Biography:Sylvain Lesné

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Short description: French neuroscientist

Sylvain E. Lesné (born 1974) is a French neuroscientist and associate professor at the Department of Neuroscience at the University of Minnesota (UMN) Medical School, known for his research into Alzheimer's disease. He is the primary author of a 2006 Nature paper that is foundational in the hypothesis that one specific toxic oligomer of the amyloid beta protein, known as Aβ*56, is a cause of memory impairment in Alzheimer's, aligned with the prevailing amyloid hypothesis.

As of July 2022, Lesné's work in the 2006 publication and others is being investigated on charges that he manipulated images to inflate the role of Aβ*56 in Alzheimer's. Responses from other researchers indicate that, while the allegations are of significant concern, the overall impact on amyloid research is small and most Alzheimer's research is not compromised.[1]

Personal life and education

Sylvain E. Lesné was born in 1974[2] and raised in Luc-sur-Mer, a small town in the Normandy region in northwestern France.[3] His parents are Bertrand and Marie Carmen Lesné.[4]

Lesné holds a master's degree in biochemistry and has a PhD with a major in neuroscience from the University of Caen Normandy.[5] His doctoral thesis (2002) was "Régulation d'expression et du métabolisme d'APP au cours des pathologies dégénératives" (Regulation of APP expression and metabolism during degenerative pathologies).[6]

Jill Caroline, a Minnesota psychologist and special educator, and Lesné were married in Beauvoir-sur-Mer, France on August 14, 2010.[4]

Early career

Denis Vivien, a French cell biologist and neuroscience professor who oversaw Lesné's doctoral work[7] and published with Lesné, says Lesné produced some immunostaining images which Vivien thought suspect; others were unable to replicate Lesné's data. Vivien withdrew a paper that was to be published with Lesné, and told Le Monde in 2022 that he had long ago ceased having any personal or scientific contact with Lesné.[8][9]

University of Minnesota

After graduating from university, Lesné was hired in 2002 as a post-doctoral research associate[5] by Karen Ashe at the University of Minnesota.[8] Ashe was described by the Minneapolis Star Tribune as a "distinguished professor considered by many to be on the short list for a Nobel Prize for her work".[10] Ashe in turn has described Lesné as her "brilliant postdoctoral fellow"; he had developed a means of measuring amyloid beta (Aβ) oligomer proteins which could be injected into rats.[8][9]

Since 2009,[11] Lesné has had a laboratory at the UMN funded by National Institutes of Health (NIH).[8][12] He received $774,000 in NIH grants to study Aβ*56 through 2012, in addition to over $7 million for Alzheimer's research through 2022, according to the Star Tribune.[11][lower-alpha 1]

Lesné was named an Associate Professor in the Neuroscience Department in 2016, and given tenure according to the Lesné Lab website.[13] He was an associate director at the UMN's N. Bud Grossman Center for Memory Research and Care, where Ashe serves as director.[3][14][15] He is a scholar at the UMN's Institute for Translational Neuroscience as of 2022.[3][16]

Alzheimer's research

Lesné is the lead author, with Ashe and others as co-authors, on an influential 2006 report published in Nature.[17] The paper, "A specific amyloid-β protein assembly in the brain impairs memory", suggested the Aβ*56 oligomer (known as amyloid beta star 56 and Abeta*56[11]) as a cause of Alzheimer's disease.[8][18] The 2006 study proposed that Aβ*56 was responsible for the memory deficits that occur in Alzheimer's.[17] According to the Star Tribune, images from the study showed the Aβ*56 protein growing as mice began to decline and age with dementia.[10]

Science says it was the fifth-highest cited paper in Alzheimer's research as of early 2022, with approximately 2,300 other articles citing it.[8] The Guardian says the paper was "highly influential" and calls it "one of the most cited pieces of Alzheimer's disease research in the last two decades", writing that it has "dominated the field" of research.[17] The Atlantic likens publication in Nature to a "career high-water mark", reflecting especially important findings.[19] The Daily Telegraph states that the "seminal research paper" led to increased drug research funding worldwide.[20]

