Biography:Dadu Dayal
Sant Dadu Dayal Ji | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Personal | |
| Born | 1544 Ahemdabad, Gujarat Sultanate |
| Died | 1603 |
| Religion | Hinduism |
| Sect | Sant Mat |
| Founder of | Dadu Panth |
| Philosophy | Bhakti |
| Religious career | |
| Guru | Bharmanand Ji, Budhan Bhagwan |
| Literary works | Dadu Anubhav Vani |
Sant Dadu Dayal (Devanagari: संत दादूदयाल जी, Saint Dādūdayāl, 1544–1603) was a poet-saint from Gujarat, India , a religious reformer who spoke against formalism and priestcraft.
Etymology
"Dadu" means brother, and "Dayal" means "the compassionate one".[2]
Early life
Dadu Dayal was born on 1544 in a Gaur Brahmin family of Ahmedabad city of Gujarat state (India).[3][1][4][5]
Teachings and legacy
Dadu Dayal was a spiritual man.[6] His work is known as Dadudayal ki Vani / Dadudayal -Ra Duha. He believed in God[7] because At the age of seven Kabir met him. After meeting with him, he uttered this speech:- Jin moku nij naam diya, soi Satguru hamaar | Dadu doosra koi nahin, Kabir Sirjanhaar |[8] His many compositions were to establish harmony between Hinduism and Islam.[9]
Dadu Dayal taught Ahimsa (non-violence) and vegetarianism.[10]
Dadupanth
Dadu Dayal later moved to Naraina, near Jaipur Rajasthan, where he gathered around himself a group of followers, forming a sect that became known as the Dadupanth.[11][1]
Dadupanthis are one of the 7 martial akharas of Vaishnavite sampradaya of Hindus.[12] Vaishnavism has following four major sects:[13]
- Sri founded by Ramananda, Dadupanthis are one of those 7 martial akharas of Vaishnavite in the sec of Ramanada
- Brahma founded by Madhava
- Ridra founded by Vishnusuvamin
- Sanakadi founded by Nimbarka.
Followers of Vaishnavism are also called Bairagi or Vairagi. Among the Bairagi, those who became part of the military akharas were organised in the 7 akharas founding dates of most of which are unclear. Each of the akhara accepted members from all 4 sects of vaishnavism. Bairagi military akharas generally did not follow the prohibition against eating meat or taking of narcotics.[13]
Dadu Anubhav Vani
Dadu's compositions in Braj language were recorded by his disciple Rajjab and are known as the Dadu Anubhav Vani, a compilation of 5,000 verses. Another disciple, Janagopal, wrote the earliest biography of Dadu.[11][14] Dadu alludes to spontaneous (sahaja) bless in his songs. Much of the imagery used is similar to that used by Kabir, and to that used by earlier Sahajiya Buddhists and Nath yogis. Dadu believed that devotion to God should transcend religious or sectarian affiliation, and that devotees should become non-sectarian or "Nipakh".[15] He has something to say about that:[16]
So kāfir jo bolai kāf; |
The infidel is one who tells a lie; |
Dadupanthi Thambas
Dadu had 100 disciples that attained samadhi. He instructed additional 52 disciples to set up ashrams, 'Thambas' around the region to spread the Lord's word.
Dadu ji spent the latter years of his life in Naraiana, a small distance away from the town of Dudu, near Jaipur city.[17]
Five thambas are considered sacred by the followers; Naraiana, Bhairanaji, Sambhar, Amer, and Karadala (Kalyanpura). Followers at these thambas later set up other places of worship.
Dadupanthi Martial Akharas
Armed martial akharas were first likely formed by the Dadupanthi Guru Jait Sahib (1693 - 1734 CE) when he recruited armed Naga sadhus. In 1733, Dadupanthis were tax paying farmers in Jaipur State and martial Naga Sadhus were employed to enforce the payment of taxes. In 1793, Dadupanthis and Jaipur State had an agreement under which Dadhupanthis provided 5000 armed soldier sadhus to defend the Jaipur State. During the 1857 rebellion, Dadupanthis acted as mercenaries who helped British raj.
