Biology:Adelphailurus
Adelphailurus is an extinct genus of metailurin machairodontine (saber-toothed) cat that inhabited western North America during the late Miocene and early Pliocene. It is monotypic, containing only the species Adelphailurus kansensis.[1][2]
History of discovery
The holotype specimen, KUMVP 3462, was collected by H. T. Martin from near the base of the Ogallala Formation in Sherman County, Kansas, in the summer of 1924. It was subsequently stored in the collections at the University of Kansas' Museum of Vertebrate Paleontology. However, it was not described until 1934 when paleontologist Claude W. Hibbard erected the new genus and species Adelphailurus kansensis for the specimen.[1] In 2026, Chatar and Tseng described five new specimens including a complete skull, right lower jaw fragment, and three isolated upper canine teeth.[3]
The genus name is derived from the Greek ἀδελφός/adelphós meaning "brother", and αἴλουρος/ailurus meaning "cat". The specific epithet kansensis means "from Kansas".[1]
Description
The holotype of Adelphailurus kansensis consists of the anterior portion of a skull with nearly perfect dentition on both the maxillaries and premaxillaries. Hibbard stated that the living cat would have a relatively broad skull with large canines.[1]
Classification
Hibbard only assigned the genus to the family Felidae in his original description.[1] It was assigned to the tribe Metailurini in 1983,[4] assigned in passing to Felidae by Carroll in 1988,[5] and to the subfamily Machairodontinae by Martin in 1998.[6]
In 2005, Werdelin and Andersson suggested that Adelphailurus kansensis should be reassigned to the genus Metailurus as Metailurus kansensis,[7] but this was rejected and refuted by Li in 2014 and Spassov & Geraads in 2015.[8][9]
In 2010 it was suggested that Nimravides hibbardi was a junior synonym of Adelphailurus kansensis.[10]
Position of Adelphailurus in Metailurini according to a 2018 phylogenetic analysis:[11]
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References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Hibbard, C. W. (1934). "Two new genera of Felidae from the middle Pliocene of Kansas". Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 37: 239–255. doi:10.2307/3625308. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/3625308.pdf.
- ↑ Turner, Alan; Antón, Mauricio (1997). The Big Cats and their fossil relatives. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-10228-3.
- ↑ Chatar, N.; Tseng, Z. J. (2026). "New material of Adelphailurus kansensis sheds light on the cranial anatomy of an early-diverging machairodontine felid". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. doi:10.1080/02724634.2026.2667939.
- ↑ Berta, A.; Galiano, H. (1983). "Megantereon hesperus from the late Hemphillian of Florida with remarks on the phylogenetic relationships of machairodonts (Mammalia, Felidae, Machairodontinae)". Journal of Paleontology 57 (5): 892–899.
- ↑ Carroll, Robert L. (1988). Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution. W.H. Freeman and Company. ISBN 0716718227.
- ↑ Martin, L. D. (1998). "Felidae". in C. M. Janis. Evolution of Tertiary mammals of North America. 1. pp. 236–242.
- ↑ Andersson, K.; Werdelin, L. (2005). "Carnivora from the late miocene of Lantian, China". Vertebrata PalAsiatica 43 (4): 267. http://ivpp.cas.cn/cbw/gjzdwxb/xbwzxz/200810/W020090813368770778229.pdf.
- ↑ Li, Yu (2014). "Restudy of Metailurus major from Yushe Basin, Shanxi Province reported by Teilhard de Chardin and Leroy". Vertebrata PalAsiatica 52 (4). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271020687.
- ↑ Spassov, Nikolai; Geraads, Denis (2014-05-15). "A New Felid from the Late Miocene of the Balkans and the Contents of the Genus Metailurus Zdansky, 1924 (Carnivora, Felidae)". Journal of Mammalian Evolution 22: 45–56. doi:10.1007/s10914-014-9266-5.
- ↑ Hodnett, John-Paul (2010). "A Machairodont felid (Mammalia; Carnivora; Felidae) from the latest Hemphillian (Late Miocene/Early Pliocene) Bidahochi Formation, northeastern Arizona". Paleobios 29 (3). doi:10.5070/P9293021800. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4xr1s918.
- ↑ Piras, Paolo; Silvestro, Daniele; Carotenuto, Francesco; Castiglione, Silvia; Kotsakis, Anastassios; Maiorino, Leonardo; Melchionna, Marina; Mondanaro, Alessandro et al. (2018). "Evolution of the sabertooth mandible: A deadly ecomorphological specialization". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 496: 166–174. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.01.034. Bibcode: 2018PPP...496..166P.
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