articles from the International Peace Studies Center), Qom: Salman and Azadeh Publications, September 2012.[81]
  • *Encyclopedia of Contemporary Iraqi Figures*, Sadegh Kharrazi, Ardeshir Pashang, et al., Tehran: Islamic Consultative Assembly Publishing Center, May 2011.
  • *Diplomacy: One Platform, Multiple Dreams: Persian Gulf 2010*, Seyed Salman Safavi, Ardeshir Pashang, et al. (collection of articles from the International Peace Studies Center), Qom: Salman and Azadeh Publications, December 2011.[82]
  • *Political Middle East and Caucasus 2010*, Seyed Salman Safavi, Ardeshir Pashang, et al. (collection of articles from the International Peace Studies Center), Qom: Salman and Azadeh Publications, April 2011.[83]
  • *Kermanshan*, Ardeshir Pashang (editor), Erbil (Iraq): Aras Publications, June 2009.[6]
  • *From Kermanshan to Barzan*, Ardeshir Pashang (editor), Erbil (Iraq): Aras Publications, May 2007.[84][85]

Selected publications

Filmography

Documentary[86]
Year Title Director / Production
2007 Agha Enayat Ehsan Akhavan
2011 Zayeleh Sahar TV
2017 Hevpeivin Rudaw Media Network
2019 From Mahabad Rudaw Media Network
2022 Sarpatiha Keyvan Mehregan

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "the biography of Kurdish-Iranian journalist "Ardeshir Pashang" on Faratab". Faratab News Agency. 13 December 2016. https://www.faratab.com/news/4962. 
  2. ↑ "Articles by Ardeshir Pashang, researcher on Kurdish and Iranian issues, on the official website of the "Center for Scientific Research and Strategic Studies of the Middle East"". 5 Mar 2024. https://www.cmess.ir/Page/Person/699/699. 
  3. ↑ "A review of the exclusive writings of "Ardeshir Pashang", senior researcher on Middle East issues for the Kurdish media outlet kfuture.media". 10 September 2024. https://kfuture.media/author/ardeshirpashang/. 
  4. ↑ "The danger of extremism and radicalism in the Middle East at the shafaqna roundtable with Ardeshir Pashang: ISIS is the product of Mossad's design, the Baathist organizational network, and the money of some Arabs/ The presence of dictators in the Middle East is a pain, and their departure is a greater pain!" (in fa-IR). 2016-02-01. https://fa.shafaqna.com/news/112374/. 
  5. ↑ "Ardeshir Pashang: The change in the stance of the Bahçeli and Erdoğan government is part of a planned scenario.". 4 January 2025. https://kurdistanbas.com/ku/news/9588. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 "Ardeshir Pashang at a Glance (Professional and Academic Resume)" (in fa-IR). 2016-12-13. https://www.faratab.com/news/4960/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1-%D9%BE%D8%B4%D9%86%DA%AF-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%DB%8C%DA%A9-%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87-%28%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%85%D9%87-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C%29. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Biography of Ardeshir Pashang" (in fa-IR). Ardeshir Pashang's Official Website. 2014-09-29. http://www.pashang.ir/news/27/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1-%D9%BE%D8%B4%D9%86%DA%AF. 
  8. ↑ "Who Was Agha Enayat Hedayati?" (in fa-IR). Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance. https://jvrd.farhang.gov.ir/fa/mashahir/agaenaiat. 
  9. ↑ "The Rule of Mohammad Beyg II (Vakil of Javanrud) Coinciding with the Kurdistan Republic in Mahabad". https://www.komarixwaz.com/fa/index.php/2011-10-20-08-16-42/181-2012-04-23-00-25-04. 
  10. ↑ "Vakil al-Molk Mansion in Sanandaj – Mohammad-rashid Beyg" (in fa). 2018-03-29. https://www.isna.ir/news/kordestan-36889/%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D9%88%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%DA%A9-%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%AC. 
  11. ↑ "A Review of the Late Agha Enayat Pavehi, a Legendary Figure of the Kurds" (in fa-IR). http://www.salampaveh.ir/46144/%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%85-%d8%a2%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%b9%d9%86%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%aa-%d9%be%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%87-%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%b3%db%8c%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%b3/. 
  12. ↑ "Works of Agha Enayat, Renowned Kurdish Poet and Fighter" (in fa). https://books.vejin.net/fa/book/21. 
