Biology:5'-3' exoribonuclease 2
 Generic protein structure example |
5'-3' Exoribonuclease 2 (XRN2) also known as Dhm1-like protein is an exoribonuclease enzyme that in humans is encoded by the XRN2 gene.[1]
The human gene encoding XRN2 shares similarity with the mouse Dhm1 and the yeast's Dhp1 (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) or RAT1 (Saccharomyces) genes. The yeast gene is involved in homologous recombination and RNA metabolism, such as RNA synthesis and RNA trafficking and termination.[2] Complementation studies show that Dhm1 has a similar function in mouse as Dhp1.
Function
Human XRN2 is involved in the torpedo model of transcription termination.[3]
The C. elegans homologue, XRN-2, is involved in the degradation of certain mature miRNAs and their dislodging from miRISC miRNAs.[4]
In yeast, the Rat1 protein has been shown to also be involved in the torpedo transcription termination model. When a polyadenylation site has been detected on the nascent RNA and cleaved by the RNA polymerase II, the Rtt103 factor recruits Rat1 and attaches it to free end. The exonuclease activity of Rat1 degrades the RNA strand and halts transcriptions upon catching up to the polymerase.[2]
See also
- Xrn1
References
- ↑ "Cloning and mapping of the XRN2 gene to human chromosome 20p11.1-p11.2". Genomics 59 (2): 252–4. July 1999. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.5866. PMID 10409438.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 David Tollervey (November 2004). "Termination by torpedo". Nature 432 (7016): 456–457. doi:10.1038/432456a. PMID 15565140.
- ↑ "Human 5' --> 3' exonuclease Xrn2 promotes transcription termination at co-transcriptional cleavage sites". Nature 432 (7016): 522–5. November 2004. doi:10.1038/nature03035. PMID 15565158. Bibcode: 2004Natur.432..522W.
- ↑ "Active turnover modulates mature microRNA activity in Caenorhabditis elegans". Nature 461 (7263): 546–9. September 2009. doi:10.1038/nature08349. PMID 19734881. Bibcode: 2009Natur.461..546C.
External links
- Human XRN2 genome location and XRN2 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.
Further reading
- "A protein interaction framework for human mRNA degradation.". Genome Res. 14 (7): 1315–23. 2004. doi:10.1101/gr.2122004. PMID 15231747.
- "The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20.". Nature 414 (6866): 865–71. 2001. doi:10.1038/414865a. PMID 11780052. Bibcode: 2001Natur.414..865D.
- "A probability-based approach for high-throughput protein phosphorylation analysis and site localization.". Nat. Biotechnol. 24 (10): 1285–92. 2006. doi:10.1038/nbt1240. PMID 16964243.
- "Genetic variants cis-regulating Xrn2 expression contribute to the risk of spontaneous lung tumor.". Oncogene 29 (7): 1041–9. 2010. doi:10.1038/onc.2009.396. PMID 19915612.
- "Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay in mammalian cells involves decapping, deadenylating, and exonucleolytic activities.". Mol. Cell 12 (3): 675–87. 2003. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(03)00349-6. PMID 14527413.
- "Toward a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs.". Genome Res. 11 (3): 422–35. 2001. doi:10.1101/gr.GR1547R. PMID 11230166.
- "Studies of the 5' exonuclease and endonuclease activities of CPSF-73 in histone pre-mRNA processing.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 29 (1): 31–42. 2009. doi:10.1128/MCB.00776-08. PMID 18955505.
- "Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks.". Cell 127 (3): 635–48. 2006. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.09.026. PMID 17081983.
- "Functional proteomic analysis of human nucleolus.". Mol. Biol. Cell 13 (11): 4100–9. 2002. doi:10.1091/mbc.E02-05-0271. PMID 12429849.
- "The multifunctional protein p54nrb/PSF recruits the exonuclease XRN2 to facilitate pre-mRNA 3' processing and transcription termination.". Genes Dev. 21 (14): 1779–89. 2007. doi:10.1101/gad.1565207. PMID 17639083.
- "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. 2004. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMID 15489334.
- "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. 2004. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
- "Pause sites promote transcriptional termination of mammalian RNA polymerase II.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 26 (10): 3986–96. 2006. doi:10.1128/MCB.26.10.3986-3996.2006. PMID 16648491.
- "Nucleolar proteome dynamics.". Nature 433 (7021): 77–83. 2005. doi:10.1038/nature03207. PMID 15635413. Bibcode: 2005Natur.433...77A.
- "A novel splice variant of human XRN2 gene is mainly expressed in blood leukocyte.". DNA Seq. 16 (2): 143–6. 2005. doi:10.1080/10425170500066771. PMID 16147866.
- Mammalian Gene Collection Program Team; Strausberg, R. L.; Feingold, E. A.; Grouse, L. H. et al. (2002). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99 (26): 16899–16903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932. Bibcode: 2002PNAS...9916899M.
- "Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101 (33): 12130–5. 2004. doi:10.1073/pnas.0404720101. PMID 15302935. Bibcode: 2004PNAS..10112130B.
External links
- XRN2+protein,+human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
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