Biology:Abdominal reflex
An abdominal reflex is a superficial neurological reflex stimulated by stroking of the abdomen around the umbilicus. It can be helpful in determining the level of a central nervous system (CNS) lesion. Being a superficial reflex, it is polysynaptic (involving multiple connections between nerves).[1]
Test
The abdomen is mentally divided into four quadrants, and the skin in each quadrant is gently stroked, on the diagonal, towards the navel.[2] The navel should twitch towards the stimulus.[2]
Roots involved
Thoracic 8th – 12th segments are involved.[1]
Absent abdominal reflex
Abdominal reflex is noted as either present or absent. An absent response can be physiological. Physiological absent response can be due to obesity, frailty, or muscle laxity after multiple pregnancies or abdominal surgery.[1] It is not unusual for this reflex to be absent in children.[2]
If the reflex is absent, or especially if it is asymmetric, it can indicate a neurological problem somewhere above the lower thoracic spine.[1]
Pathological absence can be due to:[3]
- Multiple sclerosis
- Motor neuron disease (late)
- Neurogenic bladder
- Brown-Séquard syndrome
- Chiari malformations
Evolutionary significance
The local contraction of the abdominal muscles to an abdominal sensory stimulus was to protect the internal viscera from damage.[4]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Shibasaki, Hiroshi; Hallett, Mark (2016-06-15) (in en). The Neurologic Examination: Scientific Basis for Clinical Diagnosis. Oxford University Press. pp. 157. ISBN 978-0-19-024098-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=XjdRDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA157.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 AAOS; Armstrong, April; Hubbard, Mark C. (2018-06-26) (in en). AAOS Essentials of Musculoskeletal Care. Jones & Bartlett Learning. pp. 1029. ISBN 978-1-284-16685-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=KGR8DwAAQBAJ.
- ↑ "Absent Abdominal Reflex". http://www.patient.co.uk/leaflets/abdominal_reflexes_absent.htm. Retrieved 5 February 2013.[yes|permanent dead link|dead link}}]
- ↑ "Abdominal Reflex Evolutionary Significance". http://teachneuro.blogspot.com/2011/10/abdominal-reflexes.html. Retrieved 5 February 2013.
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