Biography:Hazrat Ishaan (title)

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Short description: Imām of Naqshbandi Sufi Islam

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Hazrat Ishaan (Persian: حضرت ایشان‎; also transliterated as Hazrat Ishaan and Hasrat Eshan) is an aristocratic title held by the Imām of the House of Hazrat Ishaan (also known as Mirjanian in honor of Sayyid Mir Jan), who simultaneously is the spiritual and political supreme leader of the Naqshbandi Sufi Order and the Sayyids. All Hazrat Ishaans claim descent from Muhammad, last prophet of Islam, through Hasan al Askari, Sayyid Abdul Qadir Gilani and Bahauddin Naqshband.[1]

Title

According to Yasin Qasvari, a scholar of the Naqshbandi Sufi order, Hazrat Ishaan is an honorific title used by The Khan of Bokhara Abdullah Khan bin Iskander and Moghul Emperor Akbar to address Khwaja Khawand Mahmud (1563-1642), the contemporary supreme leader of the Naqshbandi Sufi Order. Qasvari and David William Damrel, Professor of Religious studies in South Carolina and Pluralism Project Affiliate at Harvard University furthermore mention that both monarchs were spiritual followers of Hazrat Ishaan, as it is believed that he saved Abdullah Khan II during an accident while hunting and prayed for Akbar to get a son.[2]

Hazrat is a common Pakistani, Iranian, and honorific Arabic title used to honour a person. It literally denotes and translates to "presence, appearance.

Scholars attending a programm about Hazrat Ishaan I at 92 News mention that "Ishaan" is derived from the persian term "Shaan" meaning exalted, holy or blessed by God.[3]

Thus Hazrat Ishaan is to be translated as "One with the exalted Presence". One reason why their followers called Khawand Mahmud in this manner 400 years ago is in reliance to his ancestor Abdul Qadir Gillani´s teaching of the eternal pre-existence of Muhammad´s light as the ultimate mediator between God and creation in his book Sirr ul Asrar.[4] They thus claim that everywhere the Hazrat Ishaan is, Muhammad´s light is most "concentrated". Thus also the current surname Dakik (Persian: concentrated).[5]

  • Shrine of the 11th Imam Hasan al Askari, ancestor of the Hazrat Ishaans, 23 generations to Sayyid Khawand Mahmud

  • Shrine of Sayyid Ali Akbar ibn Hasan al Askari, grandpatriarch of the Hazrat Ishaans, 22 generations to The Hazrat Ishaan Muazzama

  • shrine of Sayyid Abdul Qadir Gillani, ancestor in the 13th generation to Sayyid Khawand Mahmud

  • shrine of Sayyid Bahauddin Naqshband, grandpatriarch with 7 generations to The Hazrat Ishaan Muazzama

  • Ziyarat Hazrat Ishaan in Srinagar

  • Ziyarat Hazrat Ishaan in Lahore

History

When Hazrat Ishaan I migrated to Kashmir, he was welcomed as their spiritual patron saint, supported by the Moghul emperors. Until today his descendants are highly esteemed in the Ziyarat Naqshband Saheb. After a Shiite rebellion against Hazrat Ishaan, he was evacuated by Shah Jahan to migrate to Lahore. There Shah Jahan has constructed a palace for him, which is his present Mausoleum in Begumpura.[6]

As Mughal Royals, the Hazrat Ishaans to whom especially Abdussamad Khan and his son Zakariyya Khan Bahadur belonged were the viceroys of Lahore.[7]

In regards to his popularity in the Moghul court, Khwaja Khawand Mahmud Hazrat Ishaan´s I son Sayyid Moinuddin Hadi Naqshband married the daughter of Emperor Jahangir, bestowing royalty on him. Sayyid Moinuddin´s grandson in turn also married the daughter of Aurangzeb. Hazrat Ishaan Sayyid Mir Muhammad Jan then married a Pashtun princess, descending from Shah Ashraf Hotak, whose daughter Sayyida Rahima married the Pathan Musahiban Prince Abdul Khalek Khan, who was a pioneer of Natural Science of the Pashtun people, becoming the permanent Ambassador of the Kingdom of Afghanistan to the United Nation, cousin and right hand person of Prince Muhammad Daoud Khan, both descending from the Afghan King Sultan Muhammad Khan. The Pashtun Musahiban royal family was known for their loyality to Sayyid Mir Jan. Members of the former royal Pashtun royal family are buried in the Mausoleum of Hazrat Ishaan in Begumpura.[8]

  • H.I.M. Emperor Jahangir of the Mughal Empire was a dedicated follower of his grandmaster the Hazrat Ishaan Muazzama. He believed that he was born through the prayers of Hazrat Ishaan Muazzama and gave his daughter in marriage to his son Hazrat Ishaan Sayyid Moinuddin Hadi Naqshband. Thus he is also an ancestor of the next Hazrat Ishaans after him.