  13. ↑ admin (2022-03-10). "Famous Kurdish Women - Jahan Ara Khanem" (in fa-IR). https://sorankurdistani.com/2022/03/10/famous-kurdish-women/. 
  14. ↑ "Unveiling of Jahan Ara Khanum (Pavehi)'s Divan" (in fa-IR). 2019-07-07. https://www.faratab.com/news/9291/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85-%28%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%29. 
  15. ↑ "Remembering Jahan Ara Khatun Pavehi, One of the Prominent Kurdish Figures" (in fa-IR). Paveh Press. http://www.pavehpress.ir/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%87-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%8C-%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%85/. 
  16. ↑ "Iraq's New Government Faces a More Restless and Protesting “Sadr”". 21 October 2022. https://www.isna.ir/news/1401072715238. 
  17. ↑ "Securing U.S. Forces in Iraq: The Core of Washington-Baghdad Negotiations!". 8 June 2020. https://www.isna.ir/news/99031911350. 
  18. ↑ "The Duality of Cooperation and Competition". 4 March 2020. https://www.qudsonline.ir/news/695304. 
  19. ↑ "A New “Last Supper” Banquet with Iran and Others as Guests: Iraq Seeks Diversity and Balance in Trade Relations". 13 July 2021. https://www.tahlilbazaar.com/news/98010. 
  20. ↑ "The Second Flag War Between Kurds and Arabs in Iraq". http://www.irdiplomacy.ir/fa/news/17054. 
  21. ↑ "Ardeshir Pashang: The Kurdistan Region of Iraq: A Threat or an Opportunity". Shargh Newspaper. https://www.sharghdaily.com/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-100/847442-%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85-%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AF-%DB%8C%D8%A7-%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B5%D8%AA. 
  22. ↑ "The Nuclear Last Supper with an Iranian Flavor". https://www.taadolnewspaper.ir/fa/news/24175. 
  23. ↑ "The Duality of Crisis and Hope in Six Hubs of Middle East Transformation". 5 February 2014. https://www.khabaronline.ir/news/336807. 
  24. ↑ "Syrian Kurds Pursue the Model of “Democratic Self-Management”". 9 March 2016. https://www.irna.ir/news/81996361. 
  25. ↑ "El acuerdo nuclear con Irán, más dañado que nunca y a la espera de Biden" (in es-US). 2021-01-15. https://es-us.noticias.yahoo.com/acuerdo-nuclear-ir%C3%A1n-da%C3%B1ado-espera-152750055.html. 
  26. ↑ "La disputa por el embargo de armas a Irán compromete aún más el pacto nuclear" (in es-US). 2020-05-08. https://es-us.noticias.yahoo.com/disputa-embargo-armas-ir%C3%A1n-compromete-125609022.html. 
  27. ↑ "La respuesta de Irán a EE.UU. no será precipitada y su blanco es aún incierto" (in es). 2020-01-04. https://www.lavanguardia.com/internacional/20200104/472695902580/la-respuesta-de-iran-a-eeuu-no-sera-precipitada-y-su-blanco-es-aun-incierto.html. 
  28. ↑ Aragón, Heraldo de (2019-07-21). "Irán juega su baza de potencia en el golfo Pérsico" (in es). https://www.heraldo.es/noticias/internacional/2019/07/21/iran-juega-su-baza-de-potencia-en-el-golfo-persico-1326440.html. 
  29. ↑ "Siete candidatos y un claro favorito en las presidenciales de Irán - Mundo - ABC Color" (in es). https://www.abc.com.py/internacionales/2021/06/14/siete-candidatos-y-un-claro-favorito-en-las-presidenciales-de-iran/. 
  30. ↑ "Corrida presidencial no Irã começa com conservador como favorito [26/05/2021"] (in pt-br). https://noticias.uol.com.br/ultimas-noticias/efe/2021/05/26/corrida-presidencial-no-ira-comeca-com-conservador-como-favorito.htm. 
  31. ↑ "Los intereses opuestos brotan en Irán ante las elecciones de EE.UU." (in es-ES). 2020-11-01. https://www.infobae.com/america/agencias/2020/11/01/los-intereses-opuestos-brotan-en-iran-ante-las-elecciones-de-eeuu/. 