Lesné was listed as of May 13, 2022 at UMN Medical School's Wall of Scholarship recognizing faculty who "must have first or last author credits on a publication that has been cited at least 1,000 times".[21][22][lower-alpha 2]

Other scientists have not been able to replicate the results specific to Aβ*56 and whether it exists is questioned;[8][17] several Alzheimer's researchers stated in July 2022 on the website Alzforum that they have long been skeptical of the Aβ*56 findings.[19][23] Frédéric Checler, a lab director at the Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology (fr) in Sophia Antipolis, France told Le Monde in 2022 that the 2006 Nature publication raised suspicions early on, saying: "It is extremely difficult to obtain a pure aggregate protein, and to be certain that its nature remains the same after its purification."[9]

2022 investigation

A July 2022 publication in Science authored by Charles Piller questioned the authenticity of Western blot images used in Lesné's research;[8] Piller's report alleges, based on a six-month investigation,[20] that images may have been doctored to emphasize the role of Aβ*56 in Alzheimer's.[11] Matthew Schrag, a Vanderbilt University neuroscientist,[8] raised concerns in a whistleblower report that images were falsified,[20] casting doubt on the association between the Aβ*56 protein and dementia symptoms.[10] Schrag told USA Today the images had similarities to what one would expect from software like Photoshop.[24]

The editors of Nature responded with a July 14, 2022 note stating they were aware of and investigating the concerns raised, that a "further editorial response [would] follow as soon as possible", and that "readers are advised to use caution when using results reported therein".[25][11] The NIH, where Schrag lodged the whistleblower report, is also investigating the matter, and could decide to pass it on the United States Office of Research Integrity if the complaints are found valid.[20]

Lesné is the leading researcher overseeing or instigating the work in about ten disputed studies.[11][17][26] Another journal, Science Signaling, has issued two expressions of concern,[lower-alpha 3][lower-alpha 4] and two other journals,The Journal of Neuroscience[lower-alpha 5] and Brain,[lower-alpha 6] have issued corrections on articles associated with Lesné and his UMN co-workers.[3][26] Retraction Watch states that Ashe co-authored some of the disputed papers, and that the authors in the disputed work do not overlap except for two from UMN Department of Neuroscience.[26] On the corrected paper in Brain, Ashe and Lesné are the senior and first authors.[8] Piller did not find the same image inconsistencies in other work published by Ashe or Vivien without Lesné as a co-author.[8]

UMN is investigating the reports as of July 2022.[17]

Alzheimer's researcher John Forsayeth commented that Ashe had been guilty of a "major ethical lapse" in oversight of data and Dennis Selkoe, a Harvard Medical School neurologist, said he did not understand how Ashe failed to "hyperscrutinize" data considering reactions to the 2006 Nature report. Piller writes that Lesné's work was already being queried before his investigation, when other researchers were unable to replicate the results.[8]

As of July 30, 2022, Lesné had not commented.[7][24] Ashe had declined to comment on the investigation conducted by the UMN, but she stated via email that "it is devastating to discover that a colleague may have misled me and the scientific community ... [it is also] distressing that a major scientific journal has blatantly misrepresented the implications of my work."[11][lower-alpha 7] The Daily Telegraph states that the "authors of the Minnesota paper have defended their original findings" and support the role of amyloid as a cause of Alzheimer's.[20] USA Today reported that Ashe had started the process to retract the Nature paper, but that had not been done as of July 29, 2022 because six of the eight co-authors will not sign off on the request.[24] She stated via email that "... the figures in question were manipulated in a way that made them look nicer but did not affect one word in the paper".[24] Defending the work, she said that the image adjustments "should not have occurred", but called them "non-material" and "inconsequential" to the research overall.[7]