  • H.M. Emperor Aurangzeb of the Mughal Empire, Follower and ancestor of the current Hazrat Ishaans. Aurangzeb gave his daughter in marriage to Hazrat Ishaan Sayyid Nizamuddin.

  • The Hazrat Ishaans were traditional viceroys of Lahore. H.I.H. Abd al-Samad Khan, Hazrat Ishaan and viceroy of Lahore, received by his relative Jahandar Shah

  • H.I.M. Shah Ashraf Hotak, Emperor of Persia Follower and ancestor of the Hazrat Ishaans. Hazrat Ishaan Sayyid Mir Muhammad Jan married a Pashtun tribal princess descending from Shah Ashraf Hotaki

  • H.I.M. Sultan Abdulhamit II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire followed his grandmaster Hazrat Ishaan Sayyid Mir Fazlullah Agha and invited him to become Grand Mufti of Constantinople.

  • HRH Prince Dr. Abdul Khaliq Khan, Prince of Afghanistan, grandson in law of Sayyid Mir Fazlullah Agha and grandfather of the current Hazrat Ishaans in the UN General assembly in New York City

  • H.R.H. Prince Mohammed Daoud Khan, Prince of Afghanistan, President of Afghanistan and relative of the Hazrat Ishaans with US President Gerald Ford

Foundation of the State of Pakistan

Sayyid Mir Jan, the contemporary head of the family of Hazrat Ishaan in the 19th century, reactivated the social influence of the Hazrat Ishaans after the collapse of the Mughal Empire. He together with his siblings was known for his humanitarian initiatives. On the occasion of the influence of his family and his disciples on the British Indian and Pashtun Royal administration he was regarded by many sources as the most powerful contemporary Sufi Saint in British India.[9]

After the demise of Sayyid Mir Jan in year 1901, many followers of him, like Muhammad Iqbal joined and essentially influences the All-India Muslim League as senior leaders close to Muhammad Ali Jinnah and thus were central in creating the Pakistan through political and military measures.[10] Muhammad Iqbal for instance was known for his interest in Persian language and culture, which Sayyid Mir Jan promoted in Punjab.[11] Muhammad Iqbal´s affiliation to Hazrat Ishaan is furthermore on the occasion of his ancestors coming from Kashmir, where the Hazrat Ishaan Sayyid Moinuddin Hadi Naqshband and his descendants are regarded as patron saints.[12] Supreme Judge Javed Iqbal, the son of late Muhammad Iqbal is buried in the mausoleum of the Hazrat Ishaans in Begumpura and is next to other Sufi politicians known to be a popular follower of the Hazrat Ishaan, especially as followers of Sayyid Mir Jan.[13]

  • Allama Iqbal, Mureed (follower) of the Hazrat Ishaans, especially Sayyid Mir Jan

  • All India Muslim League Working Committee Lahore 1940

  • Senior Justice of the Pakistani Supreme Court Javid Iqbal, follower of the Hazrat Ishaans, buried in Begampura

Line of Prediction

The Hazrat Ishaans and their followers the Naqshbandis substantiate their leadership as rightful successors of Prophet Muhammad on the occasion of a certain line of prediction from Muhammad over leading Saints, so called Ghaus or Aqtab reaching Sayyid Mir Jan as the promised Khwaja-e-Khwajagan-Jahan, meaning "Khwaja of all Khwajas of the world".[14]

  • Muhammad predicted the coming of his descendant the Muhammad al-Baqir[15]
  • Muhammad Baqir predicted the coming of his descendant Ali, the Ridha men Ahlul bayt[16]
  • Ali al-Ridha predicted the coming of his descendant Muhammad al Mahdi, the Qaim[17]
  • Muhammad al Mahdi and his father Hasan al Askari predicted the coming of the Abdul Qadir, the Mohyuddin, "reviver of faith"[18][19]
  • Abdul Qadir Gilani predicted the coming of his descendant Bahauddin, the Naqshband[20][21][22][23]
  • Bahauddin predicted the coming of his descendant Khawand Mahmud, the Hazrat Ishaan; Damrel highlights that the followers believe in the resurrection of Bahauddin (Persian:"Az Qabar Bar Amadah")[24] in year 1598, proclaiming the succession of his descendant Mahmud.[25][26]
  • Hazrat Ishaan and his family predicted the coming of Sayyid Mir Jan, the Khwaja of all Khwajas; Qasvari in a same manner describes the belief of the resurrection of Mahmud in the end of the 19th century, proclaiming Sayyid Mir Jan as successor and promised "Khwaja of all Khwajas".[27][28][29]

