Biography:Otto Berg (scientist)
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Otto Berg (23 November 1873 – 1939) was a German scientist. He is one of the scientists credited with discovering rhenium, the last element to be discovered having a stable isotope.
Rhenium
In 1925 in Germany, Walter Noddack, Ida Tacke, and Otto Berg reported that they detected the element in platinum ore and in the mineral columbite. They also found rhenium in gadolinite and molybdenite.[1] In 1928 they were able to extract 1 gram of the element by processing 660 kg of molybdenite. In 2020 a memorial medal of the discovery was issued by ISTR (art-designer: Igor Petrov).[2] [3]
Technetium
The same team was also involved in the claimed discovery of technetium. They reported the discovery of element 75 and element 43 in 1925 and named element 43 masurium (after Masuria in eastern Prussia, now in Poland , the region where Walter Noddack's family originated).[4] The group bombarded columbite with a beam of electrons and deduced element 43 was present by examining X-ray diffraction spectrograms. The wavelength of the X-rays produced is related to the atomic number by a formula derived by Henry Moseley in 1913. The team claimed to detect a faint X-ray signal at a wavelength produced by element 43. Contemporary experimenters could not replicate the discovery, and it was dismissed as an error for many years.[5][6] Some more recent attempts have been made to rehabilitate the Noddacks' claims, but they are disproved by Paul Kuroda's study on the amount of technetium that could have been present in the ores they studied: it could not have exceeded 3 × 10−11 μg/kg of ore, and thus would have been undetectable by the Noddacks' methods.[7][8] Discovery of element 43 was finally confirmed by a 1937 experiment in Sicily.
References
- ↑ Noddack, W.; Tacke, I.; Berg, O (1925). "Die Ekamangane". Naturwissenschaften 13 (26): 567–574. doi:10.1007/BF01558746. Bibcode: 1925NW.....13..567..
- ↑ https://www.pinterest.ru/pin/747879081861611384/.
- ↑ J. Noddack, W.; Noddack, W. (1929). "Die Herstellung von einem Gram Rhenium" (in de). Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie 183 (1): 353–375. doi:10.1002/zaac.19291830126.
- ↑ Elentymolgy and Elements Multidict, "Technetium"
- ↑ Armstrong, John T. (2003). "Technetium". Chemical & Engineering News. http://pubs.acs.org/cen/80th/technetium.html.
- ↑ Nies, Kevin A. "Ida Tacke and the warfare behind the discovery of fission" (2001).
- ↑ Eric Scerri, A tale of seven elements, (Oxford University Press 2013) ISBN:978-0-19-539131-2, pp. 109–114, 125–131
- ↑ Habashi, Fathi (2006). "The History of Element 43—Technetium". Journal of Chemical Education 83 (2): 213. doi:10.1021/ed083p213.1. Bibcode: 2006JChEd..83..213H. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ed083p213.1. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
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