Biography:Laurence Chisholm Young
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Laurence Chisholm Young | |
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| File:Cairns Daniell Young Stouffer Mitchell Stouffer Kenedy Zurich1932.tif L. Ch. Young (standing right) at the ICM 1932 | |
| Born | July 14, 1905 Göttingen |
| Died | December 24, 2000 (aged 95) Madison, Wisconsin |
| Alma mater | Cambridge University |
| Known for | Calculus of variations, real analysis |
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| Scientific career | |
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| Doctoral students | Wendell Fleming |
Laurence Chisholm Young (14 July 1905 – 24 December 2000) was a British mathematician known for his contributions to measure theory, the calculus of variations, optimal control theory, and potential theory. He was the son of William Henry Young and Grace Chisholm Young, both prominent mathematicians. He moved to the US in 1949 but never sought American citizenship.
The concept of Young measure is named after him: he also introduced the concept of the generalized curve[1] and a concept of generalized surface[2] which later evolved in the concept of varifold.[3][4] The Young integral also is named after him and has now been generalised in the theory of rough paths.[5]
Life and academic career
Laurence Chisholm Young was born in Göttingen,[6] the fifth of the six children of William Henry Young and Grace Chisholm Young.[7] He held positions of Professor at the University of Cape Town, South Africa, and at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He was also a chess grandmaster.[8]
Selected publications
Books
- Young, L. C. (1927), The Theory of Integration, Cambridge Tracts in Mathematics and Mathematical Physics, 21, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. viii + 53, https://archive.org/details/theoryofintegrat032534mbp, available from the Internet archive.
- Young, L. C. (1969), Lectures on the Calculus of Variations and Optimal Control, Philadelphia–London–Toronto: W. B. Saunders, pp. xi+331, ISBN 9780721696409, https://books.google.com/books?id=YQpRAAAAMAAJ.
- Young, Laurence (1981), Mathematicians and their times. History of mathematics and mathematics of history, North-Holland Mathematics Studies, 48 / Notas de Matemática [Mathematical Notes], 76, Amsterdam–New York: North-Holland Publishing Co., pp. x+344, ISBN 978-0-444-86135-1, https://books.google.com/books?id=NWKc7mYOBhUC&pg=PP1.
Papers
- Young, L. C. (1936), "An inequality of the Hölder type, connected with Stieltjes integration", Acta Mathematica 67 (1): 251–282, doi:10.1007/bf02401743.
- Young, L. C. (1937), "Generalized curves and the existence of an attained absolute minimum in the Calculus of Variations", Comptes Rendus des Séances de la Société des Sciences et des Lettres de Varsovie, Classe III XXX (7–9): 211–234, http://rcin.org.pl/dlibra/editions-content?id=69114, memoir presented by Stanisław Saks at the session of 16 December 1937 of the Warsaw Society of Sciences and Letters. The free PDF copy is made available by the RCIN –Digital Repository of the Scientifics Institutes.
- Young, L. C. (January 1942), "Generalized Surfaces in the Calculus of Variations", Annals of Mathematics, Second Series 43 (1): 84–103, doi:10.2307/1968882.
- Young, L. C. (July 1942a), "Generalized Surfaces in the Calculus of Variations. II", Annals of Mathematics, Second Series 43 (3): 530–544, doi:10.2307/1968809.
- Young, L. C. (1951), "Surfaces parametriques generalisees", Bulletin de la Société Mathématique de France 79: 59–84, doi:10.24033/bsmf.1419.
- {{Citation
|last = Young |first = L. C. |title = A variational algorithm |language = |journal = Rivista di Matematica della Università di Parma |series = (1) |volume = 5 |pages = 255–268 |year = 1954 |url = http://rivista.math.unipr.it/fulltext/1954-5/1954-5-268.pdf |id = |mr = 81437 |zbl = 0059.09605
- Young, L. C. (1959), "Partial area – I", Rivista di Matematica della Università di Parma, (1) 10: 103–113, http://rivista.math.unipr.it/fulltext/1959-10/1959-10-103.pdf.