Impact on Alzheimer's research

If studies were manipulated, Jeremy Olson stated in the Star Tribune that "thinking on the causes of the disease and dementia" could change.[11] Olson wrote that the allegations "wouldn't scuttle the entire theory of amyloid proteins", but "Selkoe told Science that they undercut the existence of the Aβ*56 protein that is central to Lesné's research."[10] A Massachusetts General Hospital researcher, Rudolph E. Tanzi, said the alleged manipulation "had virtually zero effect on progress" in Alzheimer's research and characterized statements about its effect on the overall field and the amyloid hypothesis as "hyperbole".[24]

USA Today states that experts have "downplayed" the impact the Nature paper had on drug discovery research.[24] Alzheimer's researchers or organizations from Australia,[27] France,[9] and the UK[20][24][28] state that the general theory behind the amyloid hypothesis remains valid. Selkoe, who Science describes as "a leading advocate of the amyloid and toxic oligomer hypotheses", opined that the "broader amyloid hypothesis remains viable" and referred to the alleged image manipulation as "what really looks like a very egregious example of malfeasance that's squarely in the Aβ oligomer field".[8]

Sara Imarisio of Alzheimer's Research UK said:[20]

"These allegations are extremely serious. ... The amyloid protein is at the centre of the most influential theory of how Alzheimer's disease develops in the brain. But the research that has been called into question is focused on a very specific type of amyloid, and these allegations do not compromise the vast majority of knowledge built up during decades of research into the role of this protein in the disease."[20]

The U.S. National Institute on Aging issued a statement saying:[29]

... the Aβ*56 oligomer was one of many being explored at the time ... immunotherapies targeting Aβ monomers (a single 'unit' of Aβ), other types of oligomers, and the longer amyloid fibrils have been the focus of studies ... there is still a strong scientific rationale for continuing to explore approaches that target different aspects and collections of the amyloid protein.[29]

Legacy

Writing in The Atlantic, David Grimes comments that the Lesné matter exemplifies the publish or perish dilemma, in which pressure to publish in academia can lead to wasted research dollars and inaccurate findings.[19] Minnesota Public Radio linked instances of scientific misconduct to competition for funding.[30]

Notes

  1. ↑ See Reporter.nih.gov Advanced search for NIH grants totaling $7,997,415 with Lesné listed as principal investigator.
  2. ↑ The UMN Medical School Wall of Scholarship webpage does not list Lesné as of July 28, 2022.
  3. ↑ Expression of concern June 21, 2022 for "The amyloid-β oligomer Aβ*56 induces specific alterations in neuronal signaling that lead to tau phosphorylation and aggregation". Sci Signal 10 (478). May 2017. doi:10.1126/scisignal.aal2021. PMID 28487416. 
  4. ↑ Expression of concern June 21, 2022 for "Gain-of-function mutations in protein kinase Cα (PKCα) may promote synaptic defects in Alzheimer's disease". Sci Signal 9 (427): ra47. May 2016. doi:10.1126/scisignal.aaf6209. PMID 27165780. 
  5. ↑ Erratum June 15, 2022 for "Soluble α-synuclein is a novel modulator of Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology". J Neurosci 32 (30): 10253–66. July 2012. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0581-12.2012. PMID 22836259. 
  6. ↑ Erratum May 13, 2022 for "Brain amyloid-β oligomers in ageing and Alzheimer's disease". Brain 136 (Pt 5): 1383–98. May 2013. doi:10.1093/brain/awt062. PMID 23576130. 
  7. ↑ See also Ashe's July 22 response posted on the Alzheimer Research Forum, referencing "allegations about images that may have been inappropriately altered by my former co-worker Dr. Sylvain Lesné".[23]