Surname Dakik/Sadaat

In pride of:

  • the line of prediction
  • their relation to Sayyid Mir Jan
  • their closest genetical lineage to Prophet Muhammad in the 32nd Generation
  • The Alledged possession of Zulfiqar and the prayer chains of Abraham
  • The mystical believe of Muhammad´s light being most concentrated on them

The Hazrat Ishaans today have chosen the surname Dakik(Persian: "concentrated") and Sadaat (abbreviation of "Sayyid ul Sadaat"), claiming that their bloodline is the purest to their ancestor Muhammad and that they rightfully succeed him, spiritually and socially.[30]

Current influence

Supreme leaders of Naqshbandi Sufi Order

The Hazrat Ishaans are currently considered as heads of the Naqshbandi Sufi Order in regards to their bloodline to Sayyid Bahauddin Naqshband.[31][32]

Lobbyism and diplomatic activities

They are acting as Lobbyists advising governments worldwide on the occasion of current political topics. Furthermore they are advising states in their development through international aid initiatives and diplomatic rapprochement. One such example is the contribution of the development of the renewable energy infrastructure in the GCC countries. The Hazrat Ishaans have followers worldwide and are regarded as a philanthropic and diplomatic bridge between developed and developing countries.[33][34][35]

Supreme Leaders of the Qadiri Sufi Order

The Hazrat Ishaans also claim the leadership of the Qadiri Sufi Order, as representative descendants of Sayyid Abdul Razzaq Gilani, son of the founder of the order Sayyid Abdul Qadir Gilani. One of the most well known descendants of Sayyid Abdul Razzaq Gillani was Sayyid Bahauddin Naqshband, whose mother Sayyida Arifa descended from Abdul Razzaq in a matrilineal line. Through his mother Bahauddin was crucially influenced by his ancestor´s teachings, which is the reason why Bahauddin´s descendants today the Hazrat Ishaans claim to also lead the Qadiri Sufi Order as spiritual successors of their ancestor Abdul Razzaq through their patriarch Bahauddin. The current Hazrat Ishaans hold the point of view that all orders are part of the Qadiriyya as a mother order and since the Naqshbandiyya is regarded as the so called "peacook order" in their point of view, they also claim to lead the Qaidiri Sufi Order.[36][37][38]

Princely title

The title Prince is used in Sunni Islam for the Hazrat Ishaans, who are leading the Naqshbandi Sufi order as blood descendants of their grandpatriarch Sayyid Bahauddin Naqshband. The title "Shahzada", "Amir", "Mir" and "Sardar" are all translated as Prince and are until today used to address the Hazrat Ishaans in regards to their relations to the Mughal and Pashtun royal family and to pay tribute to their responsibility of leading the Naqshbandi Sufi Order. It is until today used as a strengthened custom that survived the abolishment of the Afghan monarchy on the occasion of the Soviet Invasion in Afghanistan.[39][40]

List of Hazrat Ishaans

  • Hazrat Ishaan I: H.M. Khwaja Khawand Mahmud (1563-1642)
  • Hazrat Ishaan II: H.I.H. Prince Sayyid Moinuddin (d. 1674), son of H.H. Khwaja Khawand Mahmud
  • Hazrat Ishaan III: H.I.H. Prince Sayyid Nizamuddin, grandson of H.I.H. Prince Sayyid Moinuddin
  • Hazrat Ishaan IV: H.I.H. Prince Sayyid Nooruddin (1675-1743)
  • Hazrat Ishaan V: H.I.H. Prince Sayyid Kamaluddin (d.1774)
  • Hazrat Ishaan VI: H.I.H. Prince Sayyid Mohyuddin
  • Hazrat Ishaan VII: H.H. Sayyid Hasan ibn Azimullah
  • Hazrat Ishaan VIII: H.H. Shah Sayyid Mir Jan (1800-1901)
  • Hazrat Ishaan IX: H.H. Prince Mir Sayyid Mahmud Agha
  • Hazrat Ishaan X: H.H. Princess Amira Sayyida Siddiqa (-1914)
  • Hazrat Ishaan XI: H.H. Prince Sayyid Mir Fazlullah Agha
  • Hazrat Ishaan XII: H.H. Prince Sayyid Mir Muhammad Jan (1900-1955)
  • Hazrat Ishaan XIII: H.H. Princess Amira Sayyida Rahima Dakik (2006)
  • Hazrat Ishaan XIV: H.E. Prince Sayyid Raphael Dakik (b. 1998, grandson of Hazrat Ishaan XII)