  32. ↑ Rodríguez, Xavi (2019-07-25). "Posibles soluciones y riesgos de la crisis del estrecho de Ormuz con Irán | La República EC" (in es). https://www.larepublica.ec/blog/2019/07/25/posibles-soluciones-y-riesgos-de-la-crisis-del-estrecho-de-ormuz-con-iran/. 
  33. ↑ "An Exclusive Interview with Kurdish and Iranian Journalist Ardeshir Pashang on Iran-Israel Issues". Sputnik. https://spnfa.ir/20240416/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84-%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%86-%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%81-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%86%DB%8C-20348544.html. 
  34. ↑ "Archive of News and Key Events of 22.11.2018". https://spnfa.ir/20181122. 
  35. ↑ "Centralization or Decentralization: The Challenge of Unity in Multicultural Iran" (in fa). https://www.dw.com/fa-ir/%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B2%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%DB%8C%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B2%D8%B2%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4-%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%AA-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%DA%86%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C/a-72329092. 
  36. ↑ "The Trigger Mechanism: The Sword of Damocles Over Iran's Economy" (in fa). https://www.dw.com/fa-ir/%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85-%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%87-%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D8%B3%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/a-73276400. 
  37. ↑ "Instagram". https://www.instagram.com/p/DMGO9bcO5PI/?img_index=2. 
  38. ↑ swissinfo.ch, S. W. I. (2021-01-15). "El acuerdo nuclear con Irán, más dañado que nunca y a la espera de Biden" (in es). https://www.swissinfo.ch/spa/el-acuerdo-nuclear-con-ir%C3%A1n-m%C3%A1s-da%C3%B1ado-que-nunca-y-a-la-espera-de-biden/46290154. 
  39. ↑ "Tensions between Iran and Israel: In which direction are they heading?" (in ku). 2024-10-09. https://www.dengiamerika.com/a/7815655.html. 
  40. ↑ "dengiamerika VOA's special Interview with Dr. Ardeshir Pashang on Kurds futures" (in ku). 2020-04-23. https://www.dengiamerika.com/a/5388787.html. 
  41. ↑ Atalayar (2019-07-21). "Irán juega su baza de potencia en el golfo Pérsico" (in fr). https://www.atalayar.com/fr/articulo/politique/iran-juega-baza-potencia-golfo-persico/20190721195007165532.html. 
  42. ↑ Atalayar (2021-05-25). "Iranian presidential race kicks off with conservative Raisi as favourite" (in en). https://www.atalayar.com/en/articulo/politics/iranian-presidential-race-kicks-conservative-raisi-favourite/20210525184110151364.html. 
  43. ↑ Martínez, Bladimir (2019-05-08). "A Irán se le agota la paciencia" (in es). https://soynuevaprensadigital.com/npd/a-iran-se-le-agota-la-paciencia/. 
  44. ↑ "The effects of the Nuclear Deal on the US-Iran-UAE relations". 19 August 2022. https://unitedworldint.com/26338-the-effects-of-the-nuclear-deal-on-the-us-iran-uae-relations/. 
  45. ↑ "Ardeshir Pashang - United World International". https://uwidata.com/experts/ardeshir-pashang/. 
  46. ↑ "Ardeshir Pisheng: The diversity of mother tongues in Iran is an opportunity, not a threat/ Azar Taherabadi." (in en-US). https://www.peace-mark.org/en/conversation/166-15-2/. 
  47. ↑ Villén, Marina (2019-05-08). "A Irán se le agota la paciencia con el acuerdo nuclear y lanza un ultimátum" (in es). https://www.elconfidencial.com/mundo/2019-05-08/iran-acuerdo-nuclear-europa-estados-unidos_1989634/. 
  48. ↑ Rodríguez, Xavi (2019-07-25). "Posibles soluciones y riesgos de la crisis del estrecho de Ormuz con Irán | La República EC" (in es). https://www.larepublica.ec/blog/2019/07/25/posibles-soluciones-y-riesgos-de-la-crisis-del-estrecho-de-ormuz-con-iran/. 
  49. ↑ "La respuesta de Irán a EE.UU. no será precipitada y su blanco es aún incierto" (in es). 2020-01-04. https://www.lavanguardia.com/internacional/20200104/472695902580/la-respuesta-de-iran-a-eeuu-no-sera-precipitada-y-su-blanco-es-aun-incierto.html. 