- Young, L. C. (1959a), "Partial area. Part. II: Contours on hypersurfaces", Rivista di Matematica della Università di Parma, (1) 10: 171–182, http://rivista.math.unipr.it/fulltext/1959-10/1959-10-171.pdf.
- Young, L. C. (1959b), "Partial area. Part III: Symmetrization and the isoperimetric and least area problems", Rivista di Matematica della Università di Parma, (1) 10: 257–263, http://rivista.math.unipr.it/fulltext/1959-10/1959-10-257.pdf.
- Young, Laurence C. (1989), "Remarks and personal reminiscences", in Roxin, Emilio O., Modern optimal control: a conference in honor of Solomon Lefschetz and Joseph P. LaSalle, Lecture Notes in Pure and Applied Mathematics, 119, New York: Marcel Dekker, pp. 421–433, ISBN 9780824781682, https://books.google.com/books?id=-ejQW0mFf00C.
See also
- Bounded variation
- Caccioppoli set
- Measure theory
- Varifold
Notes
- ↑ (Young 1937).
- ↑ (Young 1951).
- ↑ In his commemorative papers describing the research of Almgren, Brian White (1997, p.1452, footnote 1, 1998, p.682, footnote 1) writes that these are "essentially the same class of surfaces". He notes also that Young himself used the same term in a somewhat different context i.e. in (L. C. Young 1942, 1942a).
- ↑ See also the 2015 unpublished essay of his pupil Wendell Fleming.
- ↑ (Young 1936).
- ↑ (Turner Rabinowitz).
- ↑ (Fleming Wiegand).
- ↑ Grace Chisholm Young at Biographies of Women Mathematicians
References
Biographical and general references
- Fleming, Wendell H.; Wiegand, Sylvia M. (2004), "Laurence Chisholm Young (1905-2000)", Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society 36 (3): 413–424, doi:10.1112/S0024609303002959
- Aubin, Jean–Pierre (1985), "Eloge du Professeur L. C. Young, Docteur Honoris Causa de l'Université Paris-Dauphine" (in French), Gazette des Mathématiciens No. 27: 98–112, including a reply by L. C. Young himself (pages 109–112).
- Turner, Robert; Rabinowitz, Paul; Rudin, Mary Ellen (5 March 2001), On the death of Professor Emeritus Laurence Chisholm Young, Memorial Resolution of the Faculty of the University of Wisconsin Madison, Faculty Document 1554, pp. 1, https://www.secfac.wisc.edu/senate/2001/0305/1554(mem_res).pdf, retrieved 5 July 2015.
Scientific references
- Màlek, Josef; Nečas, Jindřich; Rokyta, Mirko; Růžička, Michael (1996), Weak and measure-valued solutions to evolutionary PDEs, Applied Mathematics and Mathematical Computation, 13, London–Weinheim–New York–Tokyo–Melbourne–Madras: Chapman & Hall/CRC Press, pp. xii+317, ISBN 978-0-412-57750-5, https://books.google.com/books?id=30_PBBzwSfAC&q=Weak+and+measure-valued+solutions+to+evolutionary+PDEs. One of the most complete monographs on the theory of Young measures, strongly oriented to applications in continuum mechanics of fluids.
- Roubicek, Tomas (2020), Relaxation in optimization theory and variational calculus (2nd edition), Berlin: De Gruyter, ISBN 978-3-11-0589740, https://www.degruyter.com/document/isbn/9783110590852/html. A thorough scrutiny of Young measures and their various generalization is in Chapter 3 from the perspective of convex compactifications.
- White, Brian (1997), "The Mathematics of F. J. Almgren Jr.", Notices of the American Mathematical Society 44 (11): 1451–1456, ISSN 0002-9920, https://www.ams.org/notices/199711/index.html.
- White, Brian (1998), "The mathematics of F. J. Almgren, Jr.", The Journal of Geometric Analysis 8 (5): 681–702, doi:10.1007/BF02922665, ISSN 1050-6926. An extended version of (White 1997) with a list of Almgren's publications.
External links
- O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Laurence Chisholm Young", MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, University of St Andrews, http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Young_Laurence.html.
- Obituary on University of Wisconsin web site
- Laurence Chisholm Young at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
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