List of notable Princes

  • H.M. Khwaja Khawand Aftab, older brother of H.M. Khwaja Khawand Mahmud
  • H.I.H. Tajuddin Hussein Naqshband, 1st born son of H.M. Khwaja Khawand Mahmud
  • H.I.H. Khwaja Khawand Muhammad, son of H.H. Khwaja Khawand Mahmud
  • H.I.H. Khwaja Khawand Ahmad, son of H.H. Khwaja Khawand Mahmud
  • H.I.H. Prince Abdus Samad Khan, Mughal Prince, Saint and viceroy of Lahore
  • H.I.H. Prince Zakariyya Khan Bahadur, Viceroy of Lahore
  • H.E. Prince Sayyid Mustafa Sadat (b. 1976)

  • Graves of the three Hazrat Ishaans in Lahore Sayyid Khawand Mahmud, Sayyid Mir Jan and Sayyid Mahmud Agha

  • Grave of H.I.H. Hazrat Ishaan Prince Sayyid Moinuddin Hadi Naqshband, Prince of the Mughal Empire

  • H.H. Hazrat Ishaan XIV Prince Sayyid Raphael Dakik, eldest son of H.H. Hazrat Ishaan Sayyid Sultan Masood Dakik

See also

  • Naqshbandiyya
  • Hazrat Ishaan
  • Sayyid Moinuddin Hadi Naqshband
  • Sayyid Mir Jan
  • Naqshbandi Golden Chain
  • Sufism
  • Barakzai dynasty
  • Moghul Empire