  50. ↑ "Turkey's Resolve to Expand Regional Power: Is the Sultan Seeking New Territories?" (in fa). https://vista.ir/n/ecoiran-iiyn3. 
  51. ↑ iqna.ir. "Le Kurdistan irakien pour la Turquie, est une porte d'entrée vers les régions arabes d'Irak" (in fr). https://iqna.ir/fr/news/3472137/le-kurdistan-irakien-pour-la-turquie-est-une-porte-dentr%C3%A9e-vers-les-r%C3%A9gions-arabes-dirak. 
  52. ↑ "The Chief Editor of Faratab" (in fa-IR). https://www.faratab.com/blog/user/pashang. 
  53. ↑ "Information bank of Iranian publications: Ardeshir Pashang". https://www.magiran.com/author/profile/496720/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1-%D9%BE%D8%B4%D9%86%DA%AF. 
  54. ↑ "Agreement on Kirkuk Is Both Difficult and Unlikely – Tasnim" (in fa). https://www.tasnimnews.com/fa/news/1396/01/20/1373125/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%82-%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D8%B3%D8%B1-%DA%A9%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%A9-%D9%87%D9%85-%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%AA-%D9%88-%D9%87%D9%85-%D8%A8%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA. 
  55. ↑ International, United World (2022-08-19). "The effects of the Nuclear Deal on the US-Iran-UAE relations" (in en-US). https://unitedworldint.com/26338-the-effects-of-the-nuclear-deal-on-the-us-iran-uae-relations/. 
  56. ↑ "Yemeni dictator has worn out his welcome" (in en). 2011-06-10. https://en.mehrnews.com/news/46333/Yemeni-dictator-has-worn-out-his-welcome. 
  57. ↑ "The Twelfth Professional Workshop on Writing and Journalism Training (Beginner Level)" (in fa-IR). 2022-07-04. https://www.faratab.com/news/12187/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87-%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C-%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B4-%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C-%28%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%85-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%29. 
  58. ↑ "Ardeshir Pashang at the Erbil Forum annual event organized by Rudaw Research Center in the capital of the Kurdistan". 28 February 2025. https://x.com/RudawEnglish/status/1895400913306829244. 
  59. ↑ "Erbil Forum 2025, Ardeshir Pashang: Kurds have the right to demand independence.". https://www.rudaw.net/sorani/kurdistan/280220257. 
  60. ↑ Center, Rudaw Research. "Erbil Forum - 2025 - Ardeshir Pashang on Rudaw's Forum - The Third Day" (in en). https://rudawrc.net/en/forum/2025. 
  61. ↑ "Tehran Foreign Policy Studies Quarterly". https://tfpsq.net/fa/post.php?id=100. 
  62. ↑ "The Model of Pluralistic Order in Foreign Policy" (in fa). 2025-06-10. https://ecoiran.com/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C-107/60170-%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%AF%D9%88%DB%8C-%D9%86%D8%B8%D9%85-%D8%AA%DA%A9%D8%AB%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%DB%8C. 
  63. ↑ "International Relations Expert: Iranian Officials Are Inconsistent in Foreign Policy". https://www.rudaw.net/sorani/interview/05072022. 
  64. ↑ Kurdistan24 (2022-03-04). Ardeshir Pashang's Views and Analysis on the Russia-Ukraine War. Retrieved 2025-06-10 – via YouTube.
  65. ↑ "Is Iran Entering the Mineral Rivalry Game?" (in fa). 2025-06-10. https://ecoiran.com/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86-125/57905-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D9%85%DB%8C-%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%AF. 
  66. ↑ "Sarpatiha's Documentary: Ardeshir Pashang" (in fa). 2022-08-05. https://kurdpress.com/news/36560/%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B3%D8%B1-%D9%BE%D8%AA%DB%8C-%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1-%D9%BE%D8%B4%D9%86%DA%AF. 
  67. ↑ "Sarpatiha" (in fa). https://hamshahri.ir/movie/a0a4c4a0-5f9e-11ee-901e-f1721434921d. 
  68. ↑ "Screening of the documentary "Sarpatiha" on home entertainment network / How did the constitutional movement of Kermanshah take shape?" (in fa). 2023-08-04. https://www.ilna.ir/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF-%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1-6/1383455-%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4-%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%AF-%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%BE%D8%AA%DB%8C-%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B4%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%87-%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C-%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B4-%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%87-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87-%DA%86%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87-%D8%B4%DA%A9%D9%84-%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%AA. 