References

  1. ↑ See Piller 2022, Alltucker & Weintraub 2022, Olson 2022a, Olson 2022b, Layt 2022, Morin & Cabut 2022, Knapton 2022,Alzheimer's_Society 2022 and Hodes 2022.
  2. ↑ "Lesné, Sylvain (1974–....)" (in fr). idref.org. Agence bibliographique de l'enseignement supérieur. https://www.idref.fr/069067929. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 "People: Sylvain Lesné". The Lesné Laboratory. https://lesnelab.org/people/. Retrieved July 22, 2022. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Caroline-Lesne". Forum Communications Company. September 18, 2010. https://www.inforum.com/caroline-lesne. 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Breaking the code of amyloid-β oligomers". International Conference on Psychology, Autism, and Alzheimer's Disease (OMICS Group Conferences) 2013: 950783. 2013. doi:10.1155/2013/950783. PMID 24072999. PMC 3773433. https://d2cax41o7ahm5l.cloudfront.net/cs/speaker-pdfs/sylvain-e-lesne-university-of-minnesota-usa.pdf. Retrieved July 27, 2022. 
  6. ↑ "Régulation d'expression et du métabolisme d'APP au cours des pathologies dégénératives" (in fr). http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN2025.  Lesné's doctoral thesis catalogue entry on theses.fr, with abstract.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "University of Minnesota researcher seeks to sustain Alzheimer's findings amid image scandal". Star Tribune. July 30, 2022. https://www.startribune.com/university-of-minnesota-researcher-seeks-to-sustain-alzheimers-findings-amid-image-scandal/600194407/. 
  8. ↑ 8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 8.10 8.11 8.12 "Blots on a field?". Science 377 (6604): 358–363. July 21, 2022. doi:10.1126/science.add9993. PMID 35862524. https://www.science.org/content/article/potential-fabrication-research-images-threatens-key-theory-alzheimers-disease. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 "Recherche sur la maladie d'Alzheimer : des soupçons d'inconduites scientifiques" (in Fr). Le Monde. July 25, 2022. https://www.lemonde.fr/sciences/article/2022/07/25/recherche-sur-la-maladie-d-alzheimer-des-soupcons-d-inconduites-scientifiques_6136080_1650684.html. "'Je ne souhaite pas épiloguer sur le cas de Sylvain Lesné, avec qui j'ai décidé de stopper toutes relations scientifiques et personnelles depuis bien longtemps', écrit le chercheur au Monde. ... Le chercheur se souvient d'ailleurs qu'à sa publication, l'article avait suscité des réticences dans la communauté, pas tant pour une suspicion de manipulations de données que pour des raisons techniques. 'Il est extrêmement difficile d'obtenir une protéine agrégée pure, et d'être certain que sa nature reste la même après sa purification', souligne-t-il. ['I do not wish to dwell on the case of Sylvain Lesné, with whom I decided to stop all scientific and personal relations a long time ago,' writes the researcher to Le Monde. ... The researcher also remembers that when it was published, the article had aroused reluctance in the community, not so much for a suspicion of data manipulation as for technical reasons. 'It is extremely difficult to obtain a pure aggregate protein, and to be certain that its nature remains the same after its purification', he underlines.]" 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 "Review questions key work by University of Minnesota on Alzheimer's". Star Tribune. July 21, 2022. https://www.startribune.com/investigation-questions-legitimacy-of-major-university-of-minnesota-alzheimers-finding/600192084/. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 "University of Minnesota scientist responds to fraud allegations in Alzheimer's research". Star Tribune. July 22, 2022. https://www.startribune.com/senior-university-of-minnesota-scientist-responds-to-fraud-allegations-in-alzheimers-research/600192351/. 
  12. ↑ "The Lesné Laboratory". Sylvain Lesné. https://lesnelab.org/news/. 
  13. ↑ "Promotion & Tenure to Associate Professor". The Lesné Lab. May 25, 2016. https://lesnelab.org/2016/05/25/promotion-tenure-to-associate-professor/. 