References

  1. ↑ "Shajara-e-nasab lineages of descendants of Imam Hasan al-Askari r.a.-Shajara.org" (in en). https://shajara.org/2020/06/29/1426/. 
  2. ↑ David Damrel, Forgotten Grace: Khwaja Khawand Mahmud in Central Asia and Moghul India
  3. ↑ Subh E Noor, Programm 19th Jan 2019, 92NewsHD; recorded and published on YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g1RvArLDLck
  4. ↑ Sayyid abdul Qadir Gillani in Sirr ul Asrar, Introuction paragraph 4 https://data.nur.nu/Kutub/English/Jilani_Sirr-al-Asrar-1---5.pdf
  5. ↑ Prince Sayyid Raphael Dakik in Farman ul Ishaaniyya, Farman No. 5
  6. ↑ Subh E Noor, Programm 19th Jan 2019, 92NewsHD; recorded and published on YouTube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g1RvArLDLck
  7. ↑ Damrel in Forgotten Grace, p. 275 ff.
  8. ↑ Tazkare Khwanadane Hazrat Eshan(genealogy of the family of Hazrat Eshan)(by author and investigator:Muhammad Yasin Qasvari Naqshbandi company:Edara Talimat Naqshbandiyya Lahore)
  9. ↑ Tazkare Khwanadane Hazrat Eshan(genealogy of the family of Hazrat Eshan)(by author and investigator:Muhammad Yasin Qasvari Naqshbandi company:Edara Talimat Naqshbandiyya Lahore)
  10. ↑ Tazkare Khwanadane Hazrat Eshan(genealogy of the family of Hazrat Eshan)(by author and investigator:Muhammad Yasin Qasvari Naqshbandi company:Edara Talimat Naqshbandiyya Lahore)
  11. ↑ Sharif, Imran (21 April 2011). "Allama Iqbal's 73rd death anniversary observed with reverence". Pakistan Today. Retrieved 6 August 2012.
  12. ↑ Sevea, Iqbal Singh (2012). The Political Philosophy of Muhammad Iqbal: Islam and Nationalism in Late Colonial India. Cambridge University Press. p. 16. ISBN:978-1-139-53639-4.
  13. ↑ Funeral Prayer Of Justice (retd) Javed Iqbal Offered, Dawn news, https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x38hv3z
  14. ↑ Tazkare Khwanadane Hazrat Eshan(Stammesverzeichnis der Hazrat Ishaan Kaste)(verfasst und geschriben von: Yasin Qasvari Naqshbandi Verlag: Talimat Naqshbandiyya in Lahore), p. 281
  15. ↑ https://www.al-islam.org/story-holy-kaaba-and-its-people-smr-shabbar/fifth-imam-muhammad-ibn-ali-al-baqir; Muhammad ordered Jabir bin Abdullah to say salams to Muhammad Baqir, the Imam of time
  16. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AzqX5xH-sSw ; "people they were always asking for the appeareance of al-Ridha (yad´ un al Ridha min Ale Muhammad)"(4:55)
  17. ↑ Günther/Lawson in Roads to Paradise: Eschatology and Concepts of the Hereafter in Islam, p. 623 f.
  18. ↑ https://www.sufiwiki.com/Abdul_Qadir_Jilani
  19. ↑ Skeikh Abu Muhammad in Kitab Makhzaanul Qadiriyya
  20. ↑ https://sunnirazvi.net/qadiri/masters/naqshband.htm
  21. ↑ http://www.sufi.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/TheMajestyofHazrathGhauseAzamAndTheGloryOfTheQadiriaSufiOrder-.pdf, p. 15
  22. ↑ Imam Abu‟l Hasan „Ali ash-Shattanawfi Nuruddin Alli Ibn Jaleel in Bahjat al Asrar
  23. ↑ Shaykh Muhammad ibn Yahya al-Tadifi al-Hanbali in Qalaid Jawahir
  24. ↑ David Damrel in Forgotten grace: Khwaja Khawand Mahmud Naqshbandi in Central Asia and Mughal India, p. 67, l.
  25. ↑ David Damrel in Forgotten grace: Khwaja Khawand Mahmud Naqshbandi in Central Asia and Mughal India, p. 67
  26. ↑ Moinuddin Hadi Naqshband in maqamat al Mahmudiyya, p. 197
  27. ↑ Khatme Ziarate Sharife hazrat eshan Bukhari(written and investigated by Mian Ahmad Bader Akhlaq(BSC)) printed the second time in 1988 Writer and inspector Mian Muhammad Hasan Akhlaq(M.Km) 1988 company: Koperatis Lahorin
  28. ↑ Tazkare Khwanadane Hazrat Eshan(genealogy of the family of Hazrat Eshan)(by author and investigator:Muhammad Yasin Qasvari Naqshbandi company:Edara Talimat Naqshbandiyya Lahore)
  29. ↑ Tariq Jamil Gillani in Zikr Jameel
  30. ↑ Prince Sayyid Raphael Dakik in Farman ul Ishaaniyya, Farman No. 5
  31. ↑ Damrel in Forgotten Grace, p. 273
  32. ↑ Jörg Niemeier in Parallelgesellschaften und die Zukunft (Parallel societies and the future), published in Bornheim, ISBN:978-3-7418-2840-9
  33. ↑ Damrel in Forgotten Grace, p. 273
  34. ↑ Jörg Niemeier in Parallelgesellschaften und die Zukunft (Parallel societies and the future), published in Bornheim, ISBN:978-3-7418-2840-9
  35. ↑ https://www.uni-hohenheim.de/pressemitteilung?&tx_ttnews[tt_news]=27426&cHash=5c16a692f64cb108a88cb6b3ef5429cb
  36. ↑ Tazkare Khwanadane Hazrat Eshan(genealogy of the family of Hazrat Eshan)(by author and investigator:Muhammad Yasin Qasvari Naqshbandi company:Edara Talimat Naqshbandiyya Lahore)
  37. ↑ Khatme Ziarate Sharife hazrat eshan Bukhari(written and investigated by Mian Ahmad Bader Akhlaq(BSC)) printed the second time in 1988 Writer and inspector Mian Muhammad Hasan Akhlaq(M.Km) 1988 company: Koperatis Lahorin
  38. ↑ Prince Sayyid Raphael Dakik in Dastoor Jalwah, Book Baath Sayadat, chapter The Qadiriyya Sufi Order
  39. ↑ Subh E Noor, Programm 19th Jan 2019, 92NewsHD; recorded and published on YouTube
  40. ↑ Tazkare Khwanadane Hazrat Eshan(genealogy of the family of Hazrat Eshan)(by author and investigator:Muhammad Yasin Qasvari Naqshbandi company:Edara Talimat Naqshbandiyya Lahore)

Further reading

  • David Damrel, Forgotten Grace: Khwaja Khawand Mahmud in Central Asia and Moghul India; Duke University. ProQuest 303945507
  • Historic sources issued by Moinuddin Hadi Naqshband, on which David Damrel refers to in his dissertation:
    • David Damrel, Forgotten Grace: Khwaja Khawand Mahmud in Central Asia and Moghul India, page xi
  • 1. Ganj Sadat
  • 2. Kanz ul Saadat
  • 3. Maqamat ul Mahmudiya
  • Mian Akhlaq Ahmad in Genealogical archive of the House of Hazrat Ishaan, investigated by Naqshbandi Scholar Muhammad Yasin Qasvari. David Damrel refers to this book by the name "Tazkirat Hazrat Ishaan". ProQuest 303945507




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