Prominent Dadupanthis
Present status
Dadupanth has continued in Rajasthan to the present-day and has been a major source of early manuscripts containing songs by Dadu and other North Indian saints.[11]
See also
- Akhara
- Bhakti movement
- Sampradaya
- Vaishnavism sampradaya
- Shaivism sampradaya
- Dashanami Sampradaya, a sub-sampradaya of Shaivism
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Dadu Hindu saint at Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 31 December 2018.
- ↑ "Poet-saint Dadu Dayal". https://www.siddhayoga.org/poetry-of-saints/dadu-dayal.
- ↑ Khan, Aakib (in en). Complete Rajasthan GK (English). SI Publication. https://books.google.com/books?id=Q9sxEAAAQBAJ&q=Dadu.
- ↑ "Dadu Dayal | Bharatkosh" (in hi). https://m.bharatdiscovery.org/india/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2.
- ↑ Nindi Punj (in English). Dadu Panth Religious Change & Identity Formation In Jaipur State James Hastings M. ( Thesis). http://archive.org/details/DaduPanthReligiousChangeIdentityFormationInJaipurStateJamesHastingsM.Thesis.
- ↑ "Saint Dadu Dayal, the integrator" (in en). https://www.freepressjournal.in/mind-matters/saint-dadu-dayal-the-integrator.
- ↑ "Saint Dadu Dayal |" (in en-US). 2019-11-23. https://www.hinduscriptures.com/gurus/saints-from-east/saint-dadu-dayal/35593/.
- ↑ "Whom did God Kabir meet: Who has attained the Supreme God?" (in en-US). 2020-05-27. https://news.jagatgururampalji.org/whom-did-god-kabir-meet/.
- ↑ "दादू दयाल | भारतकोश" (in hi). https://m.bharatdiscovery.org/india/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2.
- ↑ Asfari, Amin. (2019). Civility, Nonviolent Resistance, and the New Struggle for Social Justice. Brill. p. 102. ISBN:978-9004417588
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Callew 1987, pp. 181–190.
- ↑ Dandekar 1987.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 David N. Lorenzen, 2006, Who Invented Hinduism: Essays on Religion in History , Yoda Press, p.51-65.
- ↑ Nayak 1996, p. 96.
- ↑ Dadu on Realisation at sahajayoga.org
- ↑ Upadhaya 1980, p. 10.
- ↑ "Temple Profile". https://devasthan.rajasthan.gov.in/images/Jaipur/DaduDwara.htm.
Sources
- Callew, Winand M. (1987). "Dadu and the Dadu-Panth: The Sources". The Sants: Studies in a Devotional Tradition of India. Berkeley Religious Studies Series. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 181–190. ISBN 978-81-208-0277-3. OCLC 925707272. https://books.google.com/books?id=OkKhOivXrhgC.
- Dandekar, R. N. (1987). "Vaiṣṇavism: An Overview". in Eliade, Mircea. The Encyclopedia of Religion. 14. New York: MacMillan. https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofre0000unse_v8f2.
- Lorenzen, David N. (1995). Bhakti Religion in North India: Community Identity and Political Action. New York: SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-2025-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=rpSxJg_ehnIC&pg=PA57.
- Nayak, Sujatha (1996). "Dadu Dayal". Poet-Saints of India. New Delhi: A Sterling Paperback. pp. 90–100. ISBN 81-207-1883-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=zMvlDsnEgRoC&pg=PA90.
- Sant Dadu Dayal: Encyclopaedia of Saints Series (Volume 25). Eds. Bakshi, S. R.; Mittra, Sangh (2002). New Delhi: Criterion Publications. ISBN:81-7938-029-7
- Upadhaya, K. N. (1980). Dadu the Compassionate Mystic. Punjab: Radha Soami Satsang Beas.
External links
- Short Notes on Dadu dayal ji
- Dadu Dayal at Kavita Kosh (Hindi)
- The Biography of Dadu Dayal
- Video of the celebration of Dadupanth in Naraina
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