  14. ↑ "With aging population, Alzheimer's a main focus". Minnesota Daily. February 3, 2015. https://mndaily.com/news/metro-state/2015/02/02/aging-population-alzheimer%E2%80%99s-main-focus. 
  15. ↑ "Team". N. Bud Grossman Center for Memory Research and Care: University of Minnesota. https://www.memory.umn.edu/about/team/. 
  16. ↑ "Scholars". Institute for Translational Neuroscience: University of Minnesota. https://med.umn.edu/research/research-strengths-expertise/neuroscience/institute-translational-neuroscience/scholars. 
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 "Critical elements of leading Alzheimer's study possibly fraudulent". The Guardian. July 23, 2022. https://www.theguardian.com/society/2022/jul/23/alzheimers-study-fraudulent. 
  18. ↑ "Dr. Karen Ashe: Stalking Alzheimer's". Star Tribune. February 13, 2012. https://www.startribune.com/february-2012-karen-ashe-stalking-alzheimer-s/139159894/. 
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 "What an Alzheimer's Controversy Reveals About the Pressures of Academia". The Atlantic. July 29, 2022. https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2022/07/alzheimers-disease-data-fraud-sylvain-lesne/670995/. 
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 20.5 20.6 20.7 "'Manipulated' Alzheimer's data may have misled research for 16 years". The Daily Telegraph. July 21, 2022. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2022/07/21/manipulated-alzheimers-data-may-have-misled-research-16-years/. 
  21. ↑ "Wall of Scholarship". University of Minnesota. https://med.umn.edu/research/wall-scholarship. 
  22. ↑ "Honored at the UMN Wall of Scholarship". The Lesné Lab. November 5, 2015. https://lesnelab.org/2015/11/05/honored-at-the-umn-wall-of-scholarship/. 
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 "Sylvain Lesné, Who Found Aβ*56, Accused of Image Manipulation". Alzheimer Research Forum (alzforum.org). July 22, 2022. https://www.alzforum.org/news/community-news/sylvain-lesne-who-found-av56-accused-image-manipulation. 
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 24.4 24.5 24.6 "Investigation into pivotal Alzheimer's study raises questions on suspected disease culprit". USA Today. July 29, 2022. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/health/2022/07/29/alzheimers-theory-scrutinized-accusation-fabricated-research/10142926002/. 
  25. ↑ "A specific amyloid-beta protein assembly in the brain impairs memory". Nature 440 (7082): 352–7. March 2006. doi:10.1038/nature04533. PMID 16541076. Bibcode: 2006Natur.440..352L. https://www.nature.com/articles/nature04533. Retrieved July 22, 2022.  See lay summary: "Aβ Star is Born? Memory Loss in APP Mice Blamed on Oligomer", Alzheimer Research Forum, March 17, 2006.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 "Papers on Alzheimer's slapped with expressions of concern". Retraction Watch. June 21, 2022. https://retractionwatch.com/2022/06/21/papers-on-alzheimers-slapped-with-expressions-of-concern/. 
  27. ↑ "Alleged Alzheimer's research fraud won't derail search for cure". The Sydney Morning Herald. July 25, 2022. https://www.smh.com.au/national/alleged-alzheimer-s-research-fraud-won-t-derail-search-for-cure-20220725-p5b4ep.html. 
  28. ↑ "Explaining the amyloid research study controversy" (Press release). Alzheimer's Society. July 25, 2022. Retrieved July 28, 2022.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Hodes, Richard J. (July 29, 2022). "NIA statement on amyloid beta protein dementia research". National Institute on Aging. https://www.nia.nih.gov/news/nia-statement-amyloid-beta-protein-dementia-research. 
  30. ↑ "'It's about a bad system': Fraud and fabrication in scientific research – How competition and limited funding can lead to dishonesty". Minnesota Public Radio. July 28, 2022. https://www.mprnews.org/story/2022/07/28/its-about-a-bad-system-fraud-and-fabrication-in-scientific-research. 

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