  69. ↑ "Unveiling of "Sarpatiha" on the anniversary of the issuance of the constitutional decree" (in fa). 2025-06-10. https://donya-e-eqtesad.com/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF-%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1-32/3887607-%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%BE%D8%AA%DB%8C-%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2-%D8%B5%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B7%DB%8C%D8%AA. 
  70. ↑ "the official website of Kurdish-Iranian news outlet "Faratab"". 29 January 2016. https://www.faratab.com/. 
  71. ↑ Gulan Media. "Dr. Ardeshir Pashang, Researcher and Expert in International Relations, to Gulan from Tehran: President Barzani Has a Significant Position and Role in Bringing Everyone Together in Syria and the Region, Rebuilding Trust through Dialogue" (in so). https://gulanmedia.com/so/story/334191. 
  72. ↑ "About Faratb" (in fa-IR). 10 April 2016. https://www.faratab.com/news/809/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87-%D9%85%D8%A7. 
  73. ↑ "Mazhar Khaleghi's Insightful Remarks on the Kurdish Faratab Monthly" (in fa-IR). 2021-08-03. https://www.faratab.com/news/11758/%D8%A7%D8%B8%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1-%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%B8%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87-%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8-%DA%A9%D9%8F%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C. 
  74. ↑ "Mazhar Khaleghi, Master of Kurdish Music: Shajarian Will Never Die" (in fa-IR). 2020-04-24. https://www.faratab.com/news/11355/%D9%85%D8%B8%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%B1%DA%AF-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%82%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D9%8F%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C%3A-%D8%B4%D8%AC%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%87%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B2-%D9%86%D9%85%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AF. 
  75. ↑ "Kurds and the High-Stakes Role in Turkey's Minimal Democracy!" (in fa-IR). 2021-10-25. https://www.faratab.com/news/11873/%DA%A9%D9%8F%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7-%D9%88-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C-%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%84%DB%8C-%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%87%21. 
  76. ↑ "Educational Workshops" (in fa-IR). https://www.faratab.com/category/187/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87-%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B4%DB%8C. 
  77. ↑ "Professional Workshop on Writing and Journalism Training" (in fa-IR). 2024-04-23. https://www.faratab.com/news/12397/14%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87-%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C-%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B4-%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C-%28%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%85-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%29. 
  78. ↑ "The Book "Kurds in the Midst of the Iran-Iraq War" Published" (in fa). 2016-02-20. https://www.irna.ir/news/81970871/%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87-%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88-%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%B1-%D8%B4%D8%AF. 
  79. ↑ "the book of: "Turkey: Past, Present, and Future"". https://ketab.ir/book/d251e09a-6137-44d7-b164-32b25cd4e686. 
  80. ↑ "Encyclopedia of Contemporary Iraqi Figures and Families". https://www.lib.ir/fa/book/99234140/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF-%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%84-%D9%88-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82/. 
  81. ↑ "Middle East, Central Asia, and Caucasus 2012" (in fa). http://www.irdiplomacy.ir/fa/news/1899648/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87-%D8%A2%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%B2%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2-2011. 
  82. ↑ "Diplomacy: One Platform, Multiple Dreams: Persian Gulf 2010" (in fa). 2016-02-23. https://www.khabaronline.ir/news/513182/%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8-%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87-%D8%AC%D9%86%DA%AF-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88-%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%DB%8C%DA%A9-%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87. 
  83. ↑ "Introducing the book "Political Middle East and Caucasus"" (in fa). 2017-10-17. https://www.farhangemrooz.com/print/51906/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88-%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%82%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C. 
  84. ↑ Karimi, Soraya (2021-12-16). "From Kermanshan to Barzan, the origin of ancient world civilizations | Cultural Magazine interview with Professor Hamzeh" (in fa-IR). https://zagrosecology.com/majala-farhangi-hamzehee-kermashn/. 
  85. ↑ "From Kermanshan to Barzan". https://x.com/ardeshirpashang/status/1904505505034244179. 
  86. ↑ "Ardeshir Pashang | Writer" (in en-US). https://www.imdb.com/name/nm11108816/